Ovisa Intan Auliya – 205100107111038
D – Processing Plant Design
SUMMARY OF SECTORAL
ACTIVITIES PROGRAMME
Background - The impressive
expansion of the food and drink industries,
particularly in industrialized countries, has
been made possible by the introduction of
new technology designed to achieve higher
productivity and to produce goods of higher
value. The use of technology can be very
efficient in upgrading productivity,
although it can also have an impact on
increasing the risk of accidents on
workplace, especially for those who are less
trained in the proper use of the new
technique.
Occupational hazards in the food
and drink industries - The food and
beverage industry must follow suit strict
health and hygiene standards, because their
products can affect the health of consumers.
At the stage of food processing, there are
many processing factors that can affect
Workers' body conditions can even be
dangerous, such as low temperature room
conditions, dusty rooms, rooms with lots of
machines. Occupational accidents that
occur in the food and beverage industry
have a low severity level compared to other
industries.
Prevention of occupational
accidents and injuries in the food and
drink industries - A common injury in the
food and beverage industry is injury
associated with sharp hand tools. Another
injury that frequent occurrences include
musculoskeletal injuries and bruises.
Broken bones, burns and eyes injuries were
also reported quite frequently. Tool
handling, machine operation, fatigue,
collisions with moving or stationary objects
and falls or slips at work are the leading
cause of injury in the food and beverage
industry. Another common cause of injury
reportedly covers the handling of chemicals
or hot materials and body parts trapped in
machinery. Most of these injuries could be
prevented by better training workers in safe
tool handling, as well as by supplying teams
with better personal protective equipment.
Improvement of work environment, such as
machine safety, keeping floors clean, use of
anti-slip soles, installing anti-slip flooring
materials, ergonomics of equipment,
education related to explosive materials and
how to handle fires, installing ventilation,
good housekeeping, maintenance of
electrical installations, regulation proper
light, and provide personal protective
equipment.
Prevention of occupational
diseases in the food and drink industries
- The most common occupational disease is
respiratory distress (rhinitis, which affects
the nasal passages; broncho-constriction in
the major airways; and pneumonitis, which
consists of damage to the fine structure of
the lung), followed by musculoskeletal
disturbancecould be caused by engine
vibration (tendonitis, carpal tunnel
syndrome and tenosynovitis). Another
disease that is often suffered by workers in
this sector is hearing loss disorders can be
caused by engine noise for hours on end,
skin diseases (can be caused by allergens,
chemicals and mold spores), various types
of allergies and infections transmitted by
animals/zoonosis (brucellosis, erysipeloid,
leptospirosis, epidermomycosis and
dermatophytosis) and intoxication by
hazardous substances (ammonia, carbon
monoxide, trichloroethylene, hexane,
benzene, carbon dioxide and polyvinyl
chloride (PVC)).
 Safety and health issues in respect without appropriate guards shall, to such
of women workers in the food and drink extent as the competent authority may
industries - Women's employment in the determine, be prohibited by national laws
food and drink industries has expanded or regulations. As far as the use of power-
considerably in most countries. It was driven machinery is concerned, the
repeatedly found that certain occupational employer is obliged to ensure that only
accidents and illnesses from which women machinery with appropriate guards is
suffered more frequently than men were allowed in the workplace. The main
affected by age. As in many sectors, the responsibilities of the employer under the
average age of women workers in the food Convention and the Recommendation are
and drink industries also tends to be higher to ensure, in so far as is reasonably
than that of men, because many women practicable, the safety of the workplace,
tend to re-enter the active labour market machinery, equipment and processes under
after a break of some years for the bearing their control. They are also required to take
and rearing children. Although some appropriate measures to ensure that the
women are highly qualified professionals, a chemical, physical and biological
large proportion of female workers are substances under their control are without
unskilled or semi-skilled workers who are risk to health, and where necessary, they
employed on temporary or part-time have to provide adequate protective
contracts. equipment to prevent any adverse effects on
Legal texts, policies and tripartite health. They are also required to establish
cooperation - Protecting workers against measures to deal with emergencies,
dangerous and unhealthy conditions in the including first-aid facilities.
working environment through the
establishment of international labour
standards has been one of the most
important missions of the International
Labour Organization (ILO). These
standards consist principally of
international labour Conventions and
Recommendations. The main functions of
the services provided for in the Convention
and Recommendation include surveillance
of the working environment and of workers'
health, participation in the design and
implementation of training programmes in
respect of health and hygiene and the
provision of first-aid and emergency
treatment in the event of accidents. The
Convention, which is applicable to all
power-driven machinery, new or second-
hand, in all branches of economic activity,
provides that the sale, hire, transfer in any
other manner or exhibition of machinery