Name: OBOD, RAIZEN L.

Date: 10-23-22
Course/Year: BS CRIMINOLOGY 2-DELTA

1. Define globalization.
-The term "globalization" refers to the increasing interconnectedness of the
economies, cultures, and populations throughout the world as a result of
technology, cross-border commerce in products and services, and movements of
capital, labor, and information. Over many years, nations have developed
economic alliances to support these movements. However, the phrase became
more common after the Cold War in the early 1990s because of how these
cooperative agreements influenced contemporary daily life. With a primary focus
on the United States, this guide utilizes the phrase more specifically to refer to
international commerce and certain investment flows among advanced
economies. Globalization has wide-ranging, intricate, and politically fraught
repercussions. Similar to significant technical advancements, globalization is good
for society as a whole while being bad for some groups. Recognizing the relative
costs and benefits can help solve issues while maintaining larger benefits.

2. Effects of Globalization in the law enforcement service.

-International crime has been more common during the previous ten years. Grave
crime is no longer constrained by geographic boundaries, according to Louis
Freeh, director of the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Approaching such
crimes on a global scale is essential since they are not constrained by national
borders. As a result, there is a greater need for law enforcement agencies to
expand their efforts globally in order to combat financial and business-related
crimes like money laundering, tax fraud, securities fraud, intellectual property theft,
extortion, anti-trust violations, computer crime, corrupt business practices, and
racketeering as well as violent crimes like terrorism, alien smuggling, and drug
trafficking.
3. What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of globalization?
Advantages of Globalization
 Technology Change: It's a positive thing that technology is evolving globally.
Through agreements, nations can use the technology to utilize it for general
development. With the help of cutting-edge technology, communication will
be easier to reach from anywhere in the world for less money, time, and
effort.
 Better Services and GDP Growth Rate: People constantly receive better
services as a result of globalization. Services including water supply,
networking, energy supply, internet, and other services have all gotten
simpler to use as a result of technological advancement. Another benefit of
globalization is that the internet is readily available. Additionally,
globalization guarantees that all nations will contribute to boosting global
GDP development.
 Affordably priced goods: With access to cutting-edge technology, the
nations are able to offer goods to their population at reasonable costs.
Competition in home industries is boosted by globalization. Companies
either lower product prices or use discernment pricing.
 Market Expansion: Market expansion is favored by globalization. It gives
domestic businesses a chance to expand internationally.

Disadvantages of Globalization

 Rising Inequality: By fostering greater specialization and commerce,

globalization has the potential to exacerbate the issue of inequality on a
global scale. By increasing the per-capita income, it contributes to global
relative poverty.

 Growing Unemployment Rate: Because higher-skilled labor is demanded at

lower wages, globalization can raise the unemployment rate. The
unemployment rate may rise in nations where businesses are
comparatively unable to produce highly trained people.
  Imbalanced Trade: The ratio of goods and services exported and imported
is referred to as the balance of trade. Trade between nations is open, and
globalization has led to an imbalance in this ratio. It is also known as "trade
deficits." As a result of market competitiveness, trade imbalance has gotten
worse over time in industrialized nations.

 Environmental damage: As a result of globalization, industrialization is

occurring more quickly. Economic development is accelerated by
industrialization, but the environment is also harmed. Various chemical
enterprises leak industrial waste into the environment or utilize toxic
fertilizers and solutions, endangering both human life and the ecosystem.

 Exploiting weaker labor markets: By frequently providing lower labor costs,

globalization helps corporations to create jobs and economic opportunities
in emerging nations. However, because of globalization, such emerging
nations' total economic development may stall or, worse, stagnate.

4. How does globalization mutate crime.

-Transnational organized crime networks have benefited from globalization, which
is widely understood as the reduction of obstacles to the cross-national flow of
products and finances. New marketplaces for the illegal goods and services
offered by criminal organizations have been developed by the dynamics of global
supply and demand. Drugs are highly sought-after (especially in Europe and North
America), as are weaponry in Africa and the Middle East, exotic species, animal
parts, and exploitable humans in Asia (virtually everywhere). According to a recent
estimate by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD), the value of the global market for fake and stolen goods might reach $500
billion. Criminal organizations now have more chances to set up factories in
several nations from which to create and sell illegal items, cutting costs and
boosting revenues. Transnational criminal networks may also outsource a variety
of support services to places across the world with internet access and reduced
labor costs, much like we see with legitimate multinational firms.
5. What is the difference between international and transnational crime.
- Crimes that include more than one nation in their conception, execution, or
consequences are referred to as transnational crimes. These crimes stand out
from other crimes because to their transnational character, which presents
particular challenges in determining their causes, creating preventative plans, and
putting in place efficient adjudication procedures. Three broad categories of
transnational crimes involving the distribution of illicit goods (drug trafficking,
trafficking in stolen goods, trafficking in stolen weapons, and counterfeiting), the
provision of illicit services (commercial sex and human trafficking), and the
infiltration of business and government (fraud, racketeering, money laundering,
and corruption) that affect multiple nations can be used to categorize these crimes.
International crime, which encompasses crimes against humanity that may or may
not involve numerous nations, is different from transnational crime. Genocide and
terrorism are two examples of international crimes that are covered in this source
list.