SESSION 04

Goal: To make comparisons and use the passive voice

 We use comparative adjectives to show change or make
comparisons between one thing with another:
FORM:

Subject + verb + comparative adjective + than + noun.

BASE FORM COMPARATIVE
old older
New York is bigger than Boston.
large larger

X X
happy happier

more big big

expensive
bigger
more expensive

good better
bad worse
far further
COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES
We use the comparative to compare two people, places or things.
small smaller

Short adjective + ER. Long adjective: MORE + long

adjective
old  older
exciting  more exciting
young  younger
beautiful  more beautiful
CVC + ER (the final consonant is
doubled) Irregular adjectives
big  bigger good  better
hot  hotter bad  worse
We use THAN after the comparative form of
Short adjective ended in –Y  -IER the adjective.
easy  easier John is taller than Mary.
heavy  heavier A Ferrari is more expensive than a Fiat.

3
TELL ME ABOUT YOUR FAVORITE ONE
ANIMES Adele
Bad Bunny

SINGERS

Bruno Mars
One Piece Naruto Dragon Ball
ACTORS
SERIES

Will Gal Morgan

Smith Gadot Freeman

For me, Gal Gadot is better than Will Smith. Vinicius Jr.
Kylian Mbapee

SOCCER
PLAYERS
Erling Haaland
1. If you practice more. Your English will get ____________. (good)
2. We’ve invite six Friends for dinner, so we need a ____________ table (large)
3. The Beatles are not bad, but I prefer ________________ music. (modern)
4. My brother is ten years ____________ than me. (old)
5. Brazil’s economy is now ______________ than Britain’s. (good)
6. Travelling by train is ___________________ than flying. (dangerous)
7. Computers these days are getting __________ and _________. (small/fast)
8. As the story went on, it became _______________. (interesting)
9. The _________ I work, the more tax I have to pay. (hard)
10.The ____________ (fast) the boat went, the ________________ (frightened) I
became.
 We use superlative adjectives to describe an object which is at the
upper or lower limit of a quality compared to a group of objects.
FORM:

Subject + verb + the + superlative adjective + noun + in/of + group of objects.

Everest is the highest mountain in the world. BASE FORM COMPARATIVE

old oldest

X X
large largest

most high
happy happiest
big biggest
expensive most expensive

good best
bad worst
far furthest
SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES
Superlative adjectives are used to describe an object which is at the upper or lower
limit of a quality
small small the smallest

Long adjective: MOST + long

Short adjective + EST. adjective
old  the oldest exciting  the most exciting
young  the youngest beautiful  the most beautiful

CVC + EST (the final consonant is Irregular adjectives

doubled) good  the best
big  the biggest bad  the worst
hot  the hottest
We use “THE” before the superlative form of
Short adjective ended in –Y  -IEST the adjective.
John is the tallest student in the class.thary.
easy  the easiest
.
heavy  the heaviest
1. What’s ___ time of year to visit your city? 5. Are there any areas which are not safe? Which are ___?
a) best b) the best a) More dangerous b) the most dangerous
2. What are ___ things to see and do? 6. What's ___ building? What's the oldest?
a) The most interesting b) more interesting a) The tallest b) the most tall
3. What's ___ way to travel around? What's the fastest? 7. What are ___ cafés and restaurants?
a) The most easy b) the easiest a) The most popular b) the popularest
4. What do you think is ___ area? 8. What's ___ supermarket? What's the most expensive?
a) The most attractive b) the atractivest a) The most cheap b) the cheapest
 I am the funniest in my family.

Practice the conversation with a partner.

BASE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
A: Hi. Can I ask you some questions about your family?
short shorter the shortest
tall taller the tallest
funny funnier the funniest

A: Who’s taller? You or your ? impatient more impatient the most impatient
attractive more attractive the most attractive

Adjectives:
A:: And who’s the most impatient in your family? -Friendly -Hardworking
-Lazy -Romantic
-Popular -Kind
-Strict -Confident
-Talkative -Thin
.

London or New York?

More populated higher bigger nicer better longer

New York is really populated but London is more populated.

The statue of Liberty is nice, but The Big Ben is _____________.
New York is a long city, but London is a _________.
New York has a high per capita income. However, London's is __________.
There are many shops in London to visit , but there are __________________________ shops in New York.
For me, New York is a _________ place to visit because you can find many places to enjoy.
.

Let´s practice: Comparative or Superlative?

1. London is older than New York (old)
2. The Eiffel Tower is __________________ than The Triumphal Arch. (beautiful)
3. Machu Picchu has been the ______________________ place in Cuzco.(iconic)
4. This skyscraper is the ___________ I've ever seen. (high)
5. This has been the ____________ experience I've ever lived. (amazing)
6. The London Bridge is ___________ than the Golden Gate Bridge. (big)
7. Egypt is _________________ than Paraguay. (interesting)
8. Barcelona is _________ than Madrid (good).
9. Today is _________ than yesterday. (sunny)
10. This is the ________ day in my life. (bad)

Remember:
You can also create longer sentences using connectors like:
BUT – BECAUSE – AND – HOWEVER - SO.
Example: Luis is taller than Ana, but he is not the tallest.
.
Different realities:
Example: Juan is 45 years old. Sully is 39 years old. Luis is 40 years old. (However / old)

Example: Luis is older than Sully. However, Juan is the oldest.

1. The bag of rice had weighed 50 k. The bag of sugar had weighed 45 k. The bag of sand had weighed 100 k. (But / heavy)
2. Juan has worked for 3 hours. Mario and I have only worked for 1 hour. (So / hard)
3. Juan was 1.95m tall. John was 1.80 tall and Ana was 1.70m tall. (But / tall)
4. Michael Jackson had gotten a fortune of 140 millions of dollars. Elvis Presley and Marylin Monroe had gotten a fortune of
60 millions of dollars each. (So / rich)
5. The Everest has a height of 8849m. The Huascaran has a height of 6768m.The Matterhorn has a height of 4478m.
(However / high)

Team Task: You will work in groups and make more examples for your
presentation.
 The household is
done
Goals: To talk about household activities using passive voice in the present and past simple
What is done? VIDEO - 10 MIN
 WARM-UP – HOUSEHOLD ACTIVITIES- 5
MIN
a. What household activities are done? 1 3
2

What household activity is done?

The ironing The dinner
1 The ironing is done (by my mom). (do) The washing up (make)
(do)
2 6
3 4
5
4
The room The
5 (tidy) dishwasher
The floor (unload)
6 (mop)
 am
Subject + is + past participle verb + by agent
are

takes My dog is taken for a walk by Miguel.

doesn’t take My dog isn’t taken for a walk by Miguel.

Does take
Is my dog taken for a walk by Miguel?
 was
Subject + + past participle verb + by agent
were

washed
Yesterday, the dishes were washed by Jose.

didn’t wash
Yesterday, the dishes weren’t washed by Jose.

Did wash
Were the dishes washed by Jose yestertday?
 ACTIVE OR PASSIVE?
ACTIVE
• John painted the house last week.
• Champagne is drunk on New Year’s Eve.
• These machines are used to mix the ingredients.
• The restaurant was renovated in 2004.
• Cars and planes produce greenhouse gases.
• Reporters write thousands of articles.
Complete the sentences with the correct passive form of the verbs in
brackets. Use the Present Simple.
a. English ____________________ (speak) in many countries.
b. The post ______________________ (deliver) at about 7 o’clock every
morning.
c. ______________________________ (the building/use) any more?
d. How often ______________________________ (the Olympic
Games(hold)?
Complete the sentences with the correct passive form of the verbs in
brackets. Use the Past Simple.
a. My car ______________________ (repair) last week.
b. This song ________________________ (not write) by John Lennon.
c. ________________________________ (the phone/answer) by a
young girl?
d. The film ________________________ (make) ten years ago.
e. When ______________________________ (tennis/invent)?