Professional Practice Dr. Zaids Material PDF

20211026
01
Definition, Environment,
Team, Project Pyramid
Dr. Zaid F. Al-Hamad ZUJ461 20211

 Architectural Team
• Employer  Jordan Engineers Association- JEA
• Architect • Legislation
• Contractor • Organization
• Organizations • Registration
• Office Registration
 Practice Support
• Education  Building codes
• CPD • Description and definitions
• Local legislations and building codes (example and
 Project Phases practice)
• AIA • International building codes (example and practice)
• RIBA
• MOPW
 Architect Careers
Contents (file 01) 2

Professional Practice- ZH 4/30/2023
1. THE PRACTICE ENVIRONMENT
(the Construction Industry)
- People and Organizations -
1. INTRODUCTION
Define Architect
ARCHITECT
- Architects are the designers of the buildings,
translating the clients needs and ideas into an
acceptable design, and then into executable
working drawings.
- The term architect means the (master builder),

referring to Latin Arch-Tekton,
- Arch (master, chief)
- Tekton (technician, carpenter, builder)
4
1. INTRODUCTION
Project Environment
The environment of a given construction project includes two parties:

- The production team
- The review authorities
5
1. INTRODUCTION
The Production Team

- The construction project is comprised of a team, the architect does not construct buildings
on his own.
- Besides the architect other basic roles are played, to conclude an average project team as
following:
 The Employer
- The Project Manager
- The Quantity Surveyor
 The Architect (the Consultant)
- Other Consultants/Specialists (Sub-consultants)
 The Contractor
- Sub-contractors 6
1. INTRODUCTION
The Review Authorities
- The construction project goes usually under review from local authorities for construction
permissions.
- In Jordan, they may include:

- The Jordanian Engineers Organization
- The Municipality.
- The Fire Brigade
- The Department of Antiquities
7
The Project Team Pyramid
Reviewer
very Important
Contractor
Employer
Architect
© Dr. Zaid Al-Hamad, 2018

8
People and Organizations
(2) The Employer
9
1. The Employer
- Definition
- Synonyms:
THE EMPLOYER
- sponsor: investor in the project
- owner: ultimate owner of the building -- possessor; proprietor.
- client: client for the professionals -- dependent (‫)معتمد‬
- customer: more used in IT projects -- inhabited (‫)معتاد‬
- FIDIC uses the term “employer”- (employer by contract)

- PMBOK uses the term “sponsor”
- The employer is usually the ultimate initiator of the construction

project.
10
FIDIC
• FIDIC forms of contract:
• International Federation of Consulting Engineers.
• standard forms of contract for civil engineering projects, which
are used globally.
• Founded in 1913.
• The FIDIC ‘Rainbow Suite’ of New Contracts was published in

1999 and includes:
• the Red Book: Conditions of Contract for Construction for Building
and Engineering Works Designed by the Employer;
• the Yellow Book: Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design-Build;
• the Silver Book: Conditions of Contract for EPC/Turnkey Projects;
• the Green Book: Conditions of Short Form of Contract.
11
1. The Employer
- Sample Organization Structure
The Employer
- All other consultancy and execution teams are
ultimately working for the employer.
The Project
Manager
- Example of a contractual structure for a usual
construction project: The
Architectural The Contractor Other Expertise
Consultant
Sub-consultants Subcontractors
12
1. The Employer
- Employer-Architect Relationship
- Architects must have employers before they can practice.
- Relationships with the client are of high importance.

- A healthy relationship and complete confidence between the architect and the client leads to a
successful project.
- Understanding the needs of his employer is the first mission of an architect, so that he could
interpret them into a Project Brief (Program of Requirements).
- Client agent: is the role of the architect in several occasions; such as technical negotiations and
certifying payments. The skills and the efficiency of an architect lead to the amount of investment
by the employer, and whether he would be satisfied.
13
1. The Employer
- Architect Selection
How does the client select an architect for the first time?
- He could have obtained a list of suitable architects from the
client services of professional bodies (e.g. RIBA, JEA).
- Referring to a previous building by the architect.
- A recommendation by a mutual friend.
- A recommendation by a professional.
- A rare specialty of the architect.
- By an open competition.
- By legal and ethical PR by the architect.
14
Low High
1. The Employer
- Architect Selection Matrix Aggrieved Aggrieved
Loyal - Devoted
Disaffected Disaffected
High
Expectations vs. Experience
Disappointed Dissatisfied Dormant Loyal+
Expectations
Customer reactions to the provided
services, and the actions
recommended by the service Draining Delighted
provider.
Low
Action recommended Disinterested Surprised
urgent action (high risk)
15
short-run action
Experience
long-run action
satisfactory (low risk)
1. Employer
- Categorization of the Employers
Several theories categorized employers (customers), where they approached

them on several basis, such as:
• The Personality.
• The Orientation.
• The Loyalty.
16
1. Employer
- The Employer Individual Personalities
Dominant
(director)
Types of employers’
personalities:
Types of
• Dominant Analytical Relator
(thinker)
Employers (belonging)
• Analyzer
• Relator
• Expressive
Expressive
(socializer)
17
1. Employer open
relationships
- Employer Personalities
Relator Expressive
(personable) (relationship focused) Architect
cooperative, practical, responsible,

prepared, calm, sympathetic, compassionate, risk taker,
supportive, disciplined, affirmative imaginative, enthusiastic, dreamer,
‫عالقة‬ , good listener, observant, slow encourager, confident, supportive, ‫تواصل‬
Relate and easy fast-paced Approach
indirect direct
slow-paced fast-paced
Thinker Dominant
(detail oriented) (goal oriented)
organized, methodical, efficient, dominant, focused, competitive,
perfectionist, introverted, focused, assertive, spontaneous, quick, little
thorough, thoughtful, intellectual, concern for relationships, fast-
‫تخطيط‬ paced and decisive ‫ثقة‬
Planning
slow and cautious
Confidence 18
Professional Practice- ZH reserved 4/30/2023
relationships
1. Employer
- The Four Major Client Types (Individuals or Firms)
• Traditional client- is usually an individual or
organization building a one-time project with no in-
house building expertise.
• Developer client- offers building process management.
• Turnkey client- a complete project being turned over to
the owner by a single entity that is responsible for
designing and constructing the project.
• Design/build client- the fixed-cost restraints imposed
by the designer/builder and accepted by the owner.
19
1. Employer
- The Employers Orientation
Cost oriented Value oriented Technology oriented
20
1. Employer
- The Employers Loyalty
These are segmented into groups based on their position in the sales funnel, as
following:
- Potential customer
- New customer
- Impulsive customer
- Discount customer
- Loyal customer
c u s t o m e r s
Potential New Impulsive Discount Loyal
21
1. Employer
-Types of the Employers Employer
Types
Permanent Temporary
Self Employed
Employers Employers
Private Sector Individual D&B Real Estate

Governmental Additions
Investors Private Contracts Development
examples
Real Estate
Sub-Contracts Conservation
Developers
Joint Ventures Maintenance

22
1. Employer
- Employer Assistants
EMPLOYER
ASSISTANTS For technical support, especially in large projects, it became necessary for employers to
appoint technical assistants.
These would represent his interests regarding the technical and financial sides of the projects.
The popular technical representatives are:

- THE PROJECT MANAGER (Scope, Time and Cost)
- THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR (Financial support)
- SITE INSPECTOR
23
1. Employer Assistants/ Project Manager
- The Project Manager
 Project managers ensure that a project is completed :
PROJECT - on time
MANAGER - within budget
- the project's objectives are met
- everyone else is doing their job properly.
 Projects are usually separate to usual day-to-day business activities and require a group
of people to work together to achieve a set of specific objectives.
 Project managers oversee the project to ensure

- the desired result is achieved, (scope)
- the most efficient resources are used and (cost+time)
- the different interests involved are satisfied. (quality+time)
24
1. Employer Assistants/ Project Manager
- Typical Employers of the Project Manager
 Construction companies
 Architects
 Software producers
 Commercial retailers
 Engineering firms
 Manufacturers
 Public sector organizations
25
1.1. Employer Assistants/ Project Manager
Qualifications & Skills of the Project Manager
Selected Qualifications & Training Selected Skills
• Management and leadership skills
• Significant body of experience in the • Team working skills
appropriate field. • Well-developed interpersonal skills
• Membership of a professional or • Communication skills
chartered body. • Ability to motivate people
• Some professional bodies (such as PMI • Organizational skills
and APM) offer industry recognized • Analytical skills
qualifications. • Numeracy skills
• Commercial awareness
• A driving license.
• Diplomacy
26
PMP
27
1.1. People
Quantity Surveyor (QS)
THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
QUANTITY
SURVEYOR
- He provides what can be called (Project Cost
Management).
- In the UK, the QS should be licensed by the RICS

(Royal Institute of Charted Surveyors) to be considered
appropriate to practice the profession.
28
1.1. People
- Traditional role was to prepare BOQ (Bill of
Quantity), interim certificates and final accounts for
the client.
- His roles developed in the 1960s to include:

- Cost planning
- Value engineering related services
- Strategic planning
29
1.1. People
Roles:
- Preliminary cost estimation.
- Cost planning
- Contractual procurement.
- Tendering strategy and procedures.
- Assist to prepare contractual documents.
- Evaluation of tender offers.
- Cash flow forecasting, and certifying interim
payments.
- Final accounting.
- Involvement in settling contractual disputes.
- Cost advise during use by the client. 30
1.1. People
31
1.1. People
Master Format 16-Divisions
• Introduced by the CSI (Construction Specifications

Institute) Very Important
• Before 2004, Master Format was composed of 16 divisions.
• It is divided into sub-divisions in order to cover the various
items of construction projects as much as possible.
• Because of the growing complications of construction
projects, the Master Format 50-Divisions was introduced in
2004.
• Master Format (16-Devisions) is still employed by
professionals, however less than before.
32
Subdivisions of Master Format 16-Divisions (CSI)
General Requirement Site Construction Concrete Masonry Metals Wood and Plastics Thermal and Doors and Windows
01200 Price & Payment Procedures 02050 Basic Site Materials 03050 Basic Concrete Materials 04050 Basic Masonry Materials 05050 Basic Metal Materials 06050 Basic Wood & Plaster 08050 Basic Door & Window Materials
01400 Quality Control: Testing & 02100 Site 03100 Concrete Forms & Accessories 04400 Stone 05100 Structural Metal Framing 06100 Rough Carpentry Moisture Protection 08100 Metal Doors & Frames
Surveying Remediation/Demolition/Abatement 03200 Concrete Reinforcement 04800 Masonry Assemblies 05200 Metal Joists 06200 Finish Carpentry 07050 Basic Thermal & Moisture 08200 Wood & Plastic Doors
01500 Temporary Facilities & Controls 02200 Site Preparation 03300 Cast-in-Place Concrete 05300 Metal Deck 06400 Architectural Woodwork Protection Mat 08300 Specialty Doors
01800 Facility Operation / 02300 Earthwork 03400 Precast Concrete 05400 Cold-Formed Metal Framing 06600 Plastic Fabrications 07100 Dampproofing & Waterproofing 08400 Entrances & Storefronts
Maintenance 02400 Tunneling, Boring & Jacking 03500 Cementitious Decks & 05500 Metal Fabrications 07200 Thermal Protection 08500 Windows
02450 Foundation & Load-bearing Underlayment 05700 Ornamental Metal 07300 Shingles, Roof Tiles & Roof 08600 Skylights
Elements 03600 Grouts 05800 Expansion Control Coverings 08700 Hardware
02500 Utility Services 03900 Concrete Restoration & 05900 Metal Restoration 07400 Roofing & Siding Panels 08800 Glazing
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
02600 Drainage & Containment Cleaning 07500 Membrane Roofing 08900 Glazed Curtain Wall
02700 Bases, Ballasts, Pavements & 07600 Flashing & Sheet Metal
Appurtenances 07700 Roof Specialties & Accessories
02800 Site Improvements & Amenities 07800 Fire & Smoke Protection
02900 Landscaping / Irrigation 07900 Joint Sealers
Finishes Specialties Equipment Furnishings Special Constr’n Conveying Systems Mechanical/ Plumbing Electrical
09050 Basic Finish Materials 10100 Visual Display Boards 11010 Maintenance Equipment 12050 Fabrics 13010 Air-Supported Structures 14100 Dumbwaiters 15050 Basic Mechanical Materials 16050 Basic Electrical Materials
09100 Metal Support Assemblies 10150 Compartments & Cubicles 11020 Security & Vault Equipment 12100 Art 13020 Building Modules 14200 Elevators 15100 Building Services Piping 16100 Wiring Methods
09200 Plaster Gypsum Board 10200 Louvers & Vents 11030 Teller & Service Equipment 12300 Manufactured Casework 13030 Special Purpose Rooms 14300 Escalators & Moving Walks 15200 Process Piping 16200 Electrical Power
09300 Tile 10240 Grilles & Screens 11040 Ecclesiastical Equipment 12400 Furnishings & Accessories 13080 Sound, Vibration & Seismic 14400 Lifts 15300 Fire Protection Piping 16300 Transmission & Distribution
09400 Terrazzo 10260 Wall & Corner Guards 11050 Library Equipment 12500 Furniture 13090 Radiation Protection 14500 Material Handling 15400 Plumbing Fixtures & Equipment 16400 Low-Voltage Distribution
09500 Ceilings 10270 Access Flooring 11060 Theater & Stage Equipment 12600 Multiple Seating 13100 Lightning Protection 14600 Hoists & Cranes 15500 Heat-Generation Equipment 16500 Lighting
09600 Flooring 10290 Pest Control 11070 Instrumental Equipment 12700 Systems Furniture 13110 Cathodic Protection 14700 Turntables 15600 Refrigeration Equipment 16700 Communications
09700 Wall Finishes 10300 Fireplaces & Stoves 11080 Registration Equipment 12700 systems Furniture 13120 Pre-Engineered Structures 14800 Scaffolding 15700 Heating, Ventilating & Air 16800 Sound & Video
09800 Acoustical Treatment 10340 Manufactured Exterior 11090 Checkroom Equipment 12800 Interior Plants & Planters 13150 Swimming Pools 14900 Transportation Conditioning Equipment
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
09900 Paints & Coatings 10350 Flagpoles 11100 Mercantile Equipment 12900 Furnishings Repair & 13160 Aquariums 15800 Air Distribution
10400 Identification Devices 11110 Commercial Laundry & Dry Restoration 13165 Aquatic Park Facilities 15900 HVAC Instrumentation &
10450 Pedestrian Control Devices 11120 Vending Equipment 13170 Tubs & Pools Controls
10500 Lockers 11130 Audio Visual Equipment 13175 Ice Rinks 15950 Testing, Adjusting & Balancing
10520 Fire Protection Specialties 11140 Vehicle Service Equipment 13185 Kennels & Animal Shelters
10550 Postal Specialties 11150 Parking Control Equipment 13190 Site-Constructed Incinerators
10600 Partitions 11160 Loading Dock Equipment 13200 Storage Tanks
10670 Storage Shelving 11170 Solid Waste Handling 13220 Filter Underdrains & Media
10700 Exterior Protection 11190 Detention Equipment 13230 Digester Covers &
33
10750 Telephone Specialties 11200 Water Supply & Treatment Eq 13240 Oxygenation Systems
10800 Toilet, Bath & Laundry 11280 Hydraulic Gates & Valves 13260 Sludge Conditioning Systems 4/30/2023 Professional Practice- ZH
Accessories 11300 Fluid Waste Treatment & 13280 Hazardous Material
1.1. People
Site Inspector
- Synonyms:
Site - Site Inspector,
Inspector - Quality Auditor,
- Clerk of Works.
- He represents the interests of the employer or

the architect in regard to ensuring that the
quality of both materials and workmanship
are in accordance with the design information
such as specification and engineering
drawings, in addition to recognized quality
standards.
34
(2) The Consultant (Architect)
35
2. Architect
- Introduction
• Within the construction industry; he is the side that is liable to provide

professional data/information/reports during the project procedures.
• Traditionally, the Architect is the ultimate consultant for the business.
36
2. Architect
- Role
- The Architect designs, and oversees the construction works.
- He is dependent on other teams, that can interpret his designs, to:

- Involve the specialized services.
- Finalize the construction documents.
- Execute the building.
37
2. Architect
- Knowledge
 Architects are qualified to design buildings and manage their construction
works. So they must posses knowledge in:
- Theory (knowledge)
- Practice (skills) Investor
 Knowledge:
- Thorough in building material and construction technologies.
- Overall understanding of other systems (structural, mechanical and
electrical…) Architectural
 Skills: Coordination
- Coordination
- Management User Community
 The designer architect must combine science (to produce a structure), art (to
introduce aesthetic product), and practicality (to organize functional
requirements).
 Coordinate between the needs of the investor (economy), the user (interior
functionality) and the community (culture). 38
2. Architect
- Professions
• In the current practice; the most noticeable consultants in the practice of

environmental organization and spatial design are:
• The Architect
• The Urban Planner
• The Landscape Consultant
• The Interior Designer
• Currently in Jordan, the Architect and the Urban Planner are the most common
professional lines.
39
2. Architect
- Supporting Team
- The other members who shall be included in the design, may include:
OTHER
CONSULTANTS
- Other spatial designers:
- Landscape Architects
- Interior designers
- Structural Engineers
- Service Engineers
- Specialists and Experts.

40
2. Architect
- Other Spatial Design Consultants
- Other spatial designers are usually involved in the architect’s
work, such as:
- Landscape design
- The owners with an outdoor space to their buildings are
becoming more aware of obtaining a design options for these
spaces.
- This starts from requesting the architect to provide it or to hire a
separate designer for that purpose.
- Interior Design
- An architect is usually expected to provide interior design (ID)
services for the indoor spaces. However it is usual that some
owners request the contribution of an outside ID specialist.
- The ID outcome directly affects the MEP design. 41
2. Architect
- Structural Engineer
- Structural Engineers:
- Ground conditions
- Structure
- He provides advice, specifications, design and supervision of the
works.
- In the design phase:
- Needed partly in the Concept Design stage
- Full contribution is required in the Detailed Design stage.
- Supervision:
- Required fully until the skeleton is completed.
- Partial services are usually determined until the finish of the
project.
42
2. Architect
- Service Engineers
- Service Engineers (MEP):
- Mainly the ELECTRICAL and MECHANICAL fields.
- Electricity: Power, Lighting, Communication, IT…
- Mechanical: Plumbing, HVAC, Sewage…
- They provide advice, specifications, quotations from suppliers,
design and supervision of the works.
- In the design phase:
- Needed partly in the Concept Design stage.
- Full contribution is required in the Detailed Design stage.
- They work closely with the Interior Designers.
- Supervision:
- Required partially until the skeleton is completed, to follow up
the basic fixtures for electricity, plumbing and HVAC.
- Partial services are usually determined until the finish of the
project. 43
2. Architect
- Specialist Consultants
SPECIALIST
- Examples:
- Acoustic design
- Theatre design
Building Process, in (ed. Merritt & Ricketts) Building Design and

Construction Handbook (Sixth Edition). New York, McGraw-Hill.
- Research building design
* Alan D. Hinklin (2001) The Building Team—Managing the

- Hospital design
- Sport buildings design
The list of specialist designers is endless, some may require

experts in certain professions in complicated projects.
44
2. Architect
- Engineers’ Deployment in a Sample Project
Project Phases Studies Design Bidding Construction

Stages Feasibility POR Concept Preliminary Detail Evaluation & Excavation Skeleton Fittings Finishes
Discipline Contract
Project Manager C F F F F F F F F F
Architect 0 F F F F C C P C F
Structural Eng. 0 0 0 P F C F F P C
MEP Eng’s 0 0 0 P F C 0 P F P
Urban Planner 0 0 C C C C 0 0 0 0
Landscape 0 0 C C P C 0 0 P F
Interior Design 0 0 C C P C 0 0 F F
F- Full time
P- Pat time
C- Advice 45
(3) The Contractor
46
3. Contractor
- Definition
- The executor of the construction project.
CONTRACTOR - He is the side that stabilizes the quality of the construction outcome if he is
qualified to execute the project.
- Size of contractors vary, with the bulk of the value of works going to the
large contractors.
- Most contractor firms are limited companies, while some are public
47
3. Contractor
- Selection
- Selection is done according the procurement policy of the employer, either by one of
the following methods:
- Competitive Bidding:
- Informal Competitive Bidding
- Negotiated Contracting
48
2. Contractor
- Contractor’s Technical Capabilities
- Once the decision to develop a project internally is made, the employer should review the
capabilities of individual contracting firms that meet the employer's general needs.
- In the average; selecting a contractor requires several qualities and capabilities that employer
should look for, including:
- Previous similar project experience.
- A successful project track record.
- In-house resources (e.g., engineering, finance, operation),
- Experience with permitting.
- Information about qualifications (reports, brochures, and project descriptions, discussions with references,
other employers, and engineers).
- Potential warning signs (such as: lawsuits, disputes with owners, lack of operating projects, and failed
projects).
- Published information (obtained from: researching trade literature, through legal information services, and
through computer research services).
49
2. Contractor
- Criteria for Contractors’ Prequalification and Bid Evaluation*
FINANCIAL Financial stability.

Credit rating.
SOUNDNESS Banking arrangements and bonding.
Financial status.
TECHNICAL Experience.
Plant and equipment.
ABILITY Personnel.
Ability.
MANAGEMENT Past performance and quality.
Project management organization
CAPABILITY Experience of technical personnel.
Management knowledge.
HEALTH AND Safety
Experience modification rating.
SAFETY OSHA Incident rate.
Management safety accountability.
REPUTATION Past failures.
Length of time in business. 50
Past owner/contractor relationship.
Professional Practice- ZH Other relationships. 4/30/2023
2. Contractor
- Subcontractors
SUBCONTRACTORS - The subcontractor is sublet by the main contractor to provide specific

works of the construction project.
- The main contractor is stays liable to the employer for any defects of
the subcontractor’s works.
- Subcontractors could be of three types:

- Nominated
- Named
- Domestic
- The existence of any subcontractor in the jobsite should be in accordance

with the contract’s provisions.
51
2. Contractor
- Subcontractors
- Nominated
- By direct instruction of the architect to the main contractor, approved by
the employer.
- Named
- Chosen by the main contractor, from a list provided by the architect
(names not less than three).
- Domestic
- By sole choice of the main contractor
- Under a sub-contract that is unrelated to the main contract with the
employer.
52
4. Organizations very important
Professional/ Architects- WHO DOES WHAT?
Ser. Service Jordan USA UK
HEAC NAAB RIBA

1 Education Accreditation Higher Education National Architectural Royal Institute of British
Accreditation Commission Accreditation Board Architects
AIA RIBA
2 Practice Prequalification University American Institute of Royal Institute of British
Architects Architects
JEA
Jordanian Engineers NCARB ARB
3 Registration Association National Council of
(Direct registration if the Architects Registration Board Architects Registration Board
University is approved)
54

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20211026

Dr. Zaid F. Al-Hamad ZUJ461 20211

Contents (file 01) 2

- The term architect means the (master builder),

The environment of a given construction project includes two parties:

The Production Team

- In Jordan, they may include:

© Dr. Zaid Al-Hamad, 2018

- FIDIC uses the term “employer”- (employer by contract)

- The employer is usually the ultimate initiator of the construction

• The FIDIC ‘Rainbow Suite’ of New Contracts was published in

- Architects must have employers before they can practice.

- Relationships with the client are of high importance.

Several theories categorized employers (customers), where they approached

cooperative, practical, responsible,

Potential New Impulsive Discount Loyal

Private Sector Individual D&B Real Estate

Joint Ventures Maintenance

The popular technical representatives are:

 Project managers oversee the project to ensure

- In the UK, the QS should be licensed by the RICS

- His roles developed in the 1960s to include:

• Introduced by the CSI (Construction Specifications

- He represents the interests of the employer or

• Within the construction industry; he is the side that is liable to provide

• Traditionally, the Architect is the ultimate consultant for the business.

- The Architect designs, and oversees the construction works.

- He is dependent on other teams, that can interpret his designs, to:

• In the current practice; the most noticeable consultants in the practice of

- Specialists and Experts.

Building Process, in (ed. Merritt & Ricketts) Building Design and

* Alan D. Hinklin (2001) The Building Team—Managing the

The list of specialist designers is endless, some may require

Project Phases Studies Design Bidding Construction

FINANCIAL Financial stability.

SUBCONTRACTORS - The subcontractor is sublet by the main contractor to provide specific

- Subcontractors could be of three types:

- The existence of any subcontractor in the jobsite should be in accordance

Ser. Service Jordan USA UK

HEAC NAAB RIBA

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