2022 ASU International Conference in Emerging Technologies for Sustainability and Intelligent Systems (ICETSIS)

Immersive Technology Systematic Review and

Challenges
Samah Wael Fujo Moaiad Ahmad Khder Sohail Safdar
Nasser Artificial Intelligence Research Department of Computer Science Information Technology Dept, College
2022 ASU International Conference in Emerging Technologies for Sustainability and Intelligent Systems (ICETSIS) | 978-1-6654-6919-7/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICETSIS55481.2022.9888855

and Development Centre Applied Science University of Information Technology

Nasser Vocational Training Center Bahrain Al Ahlia University
Bahrain moaiad.khder@asu.edu.bh Bahrain
samah.fujo@nvtc.edu.bh ssafdar@ahlia.edu.bh

Abstract - Since the starting of Immersive technologies
field a rapid and continues research done and linked
strongly to different areas of immersive technologies. An
immersive technology systematic literature review (SLR)
is done in this research in variant settings: Tele-
immersive, 3D, gaming, virtual reality, augmented
reality, etc. To address the immersive technologies issues
a wide range of articles had been studied ACM
publications in the period 2008 – 2021 to cover the latest
issues in immersive technologies. Based on exclusion and
inclusion conditions, ninety-three studies were chosen for
the final investigation. This SLR analyzed the
information from the specified research, their
hypothetical, challenges that had been address,
limitations and future work of the studies. Therefore, this
paper specifies the constraints of recent research and
future domain in the field of immersive technologies.
Keywords: immersive technologies, immersive challenges,
immersive future work, quality management, software
engineering.
Literature Review (SLR) approach. Consequently, it exposes
numerous development methods used in building the
immersive technology applications. The SLR conducted
resulted in highlighting the limitations and constraints
associated to the development methods in the given quality
parameters.
II.BACKGROUND
Immersive technology is the innovation that shades the
borders among virtual and physical universe and enables its
clients to increase an encounter of sensing Immersive
inundation. Today immersive technology plays a massive roll
in several fields such as marketing, entertainment, industrial,
manufacturing, product development process and education
[4]. [5].
Early proposition of the strategies to transact with augmented
reality, conceptual techniques including the client, the
computers, and the real environment as appears in Fig.1,
depicted from [6].

I.INTRODUCTION
Immersive technologies linked strongly to the concept of
presence, and these days no way to escape from digital and
virtual worlds which became a main part in daily life. Many
daily activities: learning, communication, gaming and others
are moved to the virtual reality recently. This rapid
development has been addressed frequently by research,
cinematographic and science fiction literature.
The concept of immersive technology is still debatable, but
according to many studies such as: [1], [2]. [3] ”there are
Fig.1. An approach of styles of interaction and interfaces, by Rekimoto and
some factors need to be considered to define the immersive Nagao (1995)
technology, that factors can be summarized as: Real time
(where actions must be done), three dimensional The existing state of interaction display a convoluted
environment, move freely in the environment, and dynamic structure, where many senses are included, as can be shown
environment that can be changed. in Fig.2. depicted from”[7] , and take the subsequent stages
It may be noted that building applications for such to mover further in innovative and factors of human
immersive environments is challenging as it includes various investigate implemented to virtual reality areas into
technological deficiencies, infrastructural limitations, human consideration.
factors, error reduction, platform compatibility, bandwidth
sufficiency and real time coverage.
This research is aimed to conduct a thorough review about
advancements in immersive technologies using Systematic

978-1-6654-6919-7/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE 186

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 2022 ASU International Conference in Emerging Technologies for Sustainability and Intelligent Systems (ICETSIS)
Fig.2. VR and immersive environments by Rubio-Tamayo, Gertudix, Garcia
(2017)
III.OBJECTIVES
This research is aiming to:
• Search deeply in the immersive technologies to define
the up-to-date state of immersive technologies.
• Explore the development methods in immersive
technologies.
• Contributing to describing the challenges in immersive
technologies application building.
• Explore quality management aspects in immersive
technologies research.
IV. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This research is relied on a SLR which highlights status
of immersive technologies in different studies and knowledge
fields. The literature is searched from ACM digital library
majorly, and many other resources such as google scholar,
IEEE, springer etc. The focus is given to years from 2008 to
2021 in order to find the most relevant articles in terms of
evolution of immersive technologies and their underlying
applications.
In this regard, relevant key strings are devised from the
domains of virtual reality, real time systems, modern sensors,
4th industrial revolution etc. The key strings are used to
search from literature primarily from ACM and other useful
libraries. Inclusion and exclusion criteria are established to
filter the articles that are less relevant to the topic in focus.
The research methodology for this study is shown in Fig.3.
Fig.3. Systematic Literature Review Research Method
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The immersive technologies systematic literature review also
involves exploring the concept of immersive technologies,
the factors and attributes of immersive technologies, some of
the most relevant are:
• What are the application and projects of immersive
technologies?
• What are the limitations of immersive technologies?
• What is the future work for immersive technologies?
• How the possibilities of overcome the challenges in
immersive technologies could be explored?
5. Results and Discussion
Most of the research articles in immersive technologies fields
are focusing on the applications and projects of: Tele-
immersive, 3D, visualization, HCI, Virtual
Reality/augmentation, Environment, medical, big data/cloud
computing and gaming. The percentage of each one of the
fields is shown in Fig.4.
Fig.4. Research fields in Immersive technologies 2008 – 2021
A. Virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR)
Virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and extended reality
(ER) have all sparked interest throughout the globe[8] provides
various examples of real-world applications and speculations on
how the technology could progress. These technologies aren't a
fleeting trend; they'll likely affect the human experience in terms of
social, economic, and technical aspects in the coming years.
[9]. studied the relation among immersive technologies (AR, VR,
and Mixed Reality (MR)), including their drivers and trends, some
use cases relevant to the manufacturing and utility industries, and
the approach for developing immersive technologies applications.
Moreover, [10] provide a literature based on Immersive technology,
which are VR, AR, and MR integrating with Building Information
Modelling (BIM) in the AEC sector. The immersive technologies,
encompassing VR, AR, and MR, have shown enormous advantages
in the design, construction, and management of AEC projects. This
review offered research on the degree of integration of immersive
technologies with BIM in the AEC sector. It used a variety of
analytic methodologies to provide the literature landscape for
immersive technologies in a way that academics and industry
experts can understand.
[4] conducted a survey report that looks at the possible uses of
immersive technology, as well as the benefits and downsides that
should be addressed before integrating it into the workplace.
Today, AR and VR have a revolutionary influence on research lines,
with multiple scientific applications and academic domains. [11]
 2022 ASU International Conference in Emerging Technologies for Sustainability and Intelligent Systems (ICETSIS)
provide a common knowledge of existing and future Immersive
Technology uses in the education industry.
B. Tele-immersive (TI)
Tele-immersive (TI) is playing a very big role in the immersive
technology research, [12], [13] discussed the synchronization of
multi-source heterogeneous streams, transmission and rendering of
3D, where [14], [15],focused on the mobility in Tele-immersive.
C. Visualization
Another two main areas of immersive technologies research are:
visualization and Virtual Reality/Augmented,[16].covered the
modelling in visualization and VR,[17]. focused on air traffic
control and management,[18]. Digital Humanities [19]. highlighted
the visualization of scientific and engineering data[20],[21]
explored the analytical reasoning for medicine. [22] explained -
future interaction technologies for data analytics,[23] focused on the
public participation in the planning process for the inclusive and
democratic development of our cities[24]dynamic touch interactions
in augmented reality unquestionably advantage students' basic
thinking and spatial representation in muscle relationships and
learning motor nerve and, [13].
lessons gained from designing for multi-touch, to highlight issues
that may also stand out in augmented reality and virtual reality
investigation, [25]. what is the impact of living in a virtual
environment would on human beings, [26]. analyzing user
experiences in immersive virtual environments, [27]. making cities
more engaging and to help design the cities of the
future[28].Potential of an augmented reality environment for
multidimensional collaborative analysis,[29]- set of group
prototyping sessions, aimed at identifying new approaches to
existing design challenge, [5] Research in a variety of fields,,
including healthcare, business, marketing, and education.
D. Medical
The medical field took part also in the research interests, where [30]
explored Medical Simulation and Training Centers, and [21]
focused in the analytical reasoning.
E. Environemnt
Few articles explored the environment, [31]Automatic
cinematography for 3D environments, [17]. Air Traffic Control and
Management, and [32]making cities more engaging and to help
design the cities of the future.
F. Human Computer Interaction (HCI)
Human Computer Interaction (HCI) covered in some articles, [16]
modelling, [33]cognitive user point of view,[34]. a presentation
accompanies the notion of immersive technologies [35] experiences
of presence and visual comfort.
G. 3D and Gaming
In addition to that the articles covered two main topics: 3D, and
gaming,[35].experiences of presence and visual
comfort,[14],Synchronization , [36].Creating, transmitting and
rendering 3D, [37] - 3D entertainment experiences, and [28].
collaborative analysis of multidimensional , [38] Investigate
whether changing the level of challenge in a video game affects the
immersion experience of people , [39] informs players about
remaining hit points through a tactile heartbeat. wearable devices,
[40] We contend that a better understanding of the different
perspectives to empathic engagement - the observer, partaker, and
victim - and the gap between realities can be insightful, [40]. explore
persuasive game design, [14]covered the mobility issue, [41]
investigate the relative contribution of game demand and display
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type, and [42] investigate the experience of computer game
immersion, in particular the component “real world dissociation.
H. Big data/cloud computing
The last topic selected for this systematic literature review was: big
data/cloud computing, [18] discussed the possibilities of newly
immersive interactive technologies in the field of Digital
Humanities (DH) and in particular using big data and cloud
computing. The summary of the articles corresponding to the
selected topic are shown in table 1.
TABLE I. SUMMARY OF THE INCLUDED ARTICLES
Research Topic No. of articles selected
Tele-immersive 3
3d 7
visualization 8
HCI 5
VR, AR, MR 18
Environment 3
Medical 4
Big data/cloud computing 1
Gaming 7
Education 1
VR, AR, and XR are words that are often interchanged.
However, their inherent technological distinctions,
limitations, and application possibilities must be properly
appreciated. These technologies, taken together, are pushing
the envelope in how we generate and experience content,
enabling consumers to be engaged in a virtual environment
rather than simply watching it on a 2D screen. As a result,
they're sometimes lumped together under the umbrella phrase
"immersive technology." A better understanding of their
advantages and limits is required to prevent the danger of
over-promising and under-delivering [8]. Limitations and
challenges in immersive technologies are expected to be
varied depending on the research or application type. Many
limitations and challenges were addressed by different
articles: [33] the immersive dimension (i.e., immersive-ness)
of the environments, [17], the physical and digital world in
particular the challenges in aircraft traffic control systems.
[18]explores the challenge of applying big data in digital
humanities and in the analysis of humanities data in term to
enable the insights and visualization, [14] identify the
challenge of Synchronization in 3D teleimmersion, [13]
Drawing analogy from multitouch[19] discuss the translation
of engineering CAD significant complexity data into a usable
model , [43] discuss deeply different challenges for
immersive technologies and software engineering, [21]
identified the main challenge as the ability of design,
analyzing, designing, interpreting medical data, [22].
immersive analytics in industry and research, [14], [15] the
portability in 3D teleimmersive, [41] cognitive challenge,
[42] challenges in gaming, [28]. collaboratively analyzing
abstract data and data analysis scenarios in VR, [29] design
challenges for interaction in immersive analytics.
 2022 ASU International Conference in Emerging Technologies for Sustainability and Intelligent Systems (ICETSIS)
I. Immersive technology and software engineering
Software engineering was one of the challenges that covered by the
research in immersive technologies, where many studies discussed
many aspects of software engineering such as development
methodologies, requirement elicitation, design, testing, and
deployment. In particular, [43] discussed the software engineering
challenges deeply in their study. The study, as shown in the depicted
Fig.5. below, discussed the Immersive technologies approaches for
software engineering and how software engineering traditional
approaches can influence the immersive technologies development
process.
Fig.5. Immersive Approaches for SE, by [43]
The study also addressed some important future work that can
be done to immersive and software engineering:
• Which actions of software engineering presented as uses
cases of immersive and what their impact?
• How to represent the system actions, processes and
groups in the immersive development?
• What are the limits of an immersive technologies
practice in the application development before it becomes
heavily involved?
The study presented three categories that can be an addition
to software engineering in immersive field: Immersive
Engineering, Immersive Intelligence, and Immersive
Introspection.
V. RECOMMENDATIONS
It’s difficult to predict what the future of immersive
technologies will be. There has been a move from a model
where the audience/viewer is handled as a receiver of
substance, to another model which unites frameworks (in
numerous regards heading to be clever) where the listener act
as a maker, recipient and curator of data.
Immersive technology still an open field for research as it’s
still a growing field. The future work or research can be:
include meaningful details of site design and architectural
when 3D used in public planning processes[18].investigate
differences of inter-individual in Immersive Virtual
Environments [33]. educational interventions [24] ‘audience’
roles in immersive experiences [34], usage of translated
digitized full body scans of people into a 3D, virtual image
for impending operation rehearsal [30].factors of presence
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and engagement in immersive[35], collaboration of cross-
disciplinarily to build Digital Humanities development [18].
QoS in immersive[14], extend the experiments period and
different participants in order to get better results in
immersive experiments [25]. adapt some of software tools
that uses the immersive principle [20]. software engineering
and immersive approaches [43] 2D/3D interfaces and data
visualization[21], Live Immersive 3D Entertainment [37]
impact of sensory immersion [41], Multidimensional
interactive data analysis in AR environments [28], future
interaction design and prototyping tools for immersive
analytics applications [29], and the effects of immersive
technology use on user experiences and performance [5]. Its
recommended also to expand the review for immersive
technologies in relation with different fields of data science,
Big Data, IoT, Cyber Security, …etc.[45,46,47].
VI. CONCLUSION
The results of the SLR investigation show the rapid increment
of quantity that is focusing on immersive technologies. Given
that the utilization of immersive technologies is predicted to
turn out to be more progressively in the future, increasingly
exact examinations are highly demanded to hypothesize the
usage of immersive technology impact on clients' practices
and their recital. In addition, Immersive technology can boost
assembly line worker productivity and factory
layout/functionality, as well as provide a more hands-on form
of training. The conclusion is that immersive technology is
the way of the future for smart products development
strategies to implement for employers. Furthermore, AR,
MR, and VR combine digital data with real-world digital
items to immerse students in a virtual environment. A recent
study on augmented reality in education reveals that using
computer-generated sound and sights to change and enhance
real-life education results in higher student engagement,
motivated learning, and improved performance. Mixed
reality combines digital data with physical space and
manipulates it as a tangible item. This research paper
provided a massive help to the researchers to appreciate the
current immersive technologies situation and improve studies
agenda for future seeking.
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