MGT648

RESEARCH METHODS

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOB STRESS JOB

SATISFACTION AMONG PRIVATE SECTOR
EMPLOYEES IN KOTA KINABALU SABAH

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT
CHAPTER 4

Prepared by:
ANIS SAFWANAH BINTI SAUFI
2017554427

Prepared for:
DR. JACQUELINE KOH SIEW LEN BINTI STEPHEN

Date of Submission :
27TH JUNE 2021
 CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
The results and analyses obtained from the online survey questionnaire will be
presented in this chapter. Table of contents There were a total of 165 responses (n=165)
received, and the responses were analyzed using the SSPS program, which included
descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis,
among other things.
To get an understanding of the respondents' demographic profile, descriptive analysis
is utilized. It is necessary to do a Reliability Analysis to determine whether the samples
obtained are genuine. This is done using the Cronbach's Alpha. In this study, correlation
analysis is used to evaluate the relationship between the independent variable and the
dependent variable, Linear Regression Analysis is used to predict the value of a variable
based on the values of two variables. Correlation analysis is used to evaluate the relationship
between the independent variable and the dependent variable in this study.

4.1 Frequency Distribution: Respondent Demography

4.1.1 Gender

Table 1 Gender
Gender
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Male 52 31.5 31.5 31.5
Female 113 68.5 68.5 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0

Figure 1 Gender Percentage

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The gender distribution of the 165 respondents is shown in Table 1 and Figure 1. According
to the results, 31.50 percent of the respondents were male, while the remaining 68.50 percent
were females. According to the findings, the somewhat different percentages of male and
female respondents allow us to study and compare the perspectives of both genders and
make fair conclusions as a consequence of the results.

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4.1.2 Age

Table 2 Age
Age
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid 20 – 25 9 5.5 5.5 5.5
26 – 30 39 23.6 23.6 29.1
31 – 35 34 20.6 20.6 49.7
36 – 40 49 29.7 29.7 79.4
Above 40 34 20.6 20.6 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0

Figure 2 Age Percentage

According to the data in Table 2 and Figure 2, the majority of respondents are between the
ages of 36 and 40, accounting for 29.70 percent (49 respondents), followed by the age group
between 26 and 30 years, with a marginal difference of 6.10 percent (39 respondents).
Following that, the groups over 40 years old and 31-35 years old had the same figure of 20.60
percent (34 respondents). The age group of 20-25 years old accounts for 5.50 percent (9
respondents) of those who answered the survey.

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4.1.3 Marital Status

Table 3 Marital Status

Marital
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Single 67 40.6 40.6 40.6
Married 96 58.2 58.2 98.8
Divorced 2 1.2 1.2 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0

Figure 3 Marital Status Percentage

According to the data above, married respondents account for 58.20 percent of the total,
followed by single respondents who account for 40.60 percent, a fairly significant difference
of just 18.4 percent. Only 1.20 percent of those who answered the survey were divorced.

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 Income
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Less than RM 1,000 11 6.7 6.7 6.7

RM 1,000 - RM 2,000 33 20.0 20.0 26.7

RM 2,100 - RM 3,000 29 17.6 17.6 44.2

Above RM 3,000 92 55.8 55.8 100.0

Total 165 100.0 100.0
4.1.4 Income

Table 4 Income

According to the data in the table and figure above, the category with the highest proportion
of respondents' monthly income is salary over RM 3,000, with 55.80 percent. Following that,
with a monthly salary of RM 1,000-RM 2,000 and a 20 percent increase, there is a significant
difference of 35.80 percent. After that, RM 2,100-RM3,000 with a 17.60 percent. The lowest
monthly income group has a 6.70 percent for those earning less than RM1,000 per month.
This demonstrates that some employers in the private sector continue to pay wages that are

Figure 4 Income Percentage

below the federally mandated minimum wage.

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4.1.5 Sector
Table 5 Sector
Sector
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Tourism 6 3.6 3.6 3.6
Transportation 16 9.7 9.7 13.3
Education 22 13.3 13.3 26.7
Financial & Insurance 24 14.5 14.5 41.2
Food & Beverages 4 2.4 2.4 43.6
Construction 2 1.2 1.2 44.8
Admin 26 15.8 15.8 60.6
Cleaning 1 .6 .6 61.2
Human Resource 2 1.2 1.2 62.4
Health services 16 9.7 9.7 72.1
Professional 2 1.2 1.2 73.3
Utilities 4 2.4 2.4 75.8
Automobile 8 4.8 4.8 80.6
Enforcement 4 2.4 2.4 83.0
Agriculture 6 3.6 3.6 86.7
IT 2 1.2 1.2 87.9
Factory 2 1.2 1.2 89.1
Oil & Gas 4 2.4 2.4 91.5
Consulate general of brunei 1 .6 .6 92.1
darussalam kota kinabalu
Meteorological 1 .6 .6 92.7
Sales 4 2.4 2.4 95.2
Marketing 2 1.2 1.2 96.4
Engineering 1 .6 .6 97.0
Legal 1 .6 .6 97.6
Banking Industry 1 .6 .6 98.2
Fisheries 1 .6 .6 98.8
Property 1 .6 .6 99.4
Foreign Service 1 .6 .6 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0

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 Figure 5 Sector Percentage

Table 5 and figure 5 shows the frequency of respondents’ employment sector. Most of the
respondents are work in Admin industry with 15.80% (26 respondents), followed by the
financial & insurance industry with 14.50% (24 respondents). Next, the third highest is
respondent from education sector with 13.30% (22 respondents). Other than that, health
services and transportation have the same value which is 9.70% (16 respondents). Foreign
service, property, fisheries, banking industry, legal, engineering, meteorological, general
consultation, and cleaning have 0.60% respectively.

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 4.1.6 Job Position
Table 6 : Job Position

JobPosition
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Non-Executive 93 56.4 56.4 56.4
Executive 47 28.5 28.5 84.8
Managerial and above 25 15.2 15.2 100.0

Total 165 100.0 100.0

Figure 6 : Job Position Percentage

From the table and figure above shows the respondent’s job position. Majority the
respondent from the Non- executive group with 56.40% represent 93 respondents,
followed by the executive group with the percentage less 27.50% from the majority.
The lowest is manager and above group with 15.20% represent 25 respondents.

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4.2 Scale Measurement

4.2.1 Reliability Analysis

The Cronbach's Alpha test is used to determine whether multiple-question likert scale
surveys are reliable. (Lavrakas, 2008). In the context of internal consistency reliability
estimation, Cronbach's Alpha is the technique that is most frequently employed. The
capacity of a measuring device to provide precise and consistent results is referred to
as reliability. The Cronbach's Alpha value 0.8 and value equal or more than 0.6 is
acceptable, and the higher the value of the Cronbach's Alpha, the better the internal
consistency of the data set. In cases when the Cronbach's Alpha value is less than 0.6,
the internal consistency is likely to be weak, dubious, and unsatisfactory.

Table 7 : Summary of Scale Reliability Analysis (n=165)

Variables N of Items Cronbach's Alpha

j_stres Job Stress 13 0.942

j_satis Job Satisfaction 5 0.616

Table 7 summarizes the results of the scale reliability study for each variable
examined. According to the results, the Cronbach's alpha ranges from 0.616 (j_satis)
to 0.942 (j_stres), which are excellent values, indicate that the items in the test are
related with one another. Item j_satis1 and j_satis7 were removed from the list are due
to not relevant and cause to have lower Cronbach’s Alpha rate.

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4.2.2 Correlation

Correlations are used in statistics to demonstrate the connection between two

quantitative variables, with the assumption that the association is linear in nature. The
coefficient of correlation, denoted by the letter r, or the Pearson correlation
coefficient, is used to determine the strength of the connection between two variables.
This is a measure of the strength of the linear connection between two variables.
If the value of Sig.2-tailed (p value) is less than 0.05, it indicates that the
connection between two variables is statistically significant, and if the value is more
than 0.01 indicates that the link is more significant. If the correlation coefficient value
(r) is positive, it indicates that the two variables, the independent variable (IV) and the
dependent variable (DV), have a positive connection. If the correlation coefficient
value (r) is negative, the opposite is true. It is a high correlation if the r value is closer
to 1.0 (Hair, 2003).

Table 8 : Pearson Correlation Analysis

j_stres j_satis

j_stres 1
**
j_satis 0.661 1

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Based on the data in Table 8, there is a strong positive connection between the
independent variable (j_stress) and the dependent variable (j_satis), with values of
r=0.661, p>0.01, and p= 0.000.

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4.2.3 Descriptive Analysis

Table 9 : Descriptive Statistics

Mean Std. Deviation N

j_stres 2.8685 0.94406 165

j_satis 2.212 0.69798 165

Table 9 summarizes the independent and dependent variables that were assessed in this
research. These characteristics and dimensions are assessed using a five-point Likert Scale,
with the first option being (1) strongly disagree, the second being (2) disagree, the third being
(3) neutral, the fourth being (4) agree, and the fifth being (5) strongly agree.

Job Stress (j stres) has the highest mean at 2.8685, which is close to the ‘Disagree'
scale. It demonstrates that the majority of those who answered the survey chose to
disagree with job stress scale which means most of them are stressed with their work.

Additionally, the standard deviation is used to evaluate the consistency of answers on

both the independent and dependent variables. A lower standard deviation number
indicates more consistency in the responses of respondents to the variables under
consideration. According to the data in the table above, the lowest standard deviation for
Job Satisfaction (j satis) is 0.69798. This indicates that respondents were dissatisfied with
their current job.

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4.2.4 Linear Regression Analysis

Coefficients

Standardized
Unstandardized Coefficients Coefficients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
1 (Constant) 1.318 .131 10.055 .000
Mean_Jstres .489 .043 .661 11.259 .000

a. Dependent Variable: Mean_Jsatis

Model Summary
Std. Error of the
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Estimate
1 .661 a
.437 .434 .52510
a. Predictors: (Constant), Mean_Jstres

ANOVA
Sum of
Model Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 34.952 1 34.952 126.761 .000b
Residual 44.944 163 .276
Total 79.896 164
a. Dependent Variable: Mean_Jsatis
b. Predictors: (Constant), Mean_Jstres

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 Tests were conducted on the linear regression coefficients to determine whether
or not the variables were statistically significant (see Table 10). A very significant
linear regression coefficient may be inferred if the p-value for the output is more than
0.010. Job stress (j_stres) has a statistically significant relationship with the dependent
variable, as shown in Table 10 (see above). When it comes to work satisfaction, job
stress has a chain effect.

The summary of the model for linear regression is shown in Table 11. It shows
that the adjusted R2 is 0.434, with the R2=0437.The linear regression explains 43.4
percent of the variation in data that can be anticipated from the variables, which is
very impressive. The R2 number is always in the range of 0 to 1. According to Cohen's
Rule, the effect size of this model summary is 0.434, which is deemed to be of
medium size. The F value must be higher than one, which in this research is 126.761,
indicating that the study was successful.

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4.2.5 Hypothesis Testing

Construct Hypothesis Result

H1 : There is significant relationship between job stress and Supported

job satisfaction.

Table 11 : Findings Summary

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