Dolphins

Dolphins are regarded as the friendliest creatures in the sea and stories of them helping
drowning sailors have been common since Roman times. The more we learn about
dolphins, the more we realize that their society is more complex than people previously
imagined. They look after other dolphins when they are ill, care for pregnant mothers and
protect the weakest in the community, as we do. Some scientists have suggested that
dolphins have a language but it is much more probable that they communicate with each
other without needing words. Could any of these mammals be more intelligent than man?
Certainly the most common argument in favor of man's superiority over them that we can
kill them more easily than they can kill us is the least satisfactory. On the contrary, the
more we discover about these remarkable creatures, the less we appear superior when we
destroy them.

1. It is clear from the passage that dolphins ----.

A) don't want to be with us as much as we want to be with them
B) are proven to be less intelligent than once thought
C) have a reputation for being friendly to humans
D) are the most powerful creatures that live in the oceans
E) are capable of learning a language and communicating with humans

2. The fact that the writer of the passage thinks that we can kill dolphins more easily than
they can kill us ----
A) means that they are better adapted to their environment than we are
B) shows that dolphins have a very sophisticated form of communication
C) proves that dolphins are not the most intelligent species at sea
D) does not mean that we are superior to them
E) proves that Dolphins have linguistic skills far beyond what we previously thought

3. One can infer from the reading that ----.

A) dolphins are quite abundant in some areas of the world
B) communication is the most fascinating aspect of the dolphins
C) dolphins have skills that no other living creatures have such as the ability to think
D) it is not usual for dolphins to communicate with each other
E) dolphins have some social traits that are similar to those of humans

Students learning
One of the major processes that takes place in schools, of course, is that students learn.
When they graduate from high school, many can use a computer, write essays with three-
part theses, and differentiate equations. In addition to learning specific skills, they learn to
think critically, to weigh evidence and to develop independent judgment. The extent to
which this development takes place is related to both school and home environments.
Teachers who are more open to new ideas and less authoritarian produce students who
have greater intellectual flexibility and higher achievement test scores. Studies show that
teachers are most demanding when they are of the same social class as their students.
The greater the difference between their own social class and that of their pupils, the more
rigidly they structure their classrooms and the fewer demands they place on their students.

1. It is stated in the passage that teachers who are more open to new ideas ----.
A) produce more successful students in terms of test scores and intellectual flexibility
B) often come from a lower social class than their students
C) are more authoritarian towards students
D) discourage intellectual flexibility in schools
E) give students more homework

2. We learn from the reading that when students graduate from high school ----.
A) none of them are able to think critically
B) they can take the overall responsibility of anything
C) all of them have a good knowledge of computer usage
D) many of them have gained specific skills like writing essays and differentiating
equations
E) most of them lack knowledge because of unavailability of ideal learning conditions

3. According to the reading, it is true that ----.

A) teachers who are from a higher social class than their students should be hired
B) it is not so difficult to constitute ideal learning conditions
C) with close supervision every student can get high test scores
D) both the school and home environments greatly influence a student's achievement in
school
E) students learn best in a rigid classroom environment
Alcohol and women infertility
Alcohol consumption may be linked to a women's risk of infertility, say researches
supported by the National Institute of Child Health. In a study of nearly 6000 women,
researchers from the Harvard School of Public Health looked at Data from those evaluated
at seven infertility clinics. After adjusting for other factors that could affect results, such as
age and cigarette smoking, researchers found a strong association between alcohol (more
than the equivalent of seven cans of beer a week) and infertility due to ovulation problems.
The inability to conceive was about 30 percent more likely to occur in women who drank
moderately and about 60 percent more likely in women who drank heavily.

1. The researchers supported by the National Institute of Child Health ----.

A) took care of women who're suffering from alcohol
B) have spent a lot of money on fertility
C) have been victims of infertility
D) said alcohol may affect women's fertility
E) have also worked for Harvard University

2. According to the passage, one can assume that women who are infertile, ----.
A) possibly drink more than seven cans of beer a week
B) are students at Harvard university
C) smoked a lot of cigarettes when they were very young
D) used to go hospitals because of serious problems
E) really don't like babies and some of them hate babies

3. The passage tells us that ----.

A) smoking is not as harmful as alcohol
B) a lot of researches have been done on smoking
C) we are unaware of the side-effects of infertility
D) beer is also a kind of alcohol
E) women who drink heavily have the risk of infertility

IQ, effort and success

Many people with high IQ scores fail to become successful due to lack of motivation,
laziness, or short attention span. In contrast, some people with low IQ succeed with
greater personal dedication, systematic effort, and motivation. One can eliminate the
disadvantage that comes with a low IQ score by choosing the right career path. For
example, one might have special talents for a particular sport while failing to perform as
well as the others academically. This can be justified with greater motivation and
dedication. Individuals will have greater motivation in pursuing careers they are skilled.
They will like it more and put more effort in it. One of the best ways parents can help is to
help their children discover themselves and their skills.

1. Some very intelligent people can have failures because ----.

A) they have short life span
B) they focus on details too much
C) of various factors
D) they are expected to do so by the society
E) most of them have no analytic intelligence at all

2. People with low IQ scores may very well be successful ----.

A) but they lack motivation and personality
B) as they are praised by their teachers
C) since they devote themselves to their tasks and perform a great effort
D) although they have great abilities and intelligence
E) due to the encouragement of their close mates

3. We can infer from the passage that ----.

A) success is not always an indicator of intelligence
B) Western cultures focus on ability as the major determinant of success
C) an athlete can be successful in every sports if he has high IQ scores
D) infants adopted by privileged families tend to have higher IQs
E) talent is the key to a successful career