1. Ventures meters are used for flow measuring.How?

A Venturi meter is used to measure the flow rate through a tube. It is based on the
use of the Venturi effect, the reduction of fluid pressure that results when a fluid runs
through a constricted section of pipe. It is called after Giovanni Battista Venturi
(1746-1822), an Italian physicist.

2. Why the divergent cone is longer than convergent cone in venturi meter?

The divergent part of a Venturi meter is longer than the convergent part to avoid flow
separation. When liquid enters the convergent part in accordance with continuity it
accelerates and retards while passing through the divergent part.

3. Explain why the length of diverging cone is greater than converging cone in venturi
meter?

The diameter of this section is gradually increases. The diverging section has an angle
5 to 15 degree. The diverging angle is less than the converging angle due to this
length of the diverging cone is larger than converging cone due to avoid these losses
proper angle of converging and diverging should be maintained.

4. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of venturi meter with orifice meter

 Advantages of venturi meter

- Less chance of getting stuck with sediment.
- The discharge coefficient is high.
- Its behaviour can be predicted perfectly.

 Disadvantages of venturi meter

- They are large in size and, therefore, where space is limited, they can not be used.
- Initial costs, installation and expensive maintenance.
- Requires a long placement length. That is, the venturi meter must be driven by a
straight tube that has no connections or misalignments to avoid turbulence in the
flow, for satisfactory operation.

 Advantages of orifice meter

- The Orifice is small plates and easy to install and remove.
- Offer very little pressure drop from which 60% to 65% is recovered.
- The orifice meter can be easily maintained.

 Disadvantages of orifice meter

- Its accuracy is affected by the density, pressure and viscosity of the fluid.
- The range of measurement of viscosity limits of fluids.
- It requires straight conduits to ensure accuracy is maintained.
5. Why Cd value is high in venturi meter than orifice meter?

In Venturi meter losses are less so coefficient of discharge is higher whereas in orifice
meter due to no convergent and divergent cones there are more losses and hence its
coefficient of discharge is less.In venturi meter losses are low due to steamline shape
of the diffuser and the pressure gradient is not abrupt as in case of orifice meter.