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Krishna yajurveda sandhyavandanam in sanskrit pdf

The most popular songs from Learn And Recite Yajurveda Sandhya Vandanam are Introduction-Mantras and Morning Sandhya Vandanam.The most popular songs from Learn And Recite Yajurveda Sandhya Vandanam are Introduction-Mantras and Morning Sandhya Vandanam. You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 6 to 11 are not shown in this
preview. Sandhyaavandanam is a daily prayer ritual performed in preparation for conducting subsequent Vedic rituals. The Sandhyaavandanam is performed three times in the day: just before sunrise, at high noon, just after sunset. It is considered a salutation to the Goddess Sandhyaa that presides during the Sandhyaa time, personified in various
forms. Depending on which Veda is followed (Rig, Yajur, Sama, Atharva), the ritual differs in the mantram recitation and the procedures. Furthermore, additional differences arise depending on the various communities, families and individuals that perform the Sandhyaavandanam. As a result the Sandhyaavandanam is a very diverse ritual, and will
perhaps continue to evolve in scope and specific details of performance in the future. My family follows the Yajurveda, and the following article documents the procedure taught to me by my grandfather M Viswanathan, and passed on to me by my father MV Subramanian. Much of the ritual we perform is also found in the book Yajussandhyaa
Bhashyam by P.T. Paani Company, Thiruvallikkeni, Madras (1955) (image shown to the left). Please note that rituals may differ for the reader, and the document is to be used at the reader's discretion. Only the morning (Kaalai) Sandhyaavandanam is specified. The mantram is simultaneously written in Sanskrit (original Vedic text), Tamil (my native
language) and English (most commonly used). Posted on February 17, 2014 by Panchanathan Suresh View all posts by Panchanathan Suresh For the 1983 film, see Sandhya Vandanam (film). This article or section should specify the language of its non-English content, using {{lang}}, {{transl}} for transliterated languages, and {{IPA}} for phonetic
transcriptions, with an appropriate ISO 639 code. Wikipedia's multilingual support templates may also be used. See why. (March 2021) This article may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience. Please help by spinning off or relocating any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may
be against Wikipedia's inclusion policy. (March 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Veda pathashala students doing sandhyavandanam at Nachiyar Kovil, Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu. Sandhyavandanam (Sanskrit: , sandhyāvandanam, lit. 'salutation to (Goddess) Sandhyā' or 'salutation during the time of
Sandhyā') is a mandatory religious ritual supposed to be daily performed, traditionally, by Dvija communities of Hindus,[1][2] particularly those initiated through the sacred thread ceremony referred to as the Upanayanam and instructed in its execution by a Guru, in this case one qualified to teach Vedic ritual.[2] Sandhyopasana is considered as a
path to attain salvation (moksha). Practice of Sandhyā in Ramayana and Mahabharata by Rama and Krishna can be observed. In Balakanda (23.2, 23.2) of Ramayana, Viswamitra wakes Rama and Lakshmana up at the break of the dawn for the worship of sandhyā. In Udyogaparva (82.21) of Mahabharata there is reference to Krishna performing
Sandhya.[3] Definition of Sandhyā Three forms of Sandhyā devata (Brāhmi, Raudri, Vaiṣṇavi) along with Praṇava Rishi. The conjunction of day and night - that time when there are neither stars nor sun - the twilight is called Sandhyā. The word Sandhyā, therefore, secondarily means all those acts to be performed at that particular time as daily
practice. It is defined in smritis as following[4]: 69  As per Vṛddha Yājñavalkya, Sandhyā is a particular devatā, presiding over these portions of the day. The morning is called Gāyatrī (who is white in colour), the mid-day is Sāvitrī (who is red), the evening is named Sarasvatī (who is black or dark blue). According to Mādhava, it is thus called because
this is performed at the time called Sandhyā (i.e. Sandhyākāla). According to Nṛsimha, it is thus called because it is complete meditation.[note 1] According to Vyāsa, it is thus called by men as it is performed during the transition moment (sandhi) of the day such as twilight times of dawn and dusk and solar noon.[note 2] A definition from scriptures is
given below gāyatrī nāma purvāhne sāvatrī madhyame dinesarasvatī ca sāyāhne saiva sandhyā trishu smṛtā[note 3] Thus, the Sandhyāvandanam consists of recitation from the Vedas, accompanied by ritual. These rituals are performed three times a day - at morning (prātassaṃdhyā), noon (mādhyāhnika) and evening (sāyaṃsaṃdhyā). Sir Monier-
Williams offer the meaning of saṃdhyā as juncture of the two divisions of the day (morning and evening) and also defined as "the religious acts performed by Brahmans and twice-born men at the above three divisions of the day".[5] A praise of sandhya devata is given below yā sandhyā sā jagatsūtirmāyātītā hi niṣkalāīśvarī kevalā śaktistattvatraya
samudbhavādhyātvā'rkamaṇḍalagatāṃ sāvitrīṃ vai japedbudhaḥ[6][note 4] Description of Gayatri Main article: Gayatri In Mahanarayana Upanishad[note 5]. of Krishna Yajurveda, Gayatri is described as white-colored (Sanskrit: , śvetavarṇā), having the gotra of sage viswamitra (Sanskrit: , sānkhyāyanasa gotrā),
composed of 24 letters (Sanskrit: , caturviṃśatyakṣarā), three-footed (Sanskrit: , tripadā), six-bellied (Sanskrit: , ṣaṭkukṣiḥ), five-headed (Sanskrit: , pañcaśīrṣaḥ) and the one used in Upanayana of dvijas (Sanskrit: , upanayane viniyogaḥ).[7] Taittirīya Sandhya Bhāṣyam of Sri Krishna
Pandita mentions that the three feet of Gayatri is supposed to represent the first 3 vedas (Ṛk, Yajus, Sāma). The six bellies are supposed to represent 4 cardinal directions, along with the two more directions, Ūrdhva (Zenith) and Adhara (Nadir). The five heads represent 5 among the Vedangas, namely, vyākaraṇa, śikṣā, kalpa, nirukta and jyotiṣa.[8]
Gayatri mantra has 24 letters. They are 1.tat ( ), 2.sa ( ), 3.vi ( ), 4.tur ( ), 5.va ( ), 6.re ( ), 7.ṇi ( ), 8.yaṃ ( ), 9.bhar ( ), 10.go ( ), 11.de ( ), 12.va ( ), 13.sya ( ), 14.dhī ( ), 15.ma ( ), 16.hi ( ), 17.dhi ( ), 18.yo ( ), 19.yo ( ), 20.naḥ ( ), 21.pra ( ), 22.co ( ) 23.da ( ) and 24.yāt ( ). When counting the letters, the word
vareṇyam ( ) is treated as vareṇiyam ( ). But, while chanting, it ought to be chanted as vareṇyam only. Sandhyākāla See also: Hindu units of time Sandhyākāla is the time to perform Sandhyā. Day is divided by 5 parts, each having an interval of 2 hour and 24 minutes. They are prātaḥ-kālaḥ (early morning), pūrvahna (forenoon),
madhyāhna (around noon), aparāhna (afternoon), sāyāhna (evening). As per Hindu traditional calendar, the day[note 6] starts with sunrise (i.e. from midnight of previous night until sunrise is considered part of previous day).[9] Sandhyākāla is totally 72 minutes (i.e. 3 ghaṭīs).[10]: 218  Prātassandhyā spans from two ghaṭīs[note 7] before sunrise and
until one ghaṭī after it. Madhyāhna sandhyā spans from one and half ghaṭī before noon and until one and half ghaṭī after it. Sāyam sandhyā spans from one ghaṭī before sunset and until two ghaṭīs after it. Suppose, sunrise and sunset are 6AM and 6PM, then Prātassandhyā and Sāyamsandhyā times starts from 5.12AM (until 6.24AM) and 5.36PM (until
6.48PM) respectively. Similarly, Madhyāhnasandhyā time starts from 11.24AM (until 12.36PM). In case, it is not possible to do sandhyā in this time, a grace period (gauṇakāla) of 2 hours[note 8] after end of original span (mukhyakāla) of sandhyā is allowed. In other words, Prātassandhyā and Madhyāhnasandhyā and should be finished before onset of
pūrvahna and aparāhna respectively. Likewise, Sāyamsandhyā should be finished before end of pradosha.[note 9] If sunrise and sunset are 6AM and 6PM, then the three sandhyas can be performed until 8.24AM, 1.48PM, 8.24PM, respectively. If that is also exceeded, then Prāyaścitta arghya (i.e. fourth one) has to given. It is recommended by rishis
such as Gautama that sandhyā should be done in time and not be delayed.[note 10] Direction of Sandhyāvandanam Sandhyāvandanam should be done facing the East in the morning sandhyā (doing Gāyatrījapa until sunrise), the North in the noon and the West in the evening sandhyā (doing Gāyatrījapa until stars rise).[note 11] In the evening, only
āchamana part is performed in East or North. Benefit of Sandhyopāsana As per Yama, Atri, the dvija who performs Sandhyā every day without fail attains moksha (i.e. salvation) at the end of his life (i.e. videha mukti).[note 12]. There is saying from vedas, "yatsandhyāmupāsate brahmaiva tadupāsate" (who does Sandhyopāsana are (indeed) worshiping
the parabrahman only). Parts of Sandhyā Vandanam As per the work Sandhyātattvasubhodini,[10]: 133  the Sāṅgopāṅga Sandhyāvandanam (lit. Sandhyāvandanam with all the essential and subsidiary parts) consists of different components termed as aṅgas (lit. limbs). Apart from the principal one (aṅgi), it has 5 anterior parts (pūrvāṅga) and 5
posterior parts (uttarāṅga). Before commencement of the 5 pūrvāṅgas, there exist 3 angas, namely, Ācamanaṃ ( ), Prāṇāyāmaḥ ( ) and Sankalpaḥ ( ), which are not mentioned separately. These 5 pūrvāṅgas are: Prathama Mārjanaṃ ( , First cleansing) Mantrācamanaṃ ( , Water-sipping via Vedic
mantras) Punarmārjanaṃ ( , Second cleansing. Also known as Dvitīyamārjanaṃ) Pāpavimocana Mantram ( , Liberation from sins. Also known as Aghamarṣaṇa) Arghyapradānam ( , Offering of water to the Sun (Sūrya)) The principal part is the Sandhyopāsanā mantram ( ), which
involves contemplation on Brahman, referred as 'Brahmabhāvanam'. This Upāsanā mantra is also referred as Dhyānam part in Sandhyāvandanam by the smritis. However, few smritis such as by Manu and Āśvalāyana consider Gāyatrījapaḥ as the principle one.[4]: 69  The 5 uttarāṅgas are: Gāyatrījapaḥ ( , Deep meditation with the chanting
of Gayatri mantra) Sūrya-Upasthānaṃ ( , Adoration in the presence of the Sun with Vedic mantras) Dik Namaskāraḥ ( , Salutation to the Devatas in all the cardinal directions) Bhūmyākāśa ābhivandanam ( , Respectful salutation to the Sky (Dyaus Pitṛ) and the Earth (pṛthivī)) Abhivādanam ( ,
Formal salutation by reciting ones' Gotra and Pravara) In addition to the above Vedic components of the Sandhyāvandanam, many include the following due to Tantric influences: Gayatri tarpaṇaṃ ( ), nyāsa ( ) and Mudrāpradarśanam ( ) are performed in Yajurveda Sandhyāvandanam due to Śiṣṭācāra. Navagraha
tarpaṇam are offerings made every day to each of the 9 planets. Accessories for Sandhyā A typical panchapātra set used for puja by Hindus. Pañcapātra Pañcapātra is the set of holy utensils used for Hindu rituals containing plate (thāḷī, laghupātra) and ritualistic spoon (uddhariṇī/ācamanī). Āsana As per vyāsa and parāśara, a seat (Āsana) for japa
should be made of kauśeyaṃ kambalañcaiva ajinaṃ cadārujaṃ tālapatraṃ ca āsanaṃ parikalpayet[note 13] The seat should be of silk (kauśeya) or blanket (kambala) or skin (ajina) or wood (dāruja) or (palm) leaves (tālapatra).[4]: 67  The fruit of using different seats are mentioned as kṛṣṇājine jñānasiddhirmokṣaśrīvyāghracarmaṇikuśāsane
karmasiddhiḥ paṭemokṣamavāpnuyātvastrāsane ca dāridrayaṃ pāṣāṇe rogasaṃbhavaḥmedinyaṃ duḥkhamāpnoti kāṣṭhe bhavanti niṣphalamtṛṇe dhanayaśohāniḥ pallave cittavibhramaḥ[note 14] The skin of black antelope (kṛṣṇājinacarma/mṛgacarma) gives knowledge, that of tiger (vyāghracarma) emancipation and all, So also a spotted blanket gives
all desires. The bamboo seat causes poverty, the stone (pāṣāṇa) causes disease; the earth (medinī), causes sorrow, the painted wooden seat (kāṣṭha) causes ill-luck; straw (tṛṇa) seat causes loss of wealth and fame, a seat made of leaves (pallava) causes delusion or mental hallucination.[4]: 67  Traditional mat made from Kuśa grass (kuśāsana or
dārbhasana), a necessity for pooja and a must have for yoga. This sacred kuśa plant (known locally in India as Malayalam: , Kannada: , Tamil: , , Telugu: ) was mentioned in the Rig Veda for use in sacred ceremonies and also as a seat for priests and the gods.[11] Kusha grass is specifically recommended by Lord Krishna in
the Bhagavad Gita as part of the ideal seat for meditation.[12] This amazing mat is woven by veteran weavers from India. According to early Buddhist accounts, it was the same kuśa grass material that was used by Gautama Buddha for his meditation seat when he attained enlightenment.[13] Japamāla A rosary (Japamāla), if available, can be used for
counting the number of recitations in Gayatri japa. Āsanamantra is to be chanted before taking seat. The rosary may made from Rudraksha, Tulasi, gem (ratna) or crystal (sphaṭika) and consists of 108 beads or 54 beads or 27 beads. Tilakadhāraṇa Tilakadhāraṇa means marking of holy mark (Tilaka) on the forehead as per the local tradition before
commencement of Sandhyā. kumkuma, gandha, gopichandana and bhasma can be used for marking. Saivaites and Smartas mark tripuṇḍram, while, vaishnavaites mark ūrdhvapuṇḍram. Tripuṇḍram (Sanskrit: ) or Tripuṇḍraka refers to the “three parallel lines of ash marks over the forehead”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 1.18.[14]
Ūrddhvapuṇḍram ( ) is a perpendicular line on the forehead made with Sandal, &c. a Vaishnava mark.[15] It is strictly advised against doing Sandhyā without tilakadhāraṇa.[note 15] Upavītam Before doing Sandhyā, one ought to be sure that the yajñopavītam (Sanskrit: , sacred thread) is indeed in worn as upavīta[note
16] (i.e. in the proper manner of wearing it from over the left shoulder and under the right arm).[16] Yajurveda Sandhyāvandanam It is usual practice to recite mantras from one's own Veda in Sandhyāvandanam. The procedure below are given w.r.t. the Taittirīya śākha of (Kriṣna) Yajurveda as followed by Telugu people adhering to the smarta
tradition.[17][18][19][20] The mantras used in Prāṇāyāma, Mantrācamana, Gāyatrī āhvānam, Devatānamaskāraḥ and Gāyatrī Prasthānam are directly from Mahanarayana Upanishad (Andhra rescension containing 80 anuvakas).[21] Mānasasnānam Sandhyāvandanam starts with mānasasnānam (lit. mind bath) that involves viṣṇusmaraṇaṃ
(remembrance of Lord Vishnu): apavitraḥ pavitro vā sarvāvasthāṃ gato'pi vāyaḥ smaret puṇḍarīkākṣaṃ saḥ bāhyābhyantaraḥ śuciḥpuṇḍarīkākṣa puṇḍarīkākṣa puṇḍarīkākṣa[note 17] Either pure or impure, passing through all the conditions of material life,if remember the lotus-eyed, then, one becomes externally and internally clean. By uttering the
above chant, water is sprinkled on head thrice. Ācamana Main article: Achamana Achamana involves sipping of water three times for purging the mind of all thoughts of ‘I’, ‘My’, ‘Mine’ for contemplation of ‘Supreme Atman”. Achamana ought to be done only in two directions, namely, East or North. There are three types of Āchamanam,[22] namely,
Śrautācamanam (Sanskrit: ), Smṛtyācamanam (Sanskrit: )[note 18] and Purāṇācamanam (Sanskrit: )[note 19]. Since, this is the first āchamana in Sandhyāvandanam, the sipping of water should be Purāṇācamana (i.e. 24 names of Vishnu starting with Om Keśavāya swāha & Co). Then, one Smṛtyācāmana and
Bhūtocchāṭana are performed. Prāṇāyāma Prāṇāyāma is (Prāṇa) Breathing (āyamaḥ) regulation. Done scientifically, pranayama improves oxygen supply, expels carbon dioxide, helps blood circulation, improves concentration, memory power and general health. As per sage Viswamitra, it is defined as below saptavyāhṛtibhiścaiva
prāṇāyāmaṃpuṭikṛtamvyāhṛtyādi śiroṃtaṃca prāṇāyāma trayatrikam (viśvāmitra kalpaḥ 2.3)[note 20] śirāsā sārdhvaṃ japedvyāhṛti pūrvikāmprati praṇava samyuktaṃ trirayaṃ prāṇāyāmaḥ (yājñavalkyasmṛti 2.23) It consists of three processes, first is inhalation that involves breathing in slowly through the right nostril; called as pūraka ( ). The
second is retention that involves retaining the breath by closing both nostrils, for a period more or less prolonged; called as kumbhaka ( ). As per Yajnavalkya smriti, the Gayatri mantra with its śiras (head)[note 21] and preceded by the 7 vyāhṛtīs;[note 22] to each of which the syllable Om should be added. This chanting has to be done thrice
during kumbhaka. Then, the third is exhalation that involves breathing out slowly through the other nostril; called as recaka ( ). Sankalpa Sankalpa means taking the resolve. It should be always done after careful contemplation, in a calm and positive frame of mind mustering the will to act upon. Even when one is engaged in appeasing 'God',
such act should be done with 'His' approval. Then, Jalābhimantraṇam has to be done with Brahmamukha mantra (i.e. Gayatri mantra) to purify the water just before Prathama Mārjana. Prathama Mārjana Marjanam is also known as Mantrasnānam (bath with mantras). This is a process of sanitizing and revitalizing body and mind. Mantras commonly
used here adore water as a source of nourishment, medicines and energy. This awareness would encourage to be frugal in its use and deter pollution. Mantrācamana Mantrācamanaṃ or Jalaprāśanaṃ is sipping of water by reciting relevant vedic mantras for internal purification so that one becomes spiritually fit to perform ritualistic act. This is a
'Jnana Yajna' where one introspects, repents for the sins committed and surrenders to the Lord. This is done wishfully.One offers water consecrated by mantras in the fire present in the mouth – contemplating that body, mind and heart have been cleansed.Sins specified include : Mental, i.e. evil thoughts, anger, Oral, i.e. lies, abuses and Physical, i.e.
theft, prohibited sexual act, consuming undesirable food, crushing creatures under the feet. Seek emancipation of sins committed during the day or night. Punarmārjana Smṛtyācāmana is performed two times and then Punarmārjanaṃ or Second cleansing involving more Vedic mantras is done. Aghamarṣaṇaṃ Aghamarṣaṇaṃ is intended to liberate
from sins with a few drops of water in the hand, chant the related mantra and mentally induce 'Pāpapuruṣa' to come out through the nose into the water and it is throw it away to the left side. In Yajurveda sandhya, the meaning of mantra is Om, even as the perspiring gets relief from the shade of the tree, as bathing removes the impurities of the body,
as the ghee becomes purified by its purifying agent. (Yajurveda, Taittiriya Brahmana, 2-4-4-43) So let the Waters purify me from all sins. Arghyapradāna An illustration of a Brahmin offering Arghya from 'The Sundhya, or, the Daily Prayers of the Brahmins' (1851) by Sophie Charlotte Belnos.[24] One Smṛtyācāmana and one Prāṇāyāma are performed.
Then, arghyapradāna means offering of water to the Sun with two hands as laid down in the Grihyasutras. A handful of water is taken in two hands cupped together, standing in front of the Sun. Then recite the Sāvitri (i.e. Gayatri mantra) preceded by the vyāhṛtis and the pranava (i.e. om kāra). Arghya has to be offered thrice. These three arghyas
destroy the mandeha rakshasas fighting the Sun every sandhya.[note 23]. If there is delay in sandhya by exceeding the sandhya time, then Prāyaścitta arghya (i.e. fourth one) is given. Sandhyopāsanā (Dhyāna) The sun is then contemplated as the brahman (i.e.the supreme reality) through the mantra asā'vādityo brahmā (Sanskrit:
, lit. this Āditya is indeed the Brahman). Smartas who adhere to advaita utter additional verse So'ham asmi. Aham brahmāsmi. (Sanskrit: , lit. this is I[note 24]. I am Brahman[note 25]). Tarpaṇaṃ Then, two times Smṛtyācāmana and three times Prāṇāyāma are performed. Tarpana is a term in the Vedic practice
which refers to an offering made to divine entities, where some water is taken in the right hand and poured over the straightened fingers. In Sandhyā, Four devatarpaṇas are offered for Sandhyā devata.[note 26] Gāyatrī āhvānam In Gāyatrī āhvānam (lit. invitation of Gāyatrī), the Sandhyādevata is invited by relevant Vedic mantras. One Śrautācāmana
and one Prāṇāyāma are performed. Then Gāyatrī japa sankalpa is told. Nyāsa In nyāsa mental appropriation or assignment of various parts of the body to tutelary deities is done just before and after Gāyatrī japam. There are two nyāsas, karanyāsa and aṅganyāsa that involves "ritualistic placing of the finger over the different parts of the body as
prescribed" with related ancillary mantras. When done before japa, aṅganyāsa ends with the utterance digbandhaḥ (invoking protection from eight cardinals) and when done after, it ends with the utterance digvimokaḥ (releasing the protection). Then, Gāyatrīdhyāna mantra is uttered. Mudrāpradarśanam Gayatri mantra with swaras.
Mudrāpradarśana is showing different mudras[27] before and after the japa. These mudras are to be shown just after nyāsa. The mudras in Sandhyāvandanam are 32 in number, where 24 are pūrva mudras shown before the japa[note 27] and the remaining 8 are shown after it. After showing 24 mudras, the following sloka that emphasizes on showing
mudras is to be uttered: caturvimśati mudravaigāyatryāṃ supratiṣṭhitāḥ(itimudrā najānāti gāyatrī niṣphalābhavet) Gāyatri is well-established in these 24 mudras. If these mudras are not known then gayatri (japa) becomes fruitless. Illustration of Karamāla. Gāyatrī mantra (Japa) See also: Gayatri_Mantra § Textual_appearances Just before the japa,
Gāyatrī mantrārtha śloka that gives the meaning of Gayatri mantra has to be uttered. In Japa, the Gayatri mantra is chanted either 1008,[note 28] 108,[note 29] 54,[note 30] 28[note 31] or at least 10[note 32] times using some japamāla or even karamāla, a rosary on the right hand palm that is counted over finger phalanges (parvaḥ). Meditation upon
the solar deity, a visible form of divinity is done. He is considered as the absolute reality (i.e. Parabrahman) settled in the lotus heart (hṛtpadma) of all beings. The counting should be made on the right hand which should be covered with a cloth. There are 3 ways of doing a Japa, namely, vācika, where the mantra is pronounced clearly and aloud,
upāmśu, where the lips move quietly and only the meditator hears the mantra and mānasa (or mānasika), purely mental recitation of the mantra.[28] Gāyatrī japāvasānam One Śrautācāmana and one Prāṇāyāma are performed. Then Gāyatrī japāvasāna sankalpa is told. Then, nyasa is again performed; this time ending with the utterance digvimokaḥ
and Gāyatrīdhyāna mantra is uttered. After that the remaining 8 uttara mudras are shown. Then, the fruit of japa is offered to Brahman by uttering Om tat sat brahmārpaṇam astu (Sanskrit: , lit. That is truth; (fruit of japa) offered to Brahman). Sūryopasthānaṃ One Smṛtyācāmana and three times Prāṇāyāma are performed.
In upasthānaṃ, some mantras related to Mitra (in the morning), Surya (in the solar noon) and Varuna (in the evening) are chanted by standing and facing towards sun. In the morning face east, in the noon face north and in the evening face west. Digdevata vandanam Digdevata vandanam or Dik Namaskāraḥ involves prayers to the lords of the
cardinal directions, Indra, Agni, Yama, Nirutha, Varuna, Vayu, Soma, Eeashana, Brahma and Vishnu. They are witnesses to all our deeds. The ideals represented by each of them will provide a direction to us in our march ahead. Then, Munina maskāraḥ and Devatā namaskāraḥ are performed, where salutations to the munis and devatas. Among
smartas, additionally, Hariharābheda smaraṇam is done by smartas to contemplate on the oneness of Siva and Vishnu. Gāyatrī Prasthānam Gāyatrī Prasthānam or Udvāsana involves bidding farewell to the Sandhyādevata by relevant Vedic mantras. Nārāyaṇābhivandanam Lord Nārayaṇa is hailed by chanting relevant mantra.[note 33] Bhūmyākāśa
ābhivandanam The Sky (Dyaus Pitṛ) and the Earth (Pṛthivī) are offered salutations by considering them as parents by Sāṣṭāṅga Namaskāra with relevant Vedic mantras from Taittiriya Brahamana. Iśvara Prārthanā Lord Vāsudeva (i.e. Krishna) is hailed by chanting relevant mantras.[note 34] Abhivādanam It is formal salutation by reciting one's Gotra
and Pravara. It is also an expression of gratitude to the teachers (Rishis) for transmitting divine wisdom to the next generation. It is customary to mention the name, gotra, pravara, adhered dharmasutra (of Kalpa) and the Veda followed along with its śakha (recension). A typical abhivādana(recitation of pravara) of a Yajuevedin is as follows
catussāgara paryantaṃ go brāhmaṇebhyaśśubham bhavatu ....ṛṣeya pravarānvita....gotraḥ, .......sūtraḥ....yajuśśākhādhyāyi....śarmā'haṃ bho abhivādaye[note 35] In the above abhivādana, Kshatriyas and Vyshyas replace śarmā with varmā and guptā respectively. Samarpaṇam One Purāṇācamana and one Smṛtyācāmana are performed. Then,
Samarpaṇam is done to note that the entire process was undertaken with an intent to please Him as per His directions. The fruits of such act are also placed at His disposal. He distributes them equitably. A philosophy of total surrender to Him is embedded here. This can only mollify our pride and implant humility. kāyena vācā
manasendriyairvābuddhyātmanā vā prakṛteḥ svabhāvātkaromi yadyatsakalaṃ parasmainārāyaṇāyeti samarpayāmi[note 36] My body, speech, mind, senses,intellect, essence, or outer and inner tendencies, All that I will do over and over,to the supreme Nārāyaṇa I offer.[29] Kṣamāpaṇam Finally, Kṣamāpaṇam (lit. begging pardon (from the God)) is
done to seek pardon for acts of omission / error that might have been committed by chanting three of His names thrice.Even with best of intentions and utmost care, inadequacies can creep in. It pays to look back, correct mistakes and strive to improvise. Daily duties of Brahmins Doing Sandhya-vandana first creates the eligibility for a Brahmin to do
all rituals following it. Rituals done without doing sandhya-vandanam are regarded as fruitless by Dharmaśāstra. Thus, sandhyavandanam forms the basis or regarded as the foundation for all other vedic rituals. After doing Sandhyavandanam ( mādhyāhnika-sandhyā ) to get rid off sins occurred due preparation of lunch like boiling rice, cutting
vegetables, burning firewood etc. In Vaishvadeva homa rice cakes are offered to vishvadevas (all devatas). As per Śāṅkhāyana-gṛhya-sūtra Adhyāya II, Khaṇḍa 9, a person should go in the forest, with a piece of wood in his hand, seated, he performs the Sandhyā (twilight/dusk?) constantly, observing silence, turning his face north-west, to the region
between the chief (west) point and the intermediate (north-western) point (of the horizon), until the stars appear and by murmuring the Mahāvyāhṛtis, the Sāvitrī, and the auspicious hymns when (Sandhya-dusk?) passed. In the same way during dawn, turning his face to the east, standing, until the disk of the sun appears. And when (the sun) has
risen, the study (of the Veda) goes on.[30] Miscellaneous Other aspects of the ritual, though, speaking strictly, not included in Sandhyavandanam, may include meditation, chanting of other mantras (Sanskrit: japa), and devotional practices specifically for divinities that are preferred by the practitioner.[31] Regarding the connection with meditation
practices, Monier-Williams notes that if regarded as an act of meditation, the sandhyā may be connected with the etymology san-dhyai.[32] Depending on the beliefs — Smartha, Sri Vaishnava, Madhva — these mantras or procedures have slight changes, while the main mantras like mārjanaṃ (sprinkling of water), prāśanaṃ (drinking water), punar-
mārjanaṃ and arghya-pradānaṃ remain the same in 95% of the cases. Smārtas (Advaitins) have aikyānu-Sandhānam, where they (Yajur Vedins) recite the verse from bṛhadāraṇyaka Upanishad ( brahmair vāhaṃ asmi ). Sivaprasad Bhattacharya defines it as the "Hindu code of liturgical prayers."[33] See also Aupasana Brahmin Yajurveda Veda Śāstra
pramāṇam in Hinduism Bibliography Ed. Dewan Bahadur T.R.Ramachandra Iyer, C. Sankara Rama Sastri (1931). Sandhyavandana: With the Bhashya of Vedanti Sitaram Sastri (online text). Sri Balamanorama Press, Madras.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) References ^ Dvija, Encyclopedia Britannica (2014) ^ a b Manilal Bose
(1998). Social and Cultural History of Ancient India. Concept. pp. 55–56. ISBN 978-81-7022-598-0. ^ "Gayatri Bhashyam (Sanskrit & Tamil)". P. S. Ramanathan. Kalavani Press Pvt. Ltd. 1991. p. xii-xiii. ^ a b c d "The Scared Books of Hindus". Rai Bahadur Srisa Chandra Vidyarnava. The Panini Office (Bhuvaneswari Asrama). 1918. ^ Sanskrit-English
Dictionary, Monier-Williams, p. 1145, middle column. ^ Taittirīya Sandhyā Bhāṣyam p.19, Sri Krishna Pandita, Vavilla Press (Chennai), 1916. ^ "Mahanarayana_Upanishad" (PDF). Swami Vimalananda (2 ed.). Sri Ramakrishna Math. 1968. pp. 209–214. ^ Taittirīya Sandhyā Bhāṣyam, p.83, Sri Krishna Pandita, Vavilla Press (Chennai), 1916. ^ S.V.
Gupta (3 November 2009). Units of Measurement: Past, Present and Future. International System of Units. Springer. p. 6. ISBN 9783642007385. ^ a b "Sandhyātattvasubhodini (Telugu)". Somayajula Venkatachala Sastry. Andhra Vignana Samiti, Jamshedpur. 1978. ^ Griffith, Ralph T. H. (1896). The Hymns of the Rigveda, Volume 1. p. 4.
ISBN 9781428630772. ^ "Establishing a firm seat for himself, In a clean place, Not too high, Not too low, covered with cloth, and antelope skin, and kusha grass" (B.G. VI:11) Smith, Huston; Chapple, Christopher; Sargeant, Winthrop (2009). The Bhagavad Gita (Excelsior Editions). Excelsior Editions/State University of New Yo. p. 282. ISBN 978-1-
4384-2842-0. ^ Professor Paul Williams (2006). Buddhism: Critical Concepts in Religious Studies (Critical Concepts in Religious Studies S.). New York: Routledge. p. 262. ISBN 0-415-33226-5. ^ "Tripundra, Tripuṇḍra, Tri-pundra, Tripumdra: 14 definitions". 17 July 2016. ^ "Urddhvapundra, Ūrddhvapuṇḍra: 2 definitions". 21 October 2019. ^ PV
Kane, History of Dharmasastra Volume 2.1, 1st Edition, pages 290-293 ^ Gāyatryanuṣṭhānatattvaprakāśikā (Telugu), M. G. Subbaraya Sastri, Sriniketana Mudraksharasala (Chennai), 1904. ^ Yājuṣa Smārta Mantrapāṭhamu, Part 1 (Telugu), by Challa Lakshmi Nrisimha Sastry, Challa Press, 1913. ^ Yajurveda Sandhyāvandanam (Telugu), Maddulapalli
Venkatasubrahmanya Sastri, Vavilla V. S. Trust (Chennai), 1998. ^ Sandhyopaasnavidhi, Rgveda Yajurveda Sahitam (Telugu), Mudunuri Venkatarama Sarma, Gita Press (Gorakhpur). ^ "Mahanarayana_Upanishad" (PDF). Swami Vimalananda (2 ed.). Sri Ramakrishna Math. 1968. ^ K. Krishnaswami Aiyar (1901). "Esoteric Hinduism". Central Book
Depot, Madras. p. 90. ^ " ". ^ "The Sundhya, or, the Daily Prayers of the Brahmins". ^ Gayatri Mantra. S. Viraswami Pathar. Sura Books (P) Ltd. 2006. p. 103. ISBN 9788174782182. ^ "The Sacred Complex in Hindu Gaya". Lalita Prasad Vidyarthi (2 ed.). Concept Publishing Company, Delhi. 1978. p. 36. ^ Word
mudrā on Monier-William Sanskrit-English on-line dictionary: "N. of partic. positions or intertwinings of the fingers (24 in number, commonly practised in religious worship, and supposed to possess an occult meaning and magical efficacy Daś (Daśakumāra-carita). Sarvad. Kāraṇḍ. RTL. 204; 406)" ^ "Japa Yoga". Retrieved 2020-02-09. ^ "Kayena Vāca
– Veda Chanting Short Closing Prayer with Translation". 20 December 2015. ^ "Adhyāya II, Khaṇḍa 9". 4 September 2014. ^ These are entirely at the discretion of the performer and carry no ritualistic sanction whatsoever. For meditation, japa, and chosen deity practices, see Taimni, pp. 171-204. ^ For san-dhyai see Monier-Williams, p. 1145, middle
column. ^ For a definition see Bhattacharyya, Sivaprasad. "Indian Hymnology", in Radhakrishnan (CHI, 1956), volume 4, p. 474. Sri Thillasthanam Swamy Kainkarya Sabha, Bangalore have brought out a book on Sandhyāvandanaṃ modelled as a Guide with all the hymns in Devanāgari, Tamil and Kannaḍa scripts and the meanings of each hymn and
explanations in English for better appreciation. For more details please visit the sabha website Sources Balu, Meenakshi (2006). Rig Veda Trikaala Sandhyaavandanam. Chennai: MB Publishers. ISBN 81-8124-071-5. (fourth revised & enlarged edition). Balu, Meenakshi (2008). Yajur Veda Trikaala Sandhyaavandanam (Abasthampam & Bodhayanam).
Chennai: Giri Trading. ISBN 978-81-7950-451-2. (First Edition). Apte, Vaman Shivram (1965). The Practical Sanskrit Dictionary. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. ISBN 81-208-0567-4. (fourth revised & enlarged edition). Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli (Editorial Chairman) (1956). The Cultural Heritage of India. Calcutta: The Ramakrishna Mission
Institute of Culture. Second edition, four volumes, revised and enlarged, 1956 (volume IV). Taimni, I. K. (1978). Gāyatrī. Adyar, Chennai, India: The Theosophical Publishing House. ISBN 81-7059-084-1. (Second Revised Edition). Taimni, I. K. (1978). Gāyatrī. Adyar, Chennai, India: The Theosophical Publishing House. ISBN 81-7059-084-1. (Second
Revised Edition).[1] Notes ^ sam- is upasarga and dhyā means to meditate ^ upāsate sandhivelāyāṃ niśāyā divasasya ca tāmeva sandhyāṃ tasmātu pravadanti manīṣiṇaḥ (Sanskrit: ) ^
^ ^ Taittirīya Araṇyaka Pariśiṣṭa 10.25 ^ An Ahorātra is a tropical day (Note: A day is considered to begin and end at sunrise, not midnight.) ^ i.e. span of 48 minutes ^ i.e. span of 5
ghaṭīs ^ In Madhavacharya's Parāśaramādhyavīyam, it is instructed as āsangavam prātassandhyāyāḥ gauṇakālaḥ āpradoṣāvasānaṃ ca sāyamsandhyāḥ. Parāśaramādhyavīyam is a work of authority on modern Hindu law in Southern India. ^ kāletu vanditā sandhyā svargamokṣapradāyinī akāle vanditā sandhyā sā ca vandhyāvadhū riva ^
Yājñavalkyasmṛti (2.24, 2.25) ^ Atrisamhitā ^ ^
^ IAST:abhālatilakam kṛtvā tasya karma nirarthakam (the ritual done without tilaka on forehead shall be fruitless). ^ upanīyate vāmaskando'neneti upavītam (amarakośaṃ lingabhaṭṭīya vyākhyānaṃ) ^ Sanskrit:
^ Also known as Smārtācamanam (Sanskrit: ) ^ Also known as Paurāṇācamanam (Sanskrit: ) ^ (
2.3)[23] ^ The śiromantra of gāyatrī is om āpojyōti rasomṛtaṃ brahma bhūrbhuva ssuva rom (Sanskrit: ) ^ Vyāhṛtī ( ) are the mystical utterances, seven in number, viz. “bhūḥ, bhuvaḥ, svaḥ, mahaḥ, janaḥ, tapaḥ, satyam”. Each of the vyāhṛtis are preceded by the [Praṇava] Om. ^ As per
story mentioned in Taittiriya Aranyaka, a tribe called Mandeha Rakshasas live in an island called Arunam. They march every day in the morning, conquer space and reach almost near the Sun threatening to destroy him. The Arghya water that is offered during Sandhyā becomes infinitely strong and the retreat to their own island. It is said that the first
arghya destroys their horses, the second destroys their weapons and the third kills them. However, due to their boon from Brahma, they get back to life only to fight the Sun next sandhya.[25] ^ (saḥ, “it”) + (aham, “I am”), undergoing visarga sandhi. It is a phrase used by the Advaita Vedānta school of Hinduism, signifying oneness with
Brahman ^ It is a Mahavakya from Yajurveda ^ In devatarpaṇa, the water is poured on the middle of the palm kept in a slanted way pointing downwards so that the water flows down only from the tip of four fingers (excluding thumb).[26] ^ Uttering the below sloka 24 mudras are to be shown (1) (2) (3) (4) sumukhaṃ
sampuṭam caiva vitataṃ visṛtaṃ tathā (5) (6) (7) (8)dvimukhaṃ trimukhaṃ caiva catuḥ pañcamukhaṃ tathā (9) (10) (11) ṣaṇmukho'dhomukham caiva vyāpakāñjaliṃ tathā (12) (13) (14) (15) śakaṭam yamapāśam ca gradhikam sammukhonmukhaṃ
(16) (17) (18) (19) (20) pralambam muṣtikam caiva matsyaḥ kūrmo varāhakam (21) (22) (23) (24) simhākrāntam mahākrāntam mudgaram pallavam tathaa ^ Referred as sahasra gāyatrī. ^ Referred as aṣṭottara-śata gāyatrī. ^ Referred as caturpancāśat gāyatrī. ^ Referred as aṣṭāvimśati
gāyatrī. ^ Referred as daśa gāyatrī. ^ namo'stvanantāya sahasramūrtayesahasrapādākṣi śirorubāhavesahasranāmne puruṣāya śāśvatesahasrakoṭi yugadhāriṇe namaḥ ^ Ākāśāt patitam toyam yathā gacchati sāgaram sarva deva namaskāraḥ keśavam pratigacchati sarvavedeṣu yatpuṇyaṃ sarvatīrtheṣu yatphalaṃ tatphalaṃ purusha āpnoti stutvā
devaṃ janārthanam vāsanāt vāsudevasya vāsitam te bhuvanatrayam sarvabhūtanivāso'si vāsudeva namo'stu te ^ .... .... , ........ .... .... ^
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