1.

TITLE

Is the name of a film, book, painting, piece of music, etc. Title can mean either book title or
chapter title; if the latter it is usually marked CT (for chapter title).

2. SUBTITLE

Subtitle, a secondary or explanatory title. Such titles can explain the form of the work, as in
Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s Remorse: A Tragedy, in Five Acts; they can give an idea of the theme or
contents of the book, as in George Eliot’s Middlemarch: A Study of Provincial Life; or they can
simply be an alternate title, which may or may not be a comment on the work, such as Pamela; or,
Virtue Rewarded by Samuel Richardson and Frankenstein; or, the Modern Prometheus by Mary
Shelley. It could likewise mean with book subtitle or chapter subtitle (CST); that’s the part of the
title that comes after a colon. It has the meaning about a word, phrase, or sentence that is used as
the second part of a book title and is printed under the main title at the front of the book.

a. SUBTITLE TIPS:

Here are some tips to help you think about and recognize what will work for your book:

1) If your title is long, keep the subtitle short. And, if your title is short, you have more flexibility
with the length of the subtitle.
2) Do not repeat in the subtitle words that you have already used in the title. If your subtitle
repeats words in the title, it looks like you have already run out of things to say--not a good
signal to send.
3) Practice economy of language. Four-letter words work just as well as 12-letter words. And,
often the same thing can be said just as well if not better in seven words than 14.
4) Consider your target audience. This may go without saying, but books on investing,
entrepreneurship, and leadership, for example, will all have a different feel as will books
about improving your medical practice, or nurturing teens, or caring for elderly parents.

b. When you combine a title and a subtitle, they move closer together.

As a rule of thumb, it is recommended to use a size difference of two. So if you use a title is-1,
combine it with a subtitle is-3.

Title 1

Subtitle 3

Title 2

Subtitle 4

Title 3

Subtitle 5

3. HEADING

A heading (more usually called an A Head) is the first level chapter subdivision, and a subheading
(more usually called a B Head) is a second level chapter subdivision. There can also be C Heads
(often run-in heads). I have worked on books with D Heads and even once with E Heads, but these
should really not appear; it usually means someone just expanded an outline badly instead of
actually writing a book.
 A heading is a word, phrase, or sentence at the beginning of a written passage that explains what
it's about. A heading is very similar to a title.

A heading is similar to a caption, a line below a photograph that briefly explains it. Headings show
up at the top of paragraphs, chapters, or pages, and they give you an idea of what the subject is.
You might write a heading for each chapter of your novel, or on each page of your French club
newsletter. The 1300's meaning of heading was "beheading," and it wasn't until the late 1800's
that it came to mean "title."

a. Page heading

The following content example could exist on a page titled "Fruit".

Varieties of Fruit - Section Heading (h2)

Apples - Section Subheading (h3)

Over 7,500 cultivars of the apple are known. In the following list, use for "eating" means that the
fruit is used fresh…

Granny Smith - Detailed Subheading (h4)

This is the apple once used to represent Apple Records. A favorite variety, widely sold in the UK…

Honey crisp - Detailed Subheading (h4)

Has excellent eating and keeping qualities. Mottled red and yellow color. Very crisp…

McIntosh - Detailed Subheading (h4)

A popular, cold-tolerant eating apple in North America.

Oranges - Section Heading (h2)

The orange is the fruit of the citrus species Citrus × sinensis in the…

Valencia - Section Subheading (h3)

The Valencia orange is a late-season fruit, and therefore a popular variety…

Hamlin - Section Subheading (h3)

This cultivar was discovered by A. G. Hamlin near Glenwood, Florida, in 1879. The fruit is small,
smooth,…

4. Subheadings

Use explanatory subheadings. Subheadings can be slightly longer than headings since they are
essentially expanding on the heading. They should provide a good frame for the context, but without
bogging down the paper.

Use them like a roadmap Readers should be able to skim subheadings to get an idea of the layout of
the content.

Make them smaller than headings. Headings and subheadings are used to visually convey importance.
Subheadings should be consistently smaller than headings/preceding subheadings.
a. General Tips & Suggestions
1) Don't overdo it. Not every paragraph needs a subheading.
2) Don't replace topic sentences. Headings and subheadings are used to enhance the content of
your paper, not replace it.
3) Add headings and subheadings after the paper is written. Keep in mind where they'll work in
your paper, but try adding them after the main content is written to help you organize the
content.

b. Heading and Subheading Guidelines #

1) Name your pages with keywords in mind. Think of how your page's name will appear in search
results.
2) Include the most relevant keywords in your section headings and subheadings, and make sure
you cover the main point of the content.
3) Be generous and descriptive.
4) Ensure that headings and subheadings always follow a consecutive hierarchy (Section Heading
(h2), Section Subheading (h3), Detailed Subheading (h4)).
5) Do not type out the page title as a Heading. It is automatically put onto the page for you, and by
manually typing it into the editor, it will appear twice on your page.
6) Do not abbreviate words in page names.
7) Do not skip a header level for styling reasons. A heading or subheading format should never be
used to style any other type of content.
8) Do not bold or italicize a heading.
9) Do not try to be clever or play on words. Some readers, such as non-native speakers of English,
may not understand the pun intended.
10)Do not use all caps. Doing so may cause some screen readers and assistive technology to read
out each individual letter of your words, instead of the full words themselves. Certain parts of
your website may show text in all caps, but that is done automatically for you. You do not need
to do it yourself.

c. Author's Organization of the Text

Chapter titles in informational texts usually prepare the student to understand the text.

Subtitles usually immediately follow the title and organize the information into sections. Titles and
subtitles often provide the structure for an outline.

Headings usually begin a subsection after a subtitle. There are multiple headings for each section. They
usually lay out the major points made by the author in each section.

Subheadings also help us understand the organization of the thoughts contained in the section, and the
relationships of the parts.

What is the difference between title and heading?

A title is ………………………….

A heading is …………………………….