NAME 

           : Bamey Ganado

SEMESTER   : 2nd SEMESTER,2023
COURSE        : HUMAN BIOLOGY BL133
 

Nursing Care for Patients with Psychiatric Disorders

I. Introduction

Psychiatric disorders refer to a wide range of mental health conditions that affect an individual's
thinking, mood, and behavior. These disorders can significantly impair an individual's ability to
function in their daily lives and can lead to serious consequences if left untreated. As a result,
nursing care for patients with psychiatric disorders is of utmost importance. In this lesson we will
provide an overview of the types of psychiatric disorders, assessment techniques, nursing
interventions, and challenges associated with caring for patients with psychiatric disorders. By
the end of this lecture, you will have a better understanding of the nursing care required for
patients with psychiatric disorders and the role of nurses in providing comprehensive care for
these patients.

II. Types of Psychiatric Disorders

There are several types of psychiatric disorders that nurses may encounter in their practice. The
following is a brief overview of some of the most common types of psychiatric disorders:

A. Mood Disorders Mood disorders are characterized by persistent changes in mood, which can
affect an individual's ability to function in their daily lives. The following are two of the most
frequent mood disorders:

1. Major Depressive Disorder A major depressive disorder is a mental health illness defined by a
prolonged sensation of despair or lack of interest in previously loved activities. Changes in
eating and sleep habits, feelings of despair or worthlessness, and suicidal ideation are all
symptoms of major depressive illness.

2. Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a mental health illness marked by mood swings between
depression and manic periods. Episodes of high mood, increased energy, reduced need for sleep,
thoughts that race, and impulsive conduct are all symptoms of bipolar illness.

B. Anxiety Disorders Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive and persistent worry or
fear. Some common anxiety disorders include:

1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a mental health problem characterized by

excessive and ongoing concern or terror about ordinary circumstances. Restlessness,
weariness, trouble focusing, and impatience are all possible symptoms.Panic Disorder
Panic disorder is a mental health condition that is characterized by sudden and
NAME            : Bamey Ganado
SEMESTER   : 2nd SEMESTER,2023
COURSE        : HUMAN BIOLOGY BL133
 

unexpected panic attacks. Symptoms of panic attacks may include shortness of breath,
chest pain, trembling, and a feeling of impending doom.
2. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental health illness characterized by
recurring, pervasive ideas (obsessions) that lead to repeated activities (compulsions) in an
effort to decrease anxiety. OCD symptoms might include persistent and upsetting
thoughts or images, repeated actions, and excessive cleaning or arranging.

C. Psychotic Disorders Psychotic disorders are characterized by a loss of touch with reality.
Some common psychotic disorders include:

1. Schizophrenia is a mental health illness marked by a variety of symptoms such as

hallucinations, hallucinations, delusions, inconsistent speech, and disordered conduct.
Schizophrenia symptoms may vary greatly from individual to person and alter over time.

2. Delusional Disorder is a mental health illness defined by persistent and unshakeable beliefs
that are not grounded in reality. Delusions of persecution, splendor, or envy are examples of
symptoms.

D. Personality Disorders Personality disorders are characterized by enduring patterns of behavior

and inner experience that deviate significantly from cultural expectations. Some common
personality disorders include:

1. Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a mental health illness defined by a persistent

pattern of instability in connections, self-worth, and mood. Intense and unstable interactions,
aggressive conduct, and self-harm are all symptoms.

2. Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is a mental health illness characterized by a grandiose

sense of self-importance and a lack of empathy for others. A feeling of entitlement, an excessive
sense of self-worth, and a desire for praise are all symptoms.

III. Assessment of Patients with Psychiatric Disorders

Assessment of patients with psychiatric disorders is an essential component of nursing care. The
following are some of the key assessment techniques used in the evaluation of patients with
psychiatric disorders:

A. Mental Status Exam The mental status exam is a systematic evaluation of an individual's
cognitive and emotional state. The examination includes an evaluation of the patient's
appearance, behavio A. Mental Status Exam The mental status exam is a systematic evaluation
of an individual's cognitive and emotional state.r, speech, thought processes, mood, and affect.
NAME            : Bamey Ganado
SEMESTER   : 2nd SEMESTER,2023
COURSE        : HUMAN BIOLOGY BL133
 

This assessment helps to identify potential psychiatric symptoms and can guide further
evaluation and treatment.

B. Physical Examination A physical examination is important in the assessment of patients with

psychiatric disorders to rule out any underlying medical conditions that may be contributing to
the patient's symptoms. The examination includes an evaluation of vital signs, neurological
status, and any other physical symptoms that may be present.

C. Laboratory Tests Laboratory tests may be performed as part of the assessment process to rule
out any underlying medical concerns that could be adding to the patients complaints. Blood tests,
tests for urine, and imaging investigations are examples of these testing.

D. Diagnostic Tests Diagnostic tests may be ordered to help identify the specific psychiatric
disorder affecting the patient. Examples of diagnostic tests may include a psychological
evaluation, neuropsychological testing, or a diagnostic interview.

Overall, a comprehensive assessment of patients with psychiatric disorders involves a

multidisciplinary approach that includes a detailed history, a physical examination, laboratory
tests, and diagnostic tests. This assessment is critical in identifying the patient's needs and
guiding the development of an effective treatment plan.

IV. Nursing Interventions for Patients with Psychiatric Disorders

Nursing interventions for patients with psychiatric disorders are focused on promoting safety,
managing symptoms, and promoting recovery. The following are some nursing interventions
commonly used in the care of patients with psychiatric disorders:

A. Medication Administration Medication administration is an important aspect of nursing care

for patients with psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric medications are used to manage symptoms
and promote recovery. Nurses play a crucial role in medication management, including
medication administration, monitoring for side effects, and educating patients about their
medications.

B. Behavioral Interventions Behavioral interventions are focused on modifying behaviors that

may be contributing to the patient's symptoms. Examples of behavioral interventions may
include cognitive-behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, and psychoeducation. Nurses
can provide education and support for patients participating in these therapies.

C. Patient Education Patient education is an essential aspect of nursing care for patients with
psychiatric disorders. Nurses can provide patients with information about their diagnosis,
NAME            : Bamey Ganado
SEMESTER   : 2nd SEMESTER,2023
COURSE        : HUMAN BIOLOGY BL133
 

medications, and coping strategies. Patient education can help to promote self-care and
empowerment and can enhance the patient's ability to manage their symptoms.

D. Safety Interventions Safety interventions are critical in the care of patients with psychiatric
disorders. These interventions may include suicide precautions, restraint and seclusion
management, and environmental modifications. Nurses play a key role in identifying potential
safety risks and implementing appropriate interventions to promote patient safety.

E. Family Support Family support is an important aspect of nursing care for patients with
psychiatric disorders. Nurses can provide education and support to the patient's family members,
including information about the patient's diagnosis, treatment options, and coping strategies.
Family support can enhance the patient's overall support network and promote recovery.

Overall, nursing interventions for patients with psychiatric disorders are focused on promoting
safety, managing symptoms, and promoting recovery. These interventions are based on a
comprehensive assessment of the patient's needs and are tailored to meet the individual needs of
each patient.

V. Challenges in Nursing Care for Patients with Psychiatric Disorders

A range of circumstances might make nursing care for individuals with mental problems
difficult. The following are some of the common challenges faced by nurses in the care of
patients with psychiatric disorders:

A. Stigma Stigma surrounding mental illness can be a significant barrier to effective nursing
care. Patients may be hesitant to seek therapy because they are afraid of being classified as
"mentally ill," and healthcare personnel may have unfavorable views about patients suffering
from psychiatric diseases.

Overcoming stigma is essential in providing compassionate and effective care to patients with
psychiatric disorders.

B. Patient Aggression Patients with psychiatric disorders may exhibit aggressive behaviors,
which can be challenging for nurses to manage. Nurses must be trained in de-escalation
techniques and safety interventions to manage these situations effectively.

C. Medication Side Effects Psychiatric medications can have significant side effects, such as
weight gain, sedation, and movement disorders. Nurses must monitor patients for these side
effects and provide appropriate interventions to manage them.
NAME            : Bamey Ganado
SEMESTER   : 2nd SEMESTER,2023
COURSE        : HUMAN BIOLOGY BL133
 

D. Co-Occurring Medical Conditions Patients with psychiatric disorders may have co-occurring
medical conditions, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and substance abuse. Nurses must
be knowledgeable about these conditions and provide appropriate care to manage them
effectively.

E. Staffing Shortages Staffing shortages can be a significant challenge in the care of patients with
psychiatric disorders. Nurses may be required to manage a high volume of patients with complex
needs, which can lead to burnout and decreased job satisfaction.

Overall, nursing care for patients with psychiatric disorders can be challenging due to a variety
of factors. Overcoming stigma, managing patient aggression, monitoring medication side effects,
managing co-occurring medical conditions, and addressing staffing shortages are all critical in
providing effective care to patients with psychiatric disorders.

VI. Conclusion

In conclusion, nursing care for patients with psychiatric disorders requires a comprehensive
approach that involves assessment, intervention, and ongoing evaluation. Nurses play a critical
role in promoting safety, managing symptoms, and promoting recovery. Challenges such as
stigma, patient aggression, medication side effects, co-occurring medical conditions, and staffing
shortages can make the care of patients with psychiatric disorders challenging. Overcoming these
challenges requires ongoing education, training, and support for nurses. Ultimately, providing
effective nursing care to patients with psychiatric disorders is essential in promoting their overall
health and well-being.