‫ادت ا

ا

ا
‬ ‫ا‪$‬اد ا‪#‬ذ!‪ :‬ع‪.‬د وط‪.‬اد‬ ‫ا'& اا‪%‬‬
‫ادت ا
 ا

ا
‬ ‫ا'& اا‪: %‬‬

‫ ‪ "#‬ه   درا ا دت ا ا  ا ا ذات ا 

ت ا و(' ا&‪$%‬‬
‫ا;" ‪0%‬ر ا ‪-‬ع ‪ 6 78 ،‬اق ‪&3 4‬ل ا* ‪ /1‬ا‪0-‬ا‪ /‬ا‪ .‬ا‪  -‬ا ‪ #‬ا‪,‬ء ا*‪.‬‬

‫‪
1-4‬ر!(‪:‬‬
‫
‪:  
      
  :1.1‬‬
‫   ‪  $  %  

 


! "#          , ,‬‬

‫  ‬ ‫  ‪,‬‬ ‫  ‬

‫ ‬ ‫‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫‬
‫
‪:  
   &'     
  :2.1‬‬
‫ ‬ ‫ ‬
‫ ‬ ‫         ‬ ‫  ‪         … … … .‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‬

‫
‪  () 

 *+   0  :3.1‬‬
‫  ‪. ,  
 - ./
- 0  !"   #"   $"  % … … … .‬‬
‫
‪&  &    % :4 ! 56  
 (1.1) %+ 
  :4.1‬‬

‫

‪ 
 ,  7     
   ' 2  )  
 :1.1‬‬
‫ ‪* + ' 2  0 :  8 56‬‬

‫‪ & -2-4‬ادت ا
ا‪
12‬ا‪ 
/0‬ا

ا
‪:‬‬

‫ ‪:1.2‬‬
‫ 
  ‪        % … … … .  ,‬‬
‫   ‪! 7+ , 78‬‬
‫
  ‪9* +  :*  ;  0 56‬‬
‫‪: (1.2) 
 ! &9! 4' 6  *+‬‬
‫‪   ?&   ?& : *+ Δ > 0  ;  ! *+ , r8  .: :‬‬
‫     &?  ‬ ‫ ‪*+ ∆ 0‬‬ ‫
 ‪*8  *+  .: :‬‬
‫

‪  ?F  $GH I   HJK I *+ ∆E 0 *8,+  A B CD  .: :‬‬

‫‪y //  2 /  5  0 6‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫
‪" ' 6
 9  0 (2 ; "  3
 2  0 (1 :‬‬
‫‪y0  1; y / 0  2‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫ادت ا
 ا

ا‬ ‫اد‬.‫د وط‬.‫ ع‬:!‫ذ‬#‫اد ا‬$‫ا‬ %‫ا'& اا‬

<
, =.    <      
 0 ! :1.2 
. 
  A 6
L  M
 M  D
: # >- ! ! . + /
9 # :2.2 
:    
         34

:1.3 
, 
 0 !  N  (1.1) ,  7  
 ! R  .:
 S  T : D' ># (1.1) ,  7 
 0 ! *+ (1.2)
?; ! :R 0- ! :yU

:      !" 134

:  % # =  N ?; !
, :   +  
:1 !"
" '     1 … … … O :1.3


" '   0 : , 

 ! (1
*8,+  B1 P r+ ' 1  0 :  %+ 56  

M  ;8 )   ;+ ) Q : ! @
8  9  : :   R ?; ! - 4! (2
'9 ' :    1 :
, (*)+ A 
:  '1  9  '1 :
, %#
 S  T   ?   ?Q '    :  0 ! @
+ !  $
!B "  8+#  &9
 & .: - 5) .:
: 
     ># ?; ! *+ 
 
,
(

" %&   ' # $ 

 ., C  «0»

 yh=Qn(x)
f(x)=Pn(x) 56 
56  
 ., «0»

 yh=xk Qn(x)
«k » @- ,

αx
‫ @?ر  د‬A «α»

 yh=Qn(x) e
αx
f(x)=Pn(x)e ‫ة‬C ‫ا‬

2

‫ادت ا
 ا

ا‬ ‫اد‬.‫د وط‬.‫ ع‬:!‫ذ‬#‫اد ا‬$‫ا‬ %‫ا'& اا‬

56  
 ., «α»


αx
yh=xk Qn(x) e
«k » @- ,


 ., C  (BJ^) N  VW  cos D
  _`  cos D  ab  sin D  [W  sin D
56 
N  VW  cos D
K=max(n,m)
56  
 ., (BJ^) 
 [W  sin D

:  &9
 ! : 

" ' 4   +  3 (2 " ' 
' 2  3) + (1
" ' 
   2  ) + (3

: 
 * !" : 

-E ‫ ام  د ا ا‬G3‫  ا‬%

‫ ام  د ا ا‬GH  .3
 ‫ ا دت ا‬/1 ‫ ام‬G3‫د ا‬EI‫ ا‬/1  1  ‫آ‬ y( x) = c1 ( x) y1 ( x) + c2 ( x) y2 ( x)
:    
 ! 8- F    E   ;+  ;8 - 4! K?‫و و‬8‫ا ا‬

; 8  
8   ;   +   +    6
0 
; 8  8  ;  +  +  0
:‫ت‬H ‫
ث‬M  
: ( ∆ > 0) +,  
:
, , !
1
c1 ( x) =
r1 − r2 ∫ e −r1x f ( x)dx + c1 / c1 ∈ IR

1
c2 ( x ) =
r2 − r1 ∫ e −r2 x f ( x)dx + c2 / c 2 ∈ IR

: ( ∆ = 0) 
  
c // ( x) = e − rx f ( x) :
, , !
: ( ∆ < 0) 

  
:
, , !
1
∫
−αx
c1 ( x) = − e f ( x) sin βxdx + c1
β

3

‫ادت ا
 ا

ا‬ ‫اد‬.‫د وط‬.‫ ع‬:!‫ذ‬#‫اد ا‬$‫ا‬ %‫ا'& اا‬

1
∫ cos βxf ( x)dx + c2
−αx
c2 ( x ) = e
β

:‫ر@ ا‬0‫   ا د ا ا  ا‬:2.3 ‫ ل‬

y ' ' ( x) − 3 y ' ( x) + 2 y( x) = ( x + 1)e x (1)

yh ( x ) = c1e x + c2 e 2 x :&‫ ه‬-E ‫ ا د ا‬GH

:‫ اص‬G3‫د ا‬EIP $‫ ا‬Q #IR G -
c 2 = c 2 ( x ), c1 = c1 ( x )  H1H  
 0 !
, G

 c '1 ( x ) e x + c ' 2 ( x ) e 2 x = 0 :‫م‬S ‫ ا‬G3‫و‬


 c '1 ( x ) e + 2 c ' 2 ( x ) e = ( x + 1) e
x 2x x

 c '1 ( x ) = − x − 1
⇔ −x
 c ' 2 ( x ) = ( x + 1) e

 1 2
 c 1 ( x ) = − ( x + 1) + C 1 (i)
 2
c ( x ) = − ( x + 2 )e − x + C (ii)
 2 2

y (x )= c 1 ( x ) e x + c 2 ( x ) e 2 x : 
 + (i)  (ii) A  @ 

:  
 0 ! *+
1 3
y (x )= C1e x + C 2 e 2 x − ( x 2 + 2 x + )e x / C1 ,C 2 ∈ IR
2 2