Qualitative vs.

Quantitative
LESSON 1 Research
WEEK
1

KNOWLEDGE
ENRICHMENT

A. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
 Differentiate qualitative and quantitative research;
 Know the characteristics of Quantitative research ; and
 Value the significance of doing a quantitative research.

B. INTRODUCTION
Practical Research 1 has introduced you to the diverse world of Research. You
have already dived in on a pool of curiosity which leads you to construct your
own study. In this course, you will once again experience the fun of solving real-
world problems, but this time with the help of statistical tools.

In this first lesson, you will have a brief review on the two types of research and
their differences.

C. LESSON PROPER

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH AND QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

According to Marquez-Fong and Tigno (2016), quantitative research deals

with numbers or numerical data, such as height, width, length, age, speed,
time, sizes, size, and temperature, among other things that can be
measured; while qualitative research focuses on words or ideas, pictures,
videos, sounds, objects or artifacts, and other non-numerical data.

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 POINTS OF QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
CONTRAST RESEARCH RESEARCH
Needed data Data that can be Non-numerical data that
numerically analyzed and describes qualities,
can be quantified into opinions, or feelings
facts.
Data Collection Surveys, Interviews with Interviews,
close-ended questions observations,recordings,
pictures
Analysis Use of statistical analysis Manual analysis through
presented in forms of the grouping of common
tables and charts themes
Focus of research Quantity (numbers, Quality (nature, essence)
statistics)

CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

1. Large Sample Size – to ensure reliability, quantitative researches
are done with large sample of data.
2. Structured Research Methods – polls and surveys are used in
order to gather quantitative data for it requires measurable data.
3. Highly reliable outcome – since questions in research instruments
used on quantitative research contains closed-ended questions, the
outcome of the study is expected to be highly reliable.
4. Reusable outcome – the outcome of a quantitative research can
serve as a support to future studies for it produced a highly reliable
result.
5. Close-ended questions – research instruments used in quantitative
researches are composed of close-ended questions, these questions
are more specific rather than open-ended questions.
6. Numerical Outcome –the outcome of quantitative research is
always in numerical form. Numerical results are easier to read and
understand.

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 7. Generalization of Outcome – since quantitative research is done in
a large sample, the outcome will be generalized for the whole
population it represents.

SKILLS DEVELOPMENT

ACTIVITY 1. K.W.L. CHART

Instructions: Fill out the chart/table below with your corresponding answers on
the questions being asked for each column. (5 pts each)

Know Want to learn Learned

What do you already What do you want to What have you learned
know about Quantitative learn about Quantitative about quantitative
research? research? research after this lesson?

3
ASSESSMENT

Instruction: Read the statements/questions carefully. Write the LETTER of your

answer in your CSTC green booklet. (1pt. each)

1. What type of research deals with numbers or numerical data?

a. Qualitative b. Quantitative c. Both a and B d. None of
the above
2. What is the type of research which focuses on words, ideas, pictures,
videos, sounds, objects or artifacts?
a. Qualitative b. Quantitative c. Both a and B d. None of
the above
3. What type of research uses statistical analysis in analyzing the data
gathered?
a. Qualitative b. Quantitative c. Both a and B d. None of
the above
4. Which characteristics of quantitative research states that its outcome must
be in the form of numbers?
a. Close- b. Highly- c. Numerical d. Reusable
ended reliable outcome outcome
questions outcome
5. Quantitative research is applied in large sample of data, making its
outcome reliable, what characteristics of quantitative research was
described?
a. Close- b. Highly- c. Numerical d. Reusable
ended reliable outcome outcome
questions outcome
6. What type of questions are used in quantitative research intruments
which are said to be more specific?
a. Close- b. Highly- c. Numerical d. Reusable
ended reliable outcome outcome
questions outcome
7. The outcome of a quantitative research can be used as a support to future
researches for it is said that these outcomes are reliable, what
characteristics of quantitative research is being applied?
a. Close- b. Highly- c. Numerical d. Reusable
ended reliable outcome outcome
questions outcome

8. To ensure the reliability of data that will be gathered, what type of

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 sample is used in doing a quantitative research?
a. Large b. Small c. Neither a or e. None of
sample sample b the
above
9. What research methods are used in doing quantitative research?
a. Semi- b. Structure c. Unstructured d. None of
structured the
above
10. Quantitative research is done in a large sample size thus making its result
to be easily generalized, what characteristics of quantitative research is
being described?
a. Generaliza b. Highly- c. Numerical d. Reusabl
tion of reliable outcome e
outcome outcome outcom
e

CHARACTER
ENHANCEMENT

REFLECTION

Instruction: Reflect on the given question below. Write your answers in your
CSTC green booklet. ( 10pts)

1. In your own opinion as a student, what is the

significance of conducting a quantitative research?

5
 Qualitative Research vs.
LESSON 2 Quantitative Research
WEEK 2

KNOWLEDGE
ENRICHMENT

A. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:


Understand the advantage and disadvantages of
conducting Quantitative research;
 Enumerate the types of Quantitative research and
differentiate each one of them; and
 Reflect on the essence of having a a knowledge on the various
types of Quantitative research.
B. INTRODUCTION
As you already refresh your knowledge about research and its two types, you
will now be welcomed to the world of Quantitative Research. In Practical
Research 1 we focused about Qualitative research, the focus will now shift on
Quantitative research.

In this lesson, you will be lead upon the advantages and disadvantages of
Quantitative research, as well as its different types.

C. LESSON PROPER

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Advantages of Quantitative Research

1. Can be tested and checked – since it uses statistical analysis and
puts its focus on measurable data, the reliability of its results can be
tested and checked.
2. Straightforward analysis – statistical tests leads to results which
can be interpreted straightforwardly and less open to subjectivity.
6
 3. Prestige – quantitative research involves complex statistical
equations which makes it more valuable and impressive.

Disadvantages of Quantitative Research

1. False focus on numbers - can be limited in its pursuit of concrete,
statistical relationships, which can lead to researchers overlooking
broader themes and relationships.
2. Difficulty setting up research model - When you conduct
quantitative research, you need to carefully develop a hypothesis
and set up a model for collecting and analyzing data. 
3. Can be misleading – even if quantitative research is considered
credible for it utilizes statistical methods, it can still be misleading
and prone to subjectivity.

TYPES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

1. Descriptive research
Provides systematic information about a phenomenon and
describes the current status of an identified variable.

EXAMPLE : Level of Satisfaction Towards the Milktea

Products of I Love Milktea Sariaya of the Selected Customers

Descriptive research focuses only on the description of a

certain topic, the example above shows that the research will
center mainly on the level of satisfaction of the customers
towards the milktea products of the said store/branch. It will
only answer the “what” and not the “hows and whys”.

2. Correlational research
Attempts to determine the extent of the relationship
between two or more variables using statistical data.

EXAMPLE : Service Quality in Gong Cha Sm Lucena and the

Level of Satisfaction of the Selected Customers towards the
Milktea Products offered
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 The example above wanted to find out if there is a
relationship or correlation between the service quality of Gong
Cha Sm Lucena and the level of satisfaction of their selected
customers towards the milktea products that are offered/served
in their branch. This is an example of a correlation research
because it is clear that it seeks for the relationship between the
two topics mentioned.

3. Causal-comparative research
Attempts to establish cause-effect relationships among
variables. It also seeks to compare variables.

EXAMPLE : A Comparative Study on the Level of Customer

Satisfaction towards the Milktea Products offered by Gong
Cha and Cha Time

The aforementioned example seeks to find out the

level of customer satisfaction of the two different milktea
stores and then “compare” its results.

4. Experimental research
Uses scientific methods and/or experiments to establish a
cause-effect relationship among a group of variables that make
up the study.

EXAMPLE : Sambong (Blumea Balsamifera) as an Alternative

Tea Ingredient for Milktea
Since experimental research focuses on “scientific
method” or experiements, the example above shows an
experimentation on how the herbal plant Sambong(Blumea
Balsamifera) can be an alternative tea ingredient for milktea.

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SKILLS DEVELOPMENT

ACTIVITY 2. GUESS IT!

Instruction: Identify what type of quantitative research can the research topics
below be classified into. Write your answers in your CSTC green booklet. (5pts
each).

1. Significance of Product Advertising in Customer Retention

2. Level of Competency in Food and Beverage Services

3. Effects of Online Classes towards the Mental Health of Students

4. A Comparative Analysis between the Modernized Jeepney and Ordinary

Jeepney

5. Effectiveness of Web Digital Library

ASSESSMENT

Instruction: Read the statements/questions carefully. Write the LETTER of your

answer in your CSTC green booklet. (1pt. each)

1. What advantage of quantitative research states that statistical tests leads

to results which can be interpreted straightforwardly and less open
to subjectivity?
a. Can be b. Prestige c. Straightforw d. None of
tested and ard analysis the above
checked
2. Quantitative research involves complex statistical equations which
makes it more valuable and impressive, which among the
advantages of quantitative research is defined?
a. Can be b. Prestige c. Straightforw d. None of
tested and ard analysis the above
checked
3. Results of quantitative research is less open to subjectivity because it
utilizes statistical tests, this is stated in what advantage of quantitative
research?
a. Can be b. Prestige c. Straightforw d. None of
tested and ard analysis the above

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 checked
4. Quantitative research focuses too much on numerical data which can lead
to researchers overlooking broader themes and relationships, which
among the disadvantages of quantitative research supports this ide?
a. Can be b. Difficulty c. False focus d. None of
misleadin setting up a on numbers the above
g model
5. What type of quantitative research attempts to determine the extent of
relationship between two variables?
a. Causal- b. Correlation c. Descriptive d. Experime
Comparati ntal
ve
6. Which among the types of quantitative research focuses on thecause-effect
relationship among variables?
a. Causal- b. Correlation c. Descriptive d. Experime
Comparati ntal
ve
7. What type of quantitative research uses scientific methods and/or
experiments to establish a cause-effect relationship among a group of
variables?
a. Causal- b. Correlation c. Descriptive d. Experime
Comparati ntal
ve
8. What type of quantitative research provides systematic information
about a phenomenon and describes the current status of it?
a. Causal- b. Correlation c. Descriptive d. Experime
Comparati ntal
ve
9. “Effects of Parental Involvement on the Academic Performance of Grade 12
Students” this research can be identified as what type of qualitative
research?
a. Causal- b. Correlation c. Descriptive d. Experimental
Comparati
ve
10 “Level of Competency in Automotive Servicing” in what type of
quantitative research does this research can be identified?
a. Causal- b. Correlation c. Descriptive d. Experime
Comparati ntal
ve

10
CHARACTER
ENHANCEMENT

REFLECTION

Instruction: Reflect on the given question below. Write your answers in your
CSTC green booklet. ( 10pts)

1. In three to five (3-5) sentences explain the essence of

having the knowledge about the different types of
quantitative research.

11
LESSON 3 Quantitative Research Topics
WEEK 3

KNOWLEDGE
ENRICHMENT

A. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:


Understand the guidelines given in choosing a research topic ;

Provide list of research topics which they are interested to
pursue ; and
 Reflect on the importance of choosing a good research topic on the
process of conducting research.
B. INTRODUCTION
At this point, you already have an idea of what quantitative research is, we will
now proceed in selecting your research topics. Choosing a research topic is one
of the most essential decisions which you will make in doing your research.
During this lesson, you will be guided on what research topics you should avoid
and how you will choose a research topic. Go and have fun starting the research
process!

C. Lesson Proper

GUIDELINES IN CHOOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC

1. Interest in the Subject Matter

Your interest in the topic may be caused by your rich background
knowledge about it and by its novelty; meaning, its unfamiliarity to you.
Your real interest in a subject pushes you to research, investigate, or
inquire about it with full motivation, enthusiasm, and energy.

2. Availability of Information

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Collecting a lot of information as evidence to support your claims about
your subject matter from varied forms of literature like books, journals,
and newspapers, among others, are a part and parcel of any research
work. Hence, in choosing a research topic, visit your library to check the
availability of reading materials on your chosen topic.

3. Timeliness and Relevance of the Topic

The topic is relevant if it yields results that are instrumental in societal
improvement. It is timely if it is related to the present.

4. Limitations of the Subject

This makes you link your process of choosing a topic with your course
requirements. For example, to make you complete the requirements your
teacher instructs you to submit a paper that will apply the key principles
you learned in business psychology, education, and so on. In this case,
you have no freedom to choose your topic based on your interest but have
to decide on one topic to finish your course.

5. Personal Resources
Before sticking fully to your final choice, assess your research abilities in
terms of your financial standing, health condition, mental capacity,
needed facilities, and time allotment to enable you to complete your
research. Imagine, yourself pouring much time and effort into its initial
stage, only to find out later that you are unable to complete it because you
failed to raise the amount needed for questionnaire printing and interview
trips (Barbour, 2014).

RESEARCH TOPICS TO BE AVOIDED

1. Controversial Topics. These are topics that depend greatly on the

writer’s opinion, which may tend to be biased or prejudicial. Facts
cannot support topics like these.
2. Highly Technical Subjects. For a beginner, researching topics that
require advanced study, technical knowledge, and vast experience is a
very difficult task.

13
3. Hard-to-Investigate Subjects. A subject is hard to investigate if there
are no available reading materials about it and if such materials are not
up-to-date.
4. Too Broad Subjects. Topics that are too broad will prevent you from
giving a concentrated or in-depth analysis of the subject matter of the
paper. The remedy to this is to narrow or limit the topic to a smaller
one.
5. Too Narrow Subject. These subjects are so limited or specific that
detailed searching or reading for information about these is necessary.
6. Vague Subjects. Choosing topics like these will prevent you from
having a clear focus on your paper. For instance, a title beginning with
indefinite adjectives such as several, many, some, etc., as in “Some
Remarkable Traits of a Filipino” is vague enough to decrease the
readers’ interests and curiosity.

SKILLS DEVELOPMENT

ACTIVITY 3. WORD MAP

Instruction: Fill in the word map below with ten (10) words/topics which you
think are related to your STRAND. (2pts each)

STRAND

ASSESSMENT

14
Instructions: List down five (5) research topics that must be related to your
chosen strands, consider the guidelines in choosing a research topic in making
your decision. (5pts each).

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

CHARACTER
ENHANCEMENT

REFLECTION

Instruction: Reflect on the given question below. Write your answers in your
CSTC green booklet. (10pts)

1. If you are to be asked to add one guideline in

choosing a research topic, what would it be and why?

LESSON 4 Formulating Research Objectives

15
WEEK 4

KNOWLEDGE
ENRICHMENT

A. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:


Know what a research objective is and understand the
guidelines in writing it;
 Construct their own research objectives ; and
 Realize the importance constructing a clear and specific research
objective in the research process.
B. INTRODUCTION
Now that you already have a knowledge on how to choose a research topic, you
will now learn how to formulate a research objective. A problem always starts
with a question, a curious mind leads to discovery of endless knowledge, that is
how important a research objective is. It will guide you in the path of solving the
problem you are entailed to.

C. LESSON PROPER

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

- determine the scope, depth and the overall direction of the

research.

- Are the steps you are going to take to answer your research
questions or a specific list of tasks needed to accomplish the goals
of the study.
- Emphasize how aims are to be accomplished
- Must be highly focused and feasible
- Address the more immediate project outcomes

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 - Make accurate use of concepts and be sensible and precisely
described
- Are usually numbered so that each objective reads as an
'individual' statement to convey your intentions

For each specific objective you must have a method to attempt to achieve
it. The development of a realistic time schedule may help to prioritize
your objectives and help to minimize wasted time and effort.

CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

1. Clear - The wording should have to be very clear and very well
defined.
2. Complete - completeness is necessary because you will be able to
decide the extent of your research from your research objectives. A
complete research objective should have information about the
population to be studied.
3. Specific - research objectives should specifically focus on the
what, how when and where questions and there should be no
loopholes.
4. Identify the main variables of the research - In the research
objectives the researcher decides about the main variables of the
study. The variables are the measurable concepts or quantities that
will majorly impact the research. 
5. Identify the direction of the relationship - Some research studies
have hypothesis, in hypothesis testing studies the researcher
should define the direction in which he want to test the variables. 
Example :

Research topic - Service Quality in Gong Cha Sm Lucena and the Level of
Satisfaction of the Selected Customers towards the Milktea Products offered

17
Research objectives :
- to measure the service quality Gong Cha Sm Lucena offers
- to determine the Level of Satisfaction of the customers of Gong Cha Sm
Lucena
- to identify whether there is a significant relationship between the service
quality and level of satisfaction as perceived by the customers of Gong
Cha Sm Lucena

SKILLS DEVELOPMENT

ACTIVITY 4. MATCHING TYPE

Instruction: Match Column A which contains the research topics with its
corresponding research objective in Column B. Write the letters of your answers
in your CSTC green booklet. (2pts each)

COLUMN A
1. Level of Awareness in
Computer Parts
2. Significance of Using Personal
Protective Equipments in Welding
3. Exposure in Gadgets and Its
Effect on the Health of Toddlers
4. Parental Involvement and its
Relationship on the Academic
Performance of High School
Students
5. Study habits and its effect on the
Academic Achievement
COLUMN B
A. to determine the significance of
using personal protective
equipments in welding.
B. to determine if there is a
significant relationship between
parental involvement and the
academic performance of
students.
C. to measure the extent of effect
exposure in gadgets have on
the health of toddlers
D. to describe the level of
awareness of the students in
computer parts.
E. to determine the effects of
study habits on academic
achievement.

ASSESSMENT
18
Instructions: Out of the five(5) research topics that you have submitted in
ASSESSMENT part of Lesson 3, choose one and formulate your own research
objectives. (20pts.)

Example: Effects of Blended Learning on the Academic Performance of Grade 12

Senior High School Students in CSTC Sariaya

Research objectives:

- To measure the current academic performance of the students

- To determine the effects of blended learning on the academic
performance of students.

Research topic : _______________________________________________

Research objectives

- _____________________________
- _____________________________

APPLICATION

Instructions : Submit your final research topic with the corresponding research
objectives through google forms that will be provided/sent by your Practical
Research 2 teacher. (50pts.)

CHARACTER
19
ENHANCEMENT
REFLECTION

Instruction: Read and understand the question below. Write your answers in
your CSTC green booklet. (10pts)

1. In three to five (3-5) sentences state your opinion

on the importance constructing a clear and specific
research objective in the research process.

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