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Padlan, Syra May M. - Endocrine System Assignment PDF
Padlan, Syra May M. - Endocrine System Assignment PDF
ASSIGNMENT ON TOPIC 6
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Answer the following questions briefly. Don’t forget to cite your reference
1. Explain how the hypothalamus of the brain controls the endocrine system.
The hypothalamus is the main link between the nervous system and the endocrine system
through the pituitary gland. The release of each hormone of the pituitary gland is controlled by
the releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus. It liberates
these regulatory hormones into the blood of the portal circulation, which connects the blood
supply of the hypothalamus with that of the anterior pituitary.
3. Name the three chemical categories for classifying hormones and give some examples.
a. Amino acid-based molecules include proteins, peptides, and amines.
- Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), Growth Hormone (GH), Prolactin (PRL), Follicle
Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Thyroid-stimulating Hormone
(TSH), Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Melatonin, Thyroxine and
Triiodothyronine, Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), Thymosin, Epinephrine and
norepinephrine, Insulin, Glucagon
b. Steroid Hormones are made from cholesterol.
- Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids, Androgen, Estrogen, Progesterone
c. Prostaglandins are made from highly active lipids released from nearly all cell membranes
- Prostaglandin (PGs)
-
4. Discuss the 3 ways in which endocrine glands are stimulated to secrete their
hormones.
a. Hormonal Stimuli are the most common stimuli in which endocrine organs are prodded into
action by other hormones.
b. Humoral Stimuli are stimuli that cause the release of hormones by changing blood levels of
certain ions and nutrients.
c. In Neural Stimuli, nerve fibers stimulate hormone release which endocrine cells respond to.
5. What are the 2 important differences between endocrine and exocrine glands?
Endocrine Glands lose their ducts and their secretion is directly into the blood vessels.
Exocrine Glands retain their ducts and their secretions exit through the ducts to the epithelial
surface.
7. In a tabular form, identify the 9 major endocrine glands and some of their hormones
following the format below.
Gland Hormone Action
Hypothalamus Hormones released by the posterior pituitary; Releasing and inhibiting
hormones that regulate the anterior pituitary
Parathyroid Gland
• Posterior Lobe ▪ Oxytocin Stimulates contraction of the uterus
and the milk “let-down” reflex
▪ Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Promotes retention of water by
kidneys
Reference
Marieb, E. N., & Keller, S. M. (2017). Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology (12th ed.).
Pearson.