Communication AReview PDF

WELCOME
BACK!
REFRESHER
SOME FEEDBACK ON
ACTIVITY 1
1. Read (and re-read) the
question carefully so that
you can truly understand
it. Focus on answering
the question.
2. Avoid circular explanations.
Here are some examples: (a)
purposive communication is
communicating with a
purpose; (b) critical evaluation
is helpful in evaluating facts,
opinions, etc.
3. Do not rely too much on sources.
We only cite references to support our
OWN ideas. We need to ensure that
we still have our own ideas and we
simply do not fully copy-paste ideas
from a source. If you can answer a
question using your own ideas, kindly
do so.
4. Use the proper APA format in citing
your sources. There should be both an
in-text citation style and a references
section whenever we cite our sources.
IN-TEXT CITATION
 According to Leo (2019), purposive
communication is all about one’s
motive for conveying the message and
determining the most effective
approach to achieve the desired
outcome.
REFERENCES
Leo, A. (2019, January Purposive
26).
communication: what is it and why does
it matter? Medium.
https://medium.com/purposeful-
communications/purposeful-
communication-what-is-it-and-why-does-
it-matter-c9520edf0478
SOME GOOD ANSWERS ON
ACTIVITY 1
ITEM # 1
Bautista & Rivera (2023):
“…intercultural awareness goes beyond understanding a single culture; it entails the

ability to interact effectively and appropriately with people from diverse cultures. It
necessitates recognizing and understanding the similarities and differences
between cultures and adapting our communication and behaviour to accommodate
distinction.”
ITEM # 1
Doctora & Terrible (2023):
“…we need to know the importance of conveying the message responsibly. If

you say vague words vulgarly without responsibility, you'll make mixed
signals that can affect the mind of those who’re not that good at reading
human behaviors and those innocent people who don’t know about
psychology. Make sure to convey your message carefully so no one will
misunderstand what you want to say.”
ITEM # 1
Estopia & Zamora (2023):
“Language can make the community communicate with their lingo which is
laid also to the identity of one community and its people.”
ITEM # 1
Magnaye & Sollosa (2023):
“Language has influence on society on its own. Society may be molded by it.
A society can be destroyed through language as well.”
ITEM # 2
What makes communication purposive?
Advencula & Dela Cruz (2023):
“…communication is purposeful when it is employed to accomplish a certain

aim or purpose. It is crucial to take into account the message's clarity,
relevance, audience, objectives, and response in order to make
communication purposeful.”
ITEM # 2
Bautista & Rivera (2023):
“Purposive communication is an intentional form of communication with a

specific goal or desired outcome to achieve such as informing, entertaining,
influencing, building relationships, or persuading. It is planned and executed
with a clear purpose and the speaker or author is sensible to their topic,
target audience, and objectives.”
ITEM # 2
Doctora & Terrible (2023):
“Good communication depends on knowing what the goal of the

communication it is because it helps people reach their intended audience
and get the results they want…For purposeful communication to be effective,
it is necessary to be precise, clear, and aware of the audience's requirements
and expectations.”
ITEM # 2
Mulingbayan & Tan (2023):
“Purposive communication is intentional and aimed at achieving a specific

goal or objective. The communication must have a clear message and be
directed towards a particular audience or recipient. The sender must also
have a clear intention or purpose for the communication.”
COMMUNICATION:
A REVIEW
PRESENTED BY
KRISTOFFER AARON G.
TIÑA
COMMUNICATION: A REVIEW
OBJECTIVES
 Discuss several definitions of
communication.
 Review the components of

communication through different
models.
 Classify different types of

communication.
COMMUNICATION
The human
is the key to personal and
connection
careerSUCCESS
— Paul J.
Meyer
WHAT IS
COMMUNICATION?
GROUP 1: WOOD
(2012)
“Communication is a systemic process in
which people interact with and through
symbols to create and interpret
meanings.”
GROUP 2: SIGBOND
(n.d.)
“Communication is the transmission and
reception of ideas, feelings and
attitudes both verbally and non-
verbally eliciting a response. It is a
dynamic concept underlying all kinds of
living systems.”
GROUP 3: MENDO & PLAZA

(n.d.)
"Communication is a process of social
interaction of a verbal or non-verbal
nature, with intentionality of
transmission and that can influence,
with and without intention, in the
behaviour of the people who are in the
coverage of said emission.”
GROUP 4: DEL SOCORRO FONSECA (2015)

"To communicate is to come to share
something of ourselves. It is a specific
rational and emotional quality of man that
arises from the need to get in touch with
others, exchanging ideas that acquire
meaning or meaning according to common
previous experiences.”
GROUP 5: HEDGE (n.d.)

“Communication can be thought of as an attempt to
achieve as complete and as accurate an
understanding as possible between two or more
people. It is an act characterised by a desire in
one or more individuals to exchange information,
ideas or feelings. This desire is implemented by
using symbols, signs, actions and pictures as well
another verbal and non-verbal element in speaking
and writing.”
GROUP 6: MYERS & MYERS (1973)

“Communication refers to a special kind of
patterning: a patterning which is expressed in
symbolic form. For communication to take place
between or among people, two requirements must be
met: (1) a symbolic system must be shared by the
people involved (we need to speak the same
language or jargon or dialects) and (2) the
associations between the symbols and their
referents must be shared.”
COMMUNICATION
MODELS
ARISTOTLE’S
COMMUNICATION MODEL
SPEAKER SPEECH AUDIENCE EFFECT

LASWELL’S
COMMUNICATION MODEL
IN WHICH WITH WHAT

WHO? SAYS WHAT? CHANNEL?
TO WHOM? EFFECT?
COMMUNICATOR MESSAGE MEDIUM RECEIVER EFFECT

THE SHANNON-WEAVER
COMMUNICATION MODEL
INFORMATION TRANSMITTER RECEPTION DESTINATION

SOURCE
SENDER ENCODER CHANNEL DECODER RECEIVER
NOISE
BERLO’S S-M-C-R
COMMUNICATION MODEL
COMM. SKILLS ELEMENTS SEEING COMM. SKILLS
ATTITUDES STRUCTURE HEARING ATTITUDES
KNOWLEDGE CONTENT TOUCHING KNOWLEDGE
SOC. SYSTEM TREATMENT SMELLING SOC. SYSTEM
CULTURE CODE TASTING CULTURE
S M C R
SOURCE MESSAGE CHANNEL RECEIVER
OSGOOD-SCHRAMM
COMMUNICATION MODEL
MESSAGE
ENCODER ENCODER
INTERPRETER INTERPRETER
DECODER DECODER
MESSAGE
THE WESTLEY & MACLEAN

COMMUNICATION MODEL
X = ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
X A = SENDER
F
X¹ B = RECEIVER
F C= GATEKEEPER
X X¹
F = FEEDBACK
X² X³
A B C X¹ = SENSORY EXPERIENCE
X¹
X X² = OBJECT OF ORIENTATION
(SENDER)
X³ = OBJECT OF ORIENTATION
X¹ (RECEIVER)
X
BARNLUND’S
COMMUNICATION MODEL
P : PERSON
D : DECODING
E : ENCODING
Cpu : PUBLIC CUES
Cpr : PRIVATE CUES
Cbehₙᵥ : NON-VERBAL BEHAVIORAL

CUES
DANCE’S HELICAL
COMMUNICATION MODEL
ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION
BASIC ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION
ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION
 Sender pertains to the source of the message.
 Message refers to content to be transmitted.
 Medium means the channels in which the message is

transmitted (face to face, written, radio,
television, email, social media, etc.).
 Receiver refers to the person to whom the message

is sent.
 Feedback means the response of the receiver.

IS SILENCE
A FEEDBACK?
ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION
 Context means the circumstances or environment in
which communication takes place which includes
the physical setting, the relationship between
participants, and the rules to be observed within
that setting and/or relationship.
Give a situation in
which context shapes
the appropriateness
of a communication.
CONTEXT SITUATION
CHANNEL LIMITS OR SHAPES MESSAGES.
Message has
content,
structure and
style.
SPEAKER LISTENERS
Message is Purpose,
affected by knowledge, skills,
speaker’s purpose, and attitudes
knowledge, skills, affect listener’s
attitudes, and FEEDBACK interpretation of
credibility. Message has the message.
content,
structure and
style.
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
ACCORDING TO MODE
 Verbal Communication operates through spoken/oral
language.
 Nonverbal Communication uses bodily expressions

to express a message.
TYPES OF NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
 Kinesics includes body movements, gestures, and
facial expressions.
 Chronemics pertains to how people use, perceive,

and structure their time.
 Proxemics means the interpersonal space to

regulate intimacy.
TYPES OF NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
 Paralinguistics includes factors such as tone,
loudness, inflection, and pitch.
 Haptics is communicating through touch.
 Oculesics is communicating through the eyes such

gazing and eye movement.
 Appearance involves the way a person visually

presents themselves to an audience.
ACCORDING TO MODE
 Written Communication involves transmitting a
message using text symbols to be read by the
receiver.
 Visual Communication is the use of visual

elements such as pictures, graphs, and signs.
What are the

advantages and
disadvantages of
each type of
communication based
on mode?
ACCORDING TO RELATIONSHIP & PURPOSE
 Interpersonal communication also means an
intimate conversation that deepens the
participants’ personal relationships.
 Transactional communication, on the other hand,

is an impersonal conversation that involves the
exchange of good, services, or information.
Give a situation in
which the line between
interpersonal and
transactional
communication gets
blurred.
ACCORDING TO CONTEXT AND SIZE
 Intrapersonal Communication is the act of
‘talking to oneself’ or in other words, private
thoughts.
 Interpersonal Communication is communication

between and among two or more people.
Is praying an
interpersonal or
intrapersonal form
of communication?
 Public Communication is one-way communication
with large live audience.
 Mass Communication is one-way communication with

large audience and which uses mass media such as
print, radio, television or social media for
transmission.
 Extended Communication, also known as Mediated

Communication is communication that involves the
use of Information and Communication (ICT) tools.
It consists of video communication, audio
communication, and text-based communication.
 Organizational Communication is the type of
communication within or between institution/s
and is characterized by hierarchy.
 Intercultural Communication is the kind of

communication between or among people of
linguistic, religious, ethnic, social, and
professional differences.
TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL
COMMUNICATION
 Upward Communication is defined by a flow of
message from subordinates to superiors.
 Downward Communication is characterized by the

flow of message from superiors to subordinates.
 Lateral/Horizontal Communication is an exchange

of message between or among organizational
members of the same rank.
TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL
COMMUNICATION
 Crosswise/Diagonal Communication is transmission
of message from different units/departments at
various levels/ranks.
 External Communication is the flow of message

from the organization to an outside party.
ACCORDING TO STYLE
 Formal Communication involves the spread of the
message through what are considered as official
channels in structured/organized manner and
in a professional and academic language.
 Informal Communication is the dissemination of a

message through unofficial channels which use a
more personal/casual and spontaneous language.
What are the advantages

and disadvantages of
formal and informal
communication within an
organization?
REFERENCES AND
RECOMMENDED READINGS
 8 communication models (n.d.). Retrieved April 8,
2023 from
https://pumble.com/learn/communication/communicat
ion-models/
 Definition of communication according to 5

authors. Retrieved April 8, 2023 from
https://www.lifepersona.com/definition-of-
communication-according-to-5-authors
 Types of communication (n.d.). Retrieved April 8,

2023 from
https://pumble.com/learn/communication/communicat
REFERENCES AND
RECOMMENDED READINGS
 Surbhi, S. (2018). Difference between formal and
informal communication. Retrieved April 8, 2023
from https://keydifferences.com/difference-
between-formal-and-informal-communication.html
 What is formal and informal communication?

(Complete guide) (n.d.). Retrieved April 8, 2023
from https://status.net/articles/formal-
communication-informal-communication/
END OF
PRESENTATION

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WELCOME

Bautista & Rivera (2023):

“…intercultural awareness goes beyond understanding a single culture; it entails the

Doctora & Terrible (2023):

“…we need to know the importance of conveying the message responsibly. If

Estopia & Zamora (2023):

Magnaye & Sollosa (2023):

Advencula & Dela Cruz (2023):

“…communication is purposeful when it is employed to accomplish a certain

Bautista & Rivera (2023):

“Purposive communication is an intentional form of communication with a

Doctora & Terrible (2023):

“Good communication depends on knowing what the goal of the

Mulingbayan & Tan (2023):

“Purposive communication is intentional and aimed at achieving a specific

 Review the components of

 Classify different types of

GROUP 3: MENDO & PLAZA

GROUP 4: DEL SOCORRO FONSECA (2015)

GROUP 5: HEDGE (n.d.)

GROUP 6: MYERS & MYERS (1973)

SPEAKER SPEECH AUDIENCE EFFECT

IN WHICH WITH WHAT

COMMUNICATOR MESSAGE MEDIUM RECEIVER EFFECT

INFORMATION TRANSMITTER RECEPTION DESTINATION

SENDER ENCODER CHANNEL DECODER RECEIVER

COMM. SKILLS ELEMENTS SEEING COMM. SKILLS

ATTITUDES STRUCTURE HEARING ATTITUDES

KNOWLEDGE CONTENT TOUCHING KNOWLEDGE

SOC. SYSTEM TREATMENT SMELLING SOC. SYSTEM

CULTURE CODE TASTING CULTURE

THE WESTLEY & MACLEAN

Cpu : PUBLIC CUES

Cpr : PRIVATE CUES

Cbehₙᵥ : NON-VERBAL BEHAVIORAL

 Message refers to content to be transmitted.

 Medium means the channels in which the message is

 Receiver refers to the person to whom the message

 Feedback means the response of the receiver.

 Nonverbal Communication uses bodily expressions

 Chronemics pertains to how people use, perceive,

 Proxemics means the interpersonal space to

 Haptics is communicating through touch.

 Oculesics is communicating through the eyes such

 Appearance involves the way a person visually

 Visual Communication is the use of visual

What are the

 Transactional communication, on the other hand,

 Interpersonal Communication is communication

 Mass Communication is one-way communication with

 Extended Communication, also known as Mediated

 Intercultural Communication is the kind of

 Downward Communication is characterized by the

 Lateral/Horizontal Communication is an exchange

 External Communication is the flow of message

 Informal Communication is the dissemination of a

What are the advantages