Conditional Sentences

1. You got into so much trouble because you didn’t listen to me.
→ If______________________________________________________________
2. There are so many bugs in the room because there isn’t a screen on the window.
→ If______________________________________________________________
3. He is busy right now. So, he can’t help them.
→ If______________________________________________________________
4. I can’t make all of my own meals because I am not good at cooking.
→ If______________________________________________________________
5. I’m not you, so I can’t tell him the truth.
→ If I_____________________________________________________________
6. She came, so he wasn’t disappointed.
→ If______________________________________________________________
7. He is not a good student. He didn’t study for the test yesterday.
→ If______________________________________________________________
8. I didn’t eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am hungry now.
→ If______________________________________________________________
9. Mai is sick because she didn’t follow the doctor’s orders.
→ If______________________________________________________________
10. He is tired this morning because he didn’t go to bed early last night.
→ If______________________________________________________________
11. They don’t behave themselves so their parents are not happy about that.
→ If______________________________________________________________
12. She didn’t say sorry so he was angry.
→ If______________________________________________________________
13. I am not a rich businessman and I can’t afford to buy an expensive car.
→ If______________________________________________________________
14. It rained last night so I didn’t go to the barbecue.
→ If______________________________________________________________
15. My parents do not allow me to go, so I have to stay at home.
→ If______________________________________________________________
16. She doesn’t pay attention to her cooking so the food is horrible.
→ If______________________________________________________________
17. The weather was very nice so we didn’t go camping.
→ If______________________________________________________________
18. The computer broke down and I had to stop my work.
→ If______________________________________________________________
19. She loves him so she forgives him easily.
→ If______________________________________________________________
20. He was angry so I didn’t say anything.
→ If______________________________________________________________
II) Multiple choices
21. If I ……….a lot of money now, I …………..a new car.
a. have /will buy b. have / would buy
c. had/ will buy d. had/ would buy.
22. If I ……………you, I …………….do that.
a. am/ will b. were /would
c. were/ will d. had been/ would.
23. If I were offered the job, I think I ………. it.

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 a. take b. will take
c. would take d. would have taken.
24. I would be very surprised if he……………..
a. refuses b. refused
c. had refused d. would refuse.
25. Many people would be out of work if that factory………..down.
a. closes b. had closed
c. closed d. would close.
26. 6. If she sold her car, she ………… much money.
a. gets b. would get
c. will get d. would have got.
27. They would be disappointed if we…………….
a. hadn’t come b. wouldn’t come
c. don’t come d. didn’t come.
28. Would John be angry if I ……. ……his bicycle without asking?
a. take b. took c. had taken d. would take.
29. She ……….terrible upset if I lost this ring.
a. will be b. would be c. were d. had been.
30. If someone…………in here with a gun, I would be very frightened.
a. would walk b. walks c. had walked d. walked.
31. What would happen if you ……………..to work tomorrow?
a. don’t go b. didn’t go c. won’t go d. wouldn’t go.
32. We ‘ll get wet if we ………….out.
a. go b. did go c. went d. had gone.
33. If I go shopping, I ………some food.
a. buy b. will buy
c. would buy d. would have bought.
34. If I find it, I ………you.
a. will tell b. would tell c. had told d. told.
35. What would you do if you……………a million dollars?
a. would win b. win c. had won d. won.
36. They ‘d be hurt if I ……………….
a. don’t go b. didn’t go c. hadn’t gone d. wouldn’t go.
37. If we took the 6: 30 train, we…………too early.
a. would have arrived b. arrived
c. will arrived d. would arrive.
38. If I had known you were in hospital, I …………to see you.
a. will go b. would go
c. went d. would have gone.
39. If I …………., I would have said hello.
a. had seen b. see c. saw d. would see.
40. I…………..out if I hadn’t been so tired.
a. will go b. went c. would have gone d. would go.
41. If I ………..a camera, I would have taken some pictures.
a. have b. had c. would have d. had had.
42. You won’t pass the examination……………you study more.
a. as long as b. unless c. if d. whether.
43. If only I …………you wanted to invest money in business.
a. had known b. knew c. have known d. know.
44. If I were to leave my country , I ……………disappointed.
a. probably be b. would have been c. will be d. would be.

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45. If he hadn’t wasted too much time, he…………….in his examination.
a. would fail b. wouldn’t fail
c. wouldn’t have failed. d. won’t fail.
46. If I had taken that English course, I ………..much progress.
a. had made b. would have made
c. made d. would make.
47. If I were in your place, I ……….a trip to England.
a. will make b. had made c. made. d. would make.
48. If I ………….. you , I’d save some of your lottery winning.
a. be b. were c. am d. was
49. If the car ……….. larger, we would have bought it.
a. had been b. have been c. has been d. been
50. If I had enough money, I ……… abroad to improve my English.
a. will go b. should go c. would go d. should have go to
51. If it …….. convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight.
a. be b. was c. were d. is
52. If you ……. time, please write to me.
a. have b. have had c. had d. has
53. If you had the chance, ………… you go finishing?
a. did b. would c. may d. do
54. Trees won’t grow ……….. there is enough water.
a. if b. when c. unless d. as
55. If you ………. to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now.
a. listen b. had listened c. will listen d. listened
56. I wish I …….. you some money for your rent, but I’m broke myself.
a. can lend b. could lend c. would lend d. will lend
57. If someone ……… into the store, smile and say, “ May I help you?”
a. comes b. came c. would come d. could lend
58. If you stay up late the previous night, you ………. sleepy the next morning.
a. feel b. to feel c. feels d. will feel
59. If Peter ……, Sarah will be sad because she wants to meet him very much
a. comes b. do not come c. does not come d. will come
60. If his teeth still …….., he will have to go to the dentist’s again.
a. hurt b. hurts c. to hurt c. will hurt
61. If you…………Tom , tell him I have a message for him.
a. will meet b. would meet c. meet d. met
62. If you …………too hot during the night , turn down the central heating.
a. will feel b. felt c. feel d. feels.
63. If you …………with your dictionary, I ‘d like to borrow it.
a. finish b. finished c. will finish d. are finishing.
64. If I lived nearer the centre , I …………always late.
a. wouldn’t be b. can be c. won’t be d. will be.
65. What would Lan do if she …………..the Miss world.
a. would be b. were c. will be d. is.
66. If I ………….her , I would have said “ hello”
a. has seen b. have seen c. saw d. had seen.
67. If she had read the passage more slowly , the candidate………….
a. understood. b. would have understood
c. will understood d. would understand.
68. If it……………, they will not go out.
a. rains b. rained c. rain d. raining.

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69. James will not complete the work if she is …………..rarely enough.
a. tell b. telling c. tells d. told.
70. Betty will not go to the party unless John ……………….too.
a. go b. went c. going d. goes
71. Miss An does not want to go on the trip if nobody…………..with her.
a. go b. goes c. went d. going.
72. If you ………….to go shopping, please go with your aunt this weekend.
a. wants b. want c. wanting d. wanted.
73. Mr. Smith has to work on weekends if his manager………….him to.
a. tell b. telling c. told d. tells.
74. Unless they ……………her to work hard, she would not.
a. encourage b. encourage c. encourages d. encouraging.
75. If I ……….a king, I would give money to the poor .
a. is b. are c. am d. were.
76. If we had left this country , we would have………….to Australia.
a. emigrated b. emigrates c. emigrate d. emigrating.
77. If I had to the party last night, I …………her.
a. will have met. b. would meet c. would have met d. will meet.
78. Unless the pupils pay attention, the teacher …………….be angry.
a. would b. may c. will d. might.
79. Please do not go out if it……………….
a. rain b. rains c. rained d. raining.
80. If you …………me with this exercise, I will do the same for you one day.
a. helped b. would help c. help d. will help.
81. If you listen to music, you can’t ……………your study.
a. concentrate on b. interested in c. care about d. read about.
82. ……………you study harder, you won’t pass the final exam.
a. unless b. if c. if not d. without.
83. If the weather………….fine, we will go on a picnic.
a. is b. were c. would be d. will be.
84. If he………………….harder, the results will be better.
a. worked b. works c. has worked d. will work.
85. If Americans ate fewer foods with sugar and salt, their general health...better
a. be b. will be c. is d. would be.
86. If she hadn’t overslept, she ………..late for the interview.
a. wouldn’t be b. wouldn’t have been
c. hadn’t been d. would have been
87. I’d have told you if I …………..the book.
a. had seen b. would have seen c. saw d. see.
88. If we had known your new address, we…………..to see you.
a. came b. would have come c. would come d. will come.
89. If I found a wallet in the street, I ………….take it to police.
a. will b. should c. would d. shall
90. I ………….that coat if I were you.
a. wouldn’t buy b. didn’t buy c. don’t buy d. won’t buy.

Exercise 1: Listen and write the headings for each paragraph. (Track 14)
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 CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION
Paragraph 1: ..................................................................................................................
Paragraph 2: ..................................................................................................................
Paragraph 3: ..................................................................................................................
Paragraph 4: ..................................................................................................................
Paragraph 5: ..................................................................................................................

Exercise 2: Listen and complete the text. (Track 15)

Solution to air pollution

Most people agree that to curb global warming, a variety of (1) .................. need to be taken.
On a personal level, driving and flying less, recycling, and conservation reduces a person’s
“carbon footprint” - the amount of carbon dioxide a person is (2) .................. for putting into
the atmosphere.
On a larger scale, governments are taking measures to limit (3) ....................... of carbon
dioxide and other greenhouse gases. The Paris Agreement, a voluntary agreement among 118
nations ratified on November 4, 2016, is one effort being enacted on a global scale to combat
(4) .................. change. As a part of the agreement, each country agreed to take measures to
combat climate change, with the ultimate goal of keeping the post- industrial global
temperature rise below two degrees Celsius. Another method is to put taxes on carbon
emissions or higher taxes on gasoline, so that individuals and (5) .................. will have
greater incentives to conserve energy and pollute less.

Exercise 3: Read and put the headings into the correct paragraphs. (There is one extra)

1. Effect on health of humans 4. Toxic dust

2. Effect on growth of plants 5. Changes in temperature
3. Decreased soil fertility 6. Changes in soil structure
Effects of Soil Pollution
1. ............................................................: Considering how soil is the reason we are able to
sustain ourselves, the contamination of it has major consequences on our health. Crops and
plants grown on polluted soil absorb much of the pollution and then pass these on to us. This
could explain the sudden surge in small and terminal illnesses.
2. ............................................................: The ecological balance of any system gets affected
due to the widespread contamination of the soil. Most plants are unable to adapt when the
chemistry of the soil changes so radically in a short period of time. Fungi and bacteria found
in the soil that bind it together begin to decline, which creates an additional problem of soil
erosion.
3. ............................................................: The toxic chemicals present in the soil can
decrease soil fertility and therefore decrease in the soil yield. The contaminated soil is then
used to produce fruits and vegetables which lacks quality nutrients and may contain some
poisonous substance to cause serious health problems in people consuming them.
4. ............................................................: The emission of toxic and foul gases from landfills
pollutes the environment and causes serious effects on health of some people. The unpleasant
smell causes inconvenience to other people.

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 5. ............................................................: The death of many soil organisms (e.g.
earthworms) in the soil can lead to alteration in soil structure. Apart from that, it could also
force other predators to move to other places in search of food.

Exercise 4: Read and answer the questions.

Water pollution is a major global problem which requires ongoing evaluation and revision of
water resource policy at all levels. It has been suggested that water pollution is the leading
worldwide cause of deaths and diseases, and that it accounts for the deaths of more than
14,000 people daily. An estimated 580 people in India die of water pollution related illness
every day. About 90 percent of the water in the cities of China is polluted. As of 2007, half a
billion Chinese had no access to safe drinking water. In addition to the acute problems of
water pollution in developing countries, developed countries also continue to struggle with
pollution problems. For example, in the most recent national report on water quality in the
United States, 44 percent of assessed stream miles, 64 percent of assessed lake acres, and 30
percent of assessed bays and estuarine square miles were classified as polluted. The head of
China’s national development agency said in 2007 that one quarter the length of China’s
seven main rivers were so poisoned the water harmed the skin.
Water is typically referred to as polluted when it is impaired by anthropogenic contaminants
and either does not support a human use, such as drinking water, or undergoes a marked shift
in its ability to support its constituent biotic communities, such as fish. Natural phenomena
such as volcanoes, algae blooms, storms, and earthquakes also cause major changes in water
quality and the ecological status of water.
1. What is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases?
..........................................................................................................................................
2. How many people die every day by water pollution?
..........................................................................................................................................
3. How many percent of the water in the cities of China is polluted?
..........................................................................................................................................
5. What phenomena cause major changes in water quality and the ecological status of water?
..........................................................................................................................................

Exercise 5: Look at the picture, answer the questions. Then practise asking and answering
questions in oral speech.

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 1. What kind of vehicles are on the road?
..........................................................................................................................................
2. Are there many vehicles on the road?
..........................................................................................................................................
3. What are the people doing?
..........................................................................................................................................
4. Is this city polluted or fresh?
..........................................................................................................................................
5. Do you like living in this city? Why?
..........................................................................................................................................

Exercise 7: Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown.

1. I didn’t have an umbrella with me so I got wet.
I wouldn’t ........................................................................................................................
2. I’ll call the police if you don’t leave me alone.
Unless ..............................................................................................................................
3. In the snowy weather we don’t go to school.
If ......................................................................................................................................
4. Without Jack’s help, I wouldn’t have been able to move this table.
If ......................................................................................................................................
5. You drink too much coffee, that’s why you can’t sleep.
If you ...............................................................................................................................
6. Make me some coffee, and I’ll give you some sweets.
If ......................................................................................................................................
7. If you hadn’t told me about Sue’s hair, I wouldn’t have noticed her.
Unless ..............................................................................................................................

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 8. If you see Peter, tell him he should be here at 8 00.
Should .............................................................................................................................
Exercise 8: Rewrite the following sentences starting with if.
1. He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam.
If ......................................................................................................................................
2. She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam.
If ......................................................................................................................................
3. He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car.
If ......................................................................................................................................
4. He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough.
If ......................................................................................................................................
5. She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party.
If ......................................................................................................................................
6. He doesn’t take any exercises. He is so unhealthy.
If ......................................................................................................................................
7. Study hard or you won’t pass the exam.
If ......................................................................................................................................
8. Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes.
If ......................................................................................................................................
9. I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now.
If ......................................................................................................................................
10. I don’t buy that book because I don’t have enough money.
If ......................................................................................................................................