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CuttingPropagation 02
CuttingPropagation 02
of Propagation by
Cuttings
Dr. Fred Davies
Department of Horticultural Sciences
Texas A&M University
College Station, Texas
College Station, Texas
Cutting Propagation
ð
ð Is the clonal multiplication of plants with propagules of
stems, leaves or roots.
ð
ð Is the most important means for clonal regeneration of many
horticultural crops: ornamentals, fruits, nuts, vegetables.
horticultural crops: ornamentals, fruits, nuts, vegetables.
Adventitious Buds & Shoots
Shoot
Shoot
Bud
ð
ð Arise from any plant part other than terminal, lateral or
latent buds on stems.
ð
ð Form irregularly on older portions of a plant and not on the
stem tips or in leaf axils.
ð
ð An adventitious bud is an embryonic shoot.
Adventitious Roots
ð
ð Arise from any plant part other than by normal development
and ontogeny of the seedling root and its branches.
ð
ð Adventitious Roots can also be regenerated from
root
root pruned seedlings.
pruned seedlings.
Ficus pumila
Stem Anatomy (Creeping Fig)
Periderm
Sclereids
Cortex
Phloem
Phloem
Fibers
Fibers
Adventitious Roots
ð
ð Preformed Roots
ð
ð Wound
Wound Induced; formed De Novo (a new)
Induced; formed De Novo (a new)
De Novo Adventitious Root
Formation
ð
ð Dedifferentiation or remeristemation of parenchyma cells.
ð
ð Initiation of slightly organized cell groups (root initials).
ð
ð Root Primordia differentiation.
Root Primordia differentiation.
ð
ð Elongation or extension of Root Primordia
Dedifferentiation or remeristemation of
parenchyma cells.
1st Anticlinal
division
(phloem ray
parenchyma cell)
parenchyma cell)
Increased Vascular
Cambial Activity
Phloem Ray Parenchyma Cells
ð
ð All cells are initially parenchyma cells.
ð
ð Totipotency.
ð
ð Parenchyma cells can develope into other types of cells,
i.e. initially revert to meristematic cells in de novo rooting
ð
ð Phloem ““ Loading zone
Loading zone ” — rich in carbohydrates,
other metabolites.
ð
ð Auxin is translocated through phloem parenchyma cells.
Auxin is translocated through phloem parenchyma cells.
Initiation of Slightly Organized
Cell Groups (Root Initials)
Root Initial
Root Initial
Root Primordia Development
Root Cap Meristematic Cells
Cortex
Cortex
Elongation or Extension of Root
Primordia
Root Primordia
Root Primordia
Sclereids
Origin of Wound
Origin of Wound Induced
De Novo Adventitious Roots
ð
ð Phloem ray parenchyma
ð
ð Cambial and phloem portions of
vascular ray tissues
ð
ð Internal and external callus
(irregularly arranged
parenchymatous tissues).
parenchymatous tissues).
Adventitious Root Formation in
Ficus pumila (Creeping fig)
Juvenile Mature
First anticlinal cell divisions
ray parenchyma Day 4 Day 6
Food Dye
Mass Dipping
Cuttings
Cuttings
Dip ‘N Grow
Hare’s Rooting Powder
ð
ð Auxin (IBA)
ð
ð Rooting Cofactors (PZI, FPZ)
ð
ð Sugar (Sucrose)
ð
ð Fungicide (Captan)
ð
ð Growth Retardants
Growth Retardants
Juvenility and Maturity
ð
ð Auxins will only speed
up and enhance
rooting of cuttings.
ð
ð Difficult
Difficult to
to root species or cuttings taken from
physiologically mature stock plants may not
respond to auxin.
ð
ð Plant biotechnology — genes responsible for making the
plant tissue respond to auxin are more critical than
genes producing auxin.
genes producing auxin.
Seasonal Effect on Rooting
Mature Juvenile
Juvenile
Shoot RNA & Seasonal Effects
Shoot Apex
Low Rooting High Rooting
High Rooting
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