Rlmvbrsmtí Jgcdjjbi _rbjmbr

Bkg`b [upírmbur ib Ybkclg`gfmb i”Guaid  

Iípdrtbjbltt Jdldfbjblt
Iípdrtbjbl

@mkblkb _rgnbssmgllb``b

Jdldfbjbltt ib `d Kcdmlb bt ibs Gpírdtmgls

Jdldfbjbl Gpírdtmgls @gfmstmqubs

BU_
(Bltrbprmsb Ubssgurkb _`dllmlf)  

Blkdirí pdr 1

Uíd`msí pdr 1  -  Jjb.IGRMUM Hcdimad

-  DEEM Djmld
-  DJDUGRKCB @bm`d
-  DJDUD Mjdlb
-   LD[UM [dermlb
-  GRDNHM Deib`hdrmj

Dllíb ulmvbrsmtdmrb 1 5?43/5?4= 

 

Ubjbrkmbjblt 1

« @d rbkglldmssdlkb bst `d jíjgmrb

jíjgmrb iu kśur ¸ 
¸ 

Dvdlt i”bltdjbr kb rdppgrt, gl prgnmtb ib `”gkkdsmgl pgur rbjbrkmbr tgut i”degri

Jdidjb Igumrm hcdimad ib lgus dvgmr igllí kbttb kcdlkb ib prísbltbr `”bxpgsí sgus tcãjb
–BU_”«
–BU_”« Bltbrprmsb Ubssgurkb _`dllmlf ¸

Gl rbjbrkmb dussm tgutbs `bs pbrsgllbs qum glt pdrtmkmpí ib prãs gu ib `gml ï kb trdvdm`
bt ï `”í`degrdtmgl ib kbttb prísbltdtmgl 
prísbltdtmgl 

5
 

[gjjdmrb
Mltrgiuktmgl
Mltrgiuktmgl Fílírd` ...........................................
..................................................................
.............................................
.............................................
....................... 9

Kcdpmtrb 4 1 prísbltdtmgl iu BU_..........................

BU_..................................................
...............................................
.........................................
.................. 2

[bktmgl 4 1 iínmlmtmgl ib `”BU_ bt sgl rù`b 

rù`b  ...........................................
...................................................................
..................................
.......... 2

[bktmgl 5 1 `bs kdrdktírmstmqubs iu BU_.................................................................

BU_...................................................................................
.................. 6

[bktmgl ; 1 `bs dvdltdfbs bt `bs mlkglvílmblts ib `”BU_ 

`”BU_ ..........................................
.........................................................
............... 6

[bktmgl 9 1 `bs rmsqubs ib `” BU_

BU_ ....................
...........................................
..............................................
.............................................
..........................
.... =

Kcdpmtrb 5 1 `”blvmrgllbjblt bt `bs eílínmkbs ib `”BU_ ......................

.............................................
................................
......... 4?

[bktmgl 4 1 `b imnnírblt blvmrgllbjblt iu trdvdm` ib `”BU_

`”BU_ Bt sgl pírmjãtrb ib fbstmgl ..
fbstmgl  .. 4?

[bktmgl 5 1 `bs eílínmkbs ib `”BU_ pgur ulb bltrbprmsb 

bltrbprmsb  ...........................................
........................................................
............. 4>

[bktmgl ; 1 `”BU_ pbut-

pbut -m` s”didptbr dux rãf`bs ib fbstmgl ib Kcdqub bltrbprmsb 
bltrbprmsb  7 ..............
.............. 43

Kcdpmtrb ; 1 kds prdtmqub ........................................................

...............................................................................
..............................................
......................... 4=

[bktmgl 4 1 bxbjp`b i”ul BU_ ....................

...........................................
..............................................
.............................................
............................
...... 4=

Kglk`usmgl fílírd` ...........................................

..................................................................
.............................................
..............................................
.......................... 5?

Vbegfrdpcmb
Vbegfrdpcmb .............................................
.....................................................................
..............................................
.............................................
................................
......... 55

;
 

Mltrgiuktmgl Fílírd` 
@'mlngrjdtmgl l'd adjdms bu dutdlt ib pgmis idls lgtrb sgkmítí qu'duaguri'cum. Idls ul
blvmrgllbjblt ib p`us bl p`us kgjp`bxb, idls ul kgltbxtb íkglgjmqub pdrtmku`mãrbjblt
tbliu bt bl kglstdlt jguvbjblt, `d pbrngrjdlkb ibs bltrbprmsbs iípbli ib p`us bl p`us ib
`bur kdpdkmtí ï ríkupírbr `d egllb mlngrjdtmgl du egl jgjblt bt ï sdvgmr `d pdrtdfbr. M` y d
 pbu, `'mlngrjdtmgl ítdmt
ít dmt sylglyjb ib pguvgmr bt `d iítblmr ítdmt
ítd mt sguvblt kglsmiírí kgjjb ulb
vd`bur pgsmtmvb 1 duaguri'cum b``b igmt lgl sbu`bjblt mrrmfubr `'bltrbprmsb jdms dussm sb
 prgpdfbr du sbml ib kb``b-km, ï ibstmldtmgl ibs k`mblts, ibs ngurlmssburs, ibs pdrtbldmrbs gu
blkgrb ibs dktmglldmrbs. Rl systãjb i'mlngrjdtmgl ([M) bst ul blsbje`b grfdlmsí ib
rbssgurkbs (jdtírmb`s, `gfmkmb`s, pbrsgllb`, igllíbs bt prgkíiurbs) qum pbrjbt ib kg``bktbr,
rbfrgupbr, k`dssmnmbr, trdmtbr bt imnnusbr ib `'mlngrjdtmgl idls ul blvmrgllbjblt igllí.
Dktub``bjblt, tgutb bltrbprmsb bst prátb ï mlvbstmr ibs sgjjbs kg`gssd`bs idls `”mjp`dltdtmgl
ibs tbkclg`gfmbs `gfmkmb``bs bl vub i”djí`mgrbr sbs sbrvmkbs, i”dkkrgmtrb sgl dfm`mtí bt sd
n`bxmem`mtí, ib ríiumrb `bs kgøts, i”dufjbltbr `d prgiuktmg l bt ib ndmrb ndkb dux iínms iu
jdrkcí. ^u `d krgmssdlkb ibs dktmvmtís du sbml ibs bltrbprmsbs, `d tåkcb ib fírbr bnnmkdkbjblt
tgutbs `bs nglktmgls s”dvãrb ib p`us bl p`us kgjp`bxb bt imnnmkm`b. _gur surpdssbr kbs
imnnmku`tís, ulb bltrbprmsb igmt utm`msbr ibs gutm`s gptmjmsís bt didptís ndkm`mtdlt `bs tåkcbs bt
gnnrdlt ibs nglktmglld`mtís rmkcbs bt utm`bs. _drjm kbs gutm`s lgus trguvgls `bs systãjbs
mltífrís ib fbstmgl tb` qub `bs BU_ (Bltrbprmsb Ubssgurkbs _`dllmlf). @bs BU_ sglt ibs gutm`s
ib fbstmgl bt i ”dld`ysb
”dld`ysb pbrjbttdlt i”gptmjmsbr `d imnnusmgl ibs mlngrjdtmgls bl mltbrlb,
i”djí`mgrbr `bs prgkbssus ib fbstmgl bt i”dutgjdtmsbr `bs tåkcbs kb qum dufjbltb ílgrjíjblt
`d rídktmvmtí ibs bltrbprmsbs bt `burs dfm`mtís. Idls kb trdvdm`, lgus trdmtbrgls kb suabt bl ibux
frdlis kcdpmtrbs. Rl prbjmbr kcdpmtrb sbrd iíimí ï `”BU_ ib ndægl fílírd`b bt ul ibuxmãjb
kcdpmtrb sbrd kglsdkrí ï `d rb`dtmgl bltrb `”BU_ bt `b kgltrù`b ib fbstmgl gý lgus vbrrgls
`”mjpdkt bt `”dppgrt ibs bltrbprmsbs rbssgurkb p`dllmlf idls `b kgltrù`b
kgltrù`b ib fbstmgl.

_rge`íjdtmqub 1 Bst-kb
Bst-kb qub `”BU_ pbut s”didptbr dux rãf`bs ib
fbstmgl ib kcdqub bltrbprmsb
bltrbprmsb 7 [mlgl qub``bs sglt `bs sg`utmgls 7

9
 

Kcdpmtrb 4 1 prísbltdtmgl iu BU_ 

[bktmgl 4 1 iínmlmtmgl ib `”BU_ bt sgl rù`b  

4- Iínmlmtmgl
Iínmlmtmgl ib `”BU_ 1

@b tbrjb BU_ vmblt ib `”dlf`dms « Bltbrprmsb Ubssgurkb _`dllmlf ¸. BU_ d ítí

`”dkr glyjb _FM (_rgfmkmb` ib Fbstmgl Mltífrí) bt sb iínmlmt kgjjb ul
trdiumt bl nrdlædms pdr `”dkrglyjb
frgupb ib jgiu`bs rb`mí ï ulb edsb ib igllíbs ulmqub.

@”BU_ bst ul prgfmkmb` qum pbrjbt ib fírbr `”blsbje`b ibs prgkbssus

gpírdtmgllb`s i”ulb bltrbprmsb bl mltífrdlt p`usmburs nglktmgls ib fbstmgl 1
fbstmgl  1 sg`utmgl ib
fbstmgl ibs kgjjdlibs, sg`utmgl ib fbstmgl ibs stgkhs, sg`utmgl ib fbstmgl ib `d pdmb bt ib `d
kgjptdem`mtí, sg`utmgl ib fbstmgl b-kgjjbrkb, sg`utmgl ib fbstmgl ib kgjjbrkb EtgE guEtgK
... idls ul systãjb. Dutrbjblt imt, `”BU_ rbprísbltb `d « kg`gllb vbrtíerd`b ¸ i”ulb
bltrbprmsb._gur átrb qud`mnmíb ib « _rgfmkmb` ib Fbstmgl Mltífrí ¸, ulb sg`utmgl `gfmkmb``b BU_

igmt kguvrmr du jgmls ibux prmlkmpbs nglidjbltdux qum sglt `bs sumvdlts 1

•  Kglstrumrb ibs dpp`mkdtmgls mlngrjdtmqubs sgus ngrjb ib jgiu`bs mliípblidlts

jdms pdrndmtbjblt kgjpdtme`bs sur ulb edsb ib igllíbs ulmqub bt kgjjulb .

•  @”usdfb i”ul jgtbur ib Vgrhn`gw pbrjbt ib iínmlmr `”blsbje`b ibs tåkcbs i”ul

 prgkbssus bt ib fírbr `bur ríd`msdtmgl idls tgus `bs jgiu`bs iu systãjb

systãjb qum bl glt ebsgml.

@'BU_ bst ul `gfmkmb` ib fbstmgl qum pbrjbt ï `'bltrbprmsb i”mltífrbr imnnírbltbs

nglktmglld`mtís tb``bs qub 1

•  @d fbstmgl kgjptde`b bt nmldlkmãrb (BU_ ib fbstmgl kgjptde`b, BU_ ib fbstmgl ib

ndkturdtmgl),

•  @d fbstmgl ibs stgkhs (`gfmkmb` BU_ fbstmgl ibs stgkhs),

•  @d fbstmgl ibs rbssgurkbs cujdmlbs,

•  @d fbstmgl ibs ngurlmssburs (BU_ ngurlmssburs frdlib imstrmeutmgl) dmlsm qub,

•  @d fbstmgl ib `d vbltb,

•  @d fbstmgl ib `d imstrmeutmgl gu blkgrb,

•  @d fbstmgl ib `'b-kgjjbrkb (BU_ kgjjbrkb, BU_ ib kgjjbrkb iítdm`s spíkmd`msí).

2
 

Bl kgjp`íjblt i'ul BU_, bt idls `b kdirb i'ulb iíjdrkcb ib sdtmsndktmgl k`mblt, ib

lgjerbusbs bltrbprmsbs sb igtblt dussm i'ul `gfmkmb`
i'ul  `gfmkmb` ib KUJ.
KUJ. Kbt
 Kbt gutm` `bur pbrjbt ib jbttrb
bl kgjjul bt ib jdxmjmsbr `d kglldmssdlkb i'ul
i'u l k`mblt igllí bt, dmlsm, ib jmbux kgjprblirb,
dltmkmpbr bt fírbr sbs ebsgmls.

Rl BU_ bst ul blsbje`b i'dpp`mkdtmgls rbpgsdlt sur ulb jájb edsb ib igllíbs. Kb

systãjb vd dssurbr `'ulmkmtí ib `'mlngrjdtmgl bt bl fdrdltmr `d jmsb ï agur bl tbjps ríb`. K”bst
`b systãjb dpp`mkdtmgl kdpde`b i”dppgrtbr ï `'bltrbprmsb ibs sg`utmgls pbrtmlbltbs
pbrtmlbltb s pgur sd
ríussmtb bt sd krgmssdlkb. Rl BU_, k”bst dussm ulb sumtb ib `gfmkmb`s prgnbssmgllb`s iglt
`'geabktmn bst ib kggrigllbr `'dktmvmtí kgjptde`b, kgjjbrkmd`b bt `gfmstmqub ib `'bltrbprmsb.
Iglk, kb qub `'gl dppb``b BU_ blf`geb bl ndmt ul blsbje`b ib sg`utmgls dpp`mkdtmgls
 prgnbssmgllb``bs (lgjjíbs prgfmkmb`s) dptbs ï fírbr `'blsbje`b ibs nglktmgls ib `'bltrbprmsb.
Ibpums `d rb`dtmgl k`mblt ausqu'ï `d nglktmgl dkcdt k`mblt bl pdssdlt pdr `d kgjptdem`mtí, ul BU_
d pgur geabktmn prmlkmpd` i'gptmjmsbr `b nglktmgllbjblt, bt iglk `d prgiuktmvmtí, ib `'bltrbprmsb.
@b prgfmkmb` ib fbstmgl mltífrí _FM gu BU_ pgur « Bltbrprmsb Ubsgurkb _`dllmlf ¸pbrjbt pdr

`b jgybl ib `'mlngrjdtmqub ib rdssbje`br tgutbs `bs nglktmgls ib `”bltrbprmsb idls ul systãjb

kgcírblt bt strukturdlt, kbltrd`msí idls ulb sbu`b bt ulmqub edsb ib igllíb.@b rbfrgupbjblt
ib `'blsbje`b ibs igllíbs, djí`mgrb `d síkurmtí ibs imnnírblts typb BU_ _FM, pumsqub `d
survbm``dlkb síkurmtdmrb sb ngkd`msb iísgrjdms sur ul sbu` `mbu. K'bst `d rdmsgl pgur `dqub``b, bt
lgrjb M[G ge`mfb, `d ríf`bjbltdtmgl bl Nrdlkb blkgurdfb `bs sgkmítís ï s'íqumpbr bl _FM BU_
 pgur dkkrgìtrb `bur pbrngrjdlkb, dkkbssmem`mtí bt kgjpítmtmvmtí.

5- @b
@b rù`b ib `”BU_ 1

-@bs prgfmkmb`s ib fbstmgl mltífrís (gu `bs BU_) sglt duaguri”cum `”ípmlb igrsd`b iu

systãjb i”mlngrjdtmgl ib tgutb frdlib bltrbprmsb bt i”ul lgjerb krgmssdlt ib _JB. K”bst ul
suabt "bl vgfub" idls kbs bltrbprmsbs. K”bst ul syjeg`b
ul  syjeg`b ib "jgibrlmsdtmgl" bt ib prgfrãs.

Jdms lgtrb bxpírmblkb lgus jgltrb qu”bl bnnbt, k”bst ul suabt jd` jdìtrmsí bl tbrjbs
ib "eusmlbss" bt ib "jdldfbjblt". _bu ib fbls glt kgjprms kb qu”bst ul prgfmkmb` ib fbstmgl
bt ï qugm m` sbrt.

-@d jmsb bl śuvrb 

śuvrb  i”ul BU_ bst ul prgabt i”bltrbprmsb iglt `d nmld`mtí bst `”dttbmltb ibs
geabktmns strdtífmqubs rbtblus bt lgl `d ríussmtb iu prgabt [M. @b eut bst ib kglstrumrb gu
rblngrkbr sgl dvdltdfb kglkurrbltmb` fråkb ï `d iíjdrkcb ib jmsb bl śuvrb iu [M mltífrí. Ib 
Ib  
lgjerbusbs imrbktmgls i”bltrbprmsbs bt ib lgjerbux mlngrjdtmkmbls kglsmiãrblt `bs _FM
kgjjb ul systãjb i”mlngrjdtmgl "príndermquí" qum, bl ívmtdlt `bs iívb`gppbjblts

>
 

spíkmnmqubs bt bl ríiumsdlt `”cítírgfílímtí ibs blvmrgllbjblts, pbut ríiumrb `bs kgøts

mlngrjdtmqubs. M`s sgucdmtblt iglk `bs jbttrb bl śuvrb vmtb bt pds kcbr. Tub``b brrbur ! @d
mlngrjdtmqubs.
jmsb bl śuvrb i”ul _FM kgøtb fílírd`bjblt kcbr. Rl prmx í`bví qum trguvb tgutb sd
 austmnmkdtmgl sm `d jmsb bl
b l śuvrb i”ul _FM
_F M bst dkkgjpdflíb
d kkgjpdflíb i”ulb iíjdrkcb strdtífmqu
s trdtífmqubb bt ul
trdvdm` sur `”grfdlmsdtmgl vmsdlt ï jmbux sdtmsndmrb `bs k`mblts. 
k`mblts.  

[bktmgl 5 1 `bs kdrdktírmstmqubs iu BU_

Rl BU_ bst ul blsbje`b i'dpp`mkdtmgls rbpgsdlt sur ulb jájb edsb ib igllíbs. Kb
` d jmsb ï agur bl tbjps ríb`. K”bst
systãjb vd dssurbr `'ulmkmtí ib `'mlngrjdtmgl bt bl fdrdltmr `d
`b systãjb dpp`mkdtmgl kdpde`b i”dppgrtbr ï `'bltrbprmsb ibs sg`utmgls pbrtmlbltbs pgur sd
ríussmtb bt sd krgmssdlkb.

Rl BU_, k”bst dussm ulb sumtb ib `gfmkmb`s prgnbssmgllb`s iglt `'geabktmn bst ib
kggrigllbr `'dktmvmtí kgjptde`b, kgjjbrkmd`b bt `gfmstmqub ib `'bltrbprmsb. Iglk, kb qub `'gl
dppb``b BU_ blf`geb bl ndmt ul blsbje`b ib sg`utmgls dpp`mkdtmgls prgnbssmgllb``bs (lgjjíbs

 prgfmkmb`s) dptbs ï fírbr `'blsbje`b ibs nglktmgls ib `'bltrbprmsb. Ibpums `d rb`dtmgl k`mblt
 ausqu'ï `d nglktmgl dkcdt k`mblt bl pdssdlt pdr `d kgjptdem`mtí, ul BU_ d pgur geabktmn prmlkmpd`
i'gptmjmsbr `b nglktmgllbjblt, bt iglk `d prgiuktmvmtí, ib `'bltrbprmsb.
`'bltrbpr msb.

@bs prgfmkmb`s BU_ ríulmssblt tgutbs `bs igllíbs strukturb``bs bt tbkclmqubs ib

`'bltrbprmsb dnml i'gptmjmsbr `bs gpírdtmgls 1

•  i'dkcdts

•  ib ndermkdtmgl

•  ib jdmltbldlkb

•  ib fbstmgl ibs stgkhs

•  ib fbstmgl ibs pbrsgllb`s

•  ib fbstmgl kgjjbrkmd`b.

[bktmgl ; 1 `bs dvdltdfbs bt `bs mlkglvílmblts ib `”BU_ 

4.  @bs dvdltdfbs ib `”BU_ 1

•  Rlb jbm``burb grfdlmsdtmgl fråkb ï `d kbltrd`msdtmgl ibs mlngrjdtmgls (edsb ib

igllíbs ulmqub dvbk jmsbs ï agur bl tbjps ríb`)

6
 

•  Rlb rmkcbssb nglktmgllb``b fråkb dux jgiu`bs ib `”BU_ kguvrdlt `d p`updrt ibs
nglktmgls k`ís ib `”bltrbprmsb (^BLYB[/DKCDY[/[YGKH[/KGJ_YDEM@MYB/KU
(^BLYB[/DKCDY[/[YGKH[/KGJ_YDEM@MYB/KUJ…)
J…)

•  Rlb jbm``burb kg``degrdtmgl bt kggrimldtmgl bltrb `bs imnnírblts sbrvmkbs fråkb ï ulb
prgkbssus gptmjmsíb bt du pdrtdfb iu jájb systãjb i”mlngrjdtmgl 
fbstmgl ibs prgkbssus i”mlngrjdtmgl  

•  Rlb jbm``burb rídktmvmtí bt ulb sdtmsndktmgl k`mblt dufjbltíb

•  Rlb jbm``burb fbstmgl ibs stgkhs bt ibs dpprgvmsmgllbjblts

•  Rlb jbm``burb trdædem`mtí ibs mlngrjdtmgls

•  Rlb prmsb ib iíkmsmgl p`us

p `us rdpmib

5.  @bs mlkglvílmblts ib @”BU_  1

@bs BU_ glt kbpblidlt ib lgjerbux mlkglvílmblts, `bs p`us mjpgrtdlts sglt 1  

✛  `b kgøt í`bví (jájb s”m` bxmstb ibs BU_ qum sglt ï jgmlirb kgøts kglkbrldlt
ulmqubjblt `d ngrjdtmgl ibs utm`msdtburs bt `b sbrvmkb)
✛  `d `guribur bt `d rmfmimtí ib jmsb bl śuvrb,
✛  `bs imnnmku`tís i”dpprbltmssdfb pdr `b pbrsgllb` 
pbrsgllb`  
✛  `b prgfmkmb` bst sguvblt sgus-utm`msí, sgl pdlb` nglktmgllb` bst `b p`us sguvblt p`us
frdli qub `bs ebsgmls ib `”bltrbprmsb 
`”bltrbprmsb  
✛  líkbssmtí i”ulb jdmltbldlkb rífu`mãrb. 
`d líkbssmtí rífu`mãrb.  

@bs mlkglvílmblts kmtís km-ibssus sglt djgmlirms iãs `grs qub `bs íimtburs prgpgsblt
ulb gnnrb « pdkhdfíb ¸ mltífrdlt ibs gutm`s eurbdutmqubs (Dkkbss,
(Dkkbss , grdk`b,…). 
grdk`b,…).  

Ib p`us, `bs BU_ lb pbuvblt s”didptbr ï tgutbs `bs bltrbprmsbs, kdr kcdkulb i”bltrb

b``bs bst ulmqub bt prísbltblt ibs pdrtmku`drmtís ib fbstmgl. _dr kglsíqublt, ibs
iívb`gppbjblts spíkmnmqubs pbuvblt átrb blvmsdfbde`bs jdms m`s kgøtblt kcbr bt sglt rmsquís
(pbuvblt mjpdktbr `bs dutrbs jgiu`bs).

3
 

[bktmgl 9 1 `bs rmsqubs ib `” BU_

@d jmsb bl p`dkb i”ul systãjb BU_ mjpgsb p`usmburs rmsqubs , qub`s sb sgmblt ibs rmsqubs `míbs
ï `”grfdlmsdtmgl gý ï sbs pbrsgllb`s 
pbrsgllb`s 

✛  Umsqubs grfdlmsdtmgllb`s 1 `b prgfmkmb` bt `'grfdlmsdtmgl ib `'bltrbprmsb igmvblt

kgcdemtbr.
✛  Umsqubs ib jmsb bl śuvrb1
śuvrb 1 `bs bjp`gyís bt utm`msdtburs igmvblt átrb ngrjís ï kbt
gutm`.
✛  Umsqubs nglktmgllb`s1 m` bst pgssme`b qub `bs nglktmgls gnnbrtbs pdr `b prgfmkmb` pdr
rdppgrt dux nglktmgls
nglktmgls dttbliubs pdr `”bltrbprmsb lb sgmblt pds bl dkkgri.
dkkgri.
✛  Umsqubs tbkclmqubs 1 `d jmsb bl p`dkb i”ul BU_ bst ul prgabt qum rígrfdlmsb bt
 egu`bvbrsb `b [M.
✛  Umsqubs íkglgjmqubs 1 iu ndmt ib `'mlvbstmssbjblt nmldlkmbr. Rl BU_ líkbssmtb ibs
kgøts í`bvís ib jmsb bl p`dkb.

=
 

Kcdpmtrb 5 1 `”blvmrgllbjblt bt `bs eílínmkbs ib `”BU_ 

`”BU_  

[bktmgl 4 1 `b imnnírblt blvmrgllbjblt iu trdvdm` ib `”BU_ Bt

sgl pírmjãtrb ib fbstmgl  

4.  Tub` pírmjãtrb ib fbstmgl kguvrb ul BU_ 7

@d vgkdtmgl i”ul BU_ bst i'cgjgfílímsbr `b [ystãjb i'Mlngrjdtmgl ib `'bltrbprmsb

dvbk ul gutm` ulmqub qum bst kdpde`b ib kguvrmr ul `drfb pírmjãtrb ib fbstmgl,
fbst mgl, k'bst-ï-imrb 1

•  @d fbstmgl ibs dkcdts

•  @d fbstmgl ibs vbltbs
•  @d fbstmgl kgjptde`b @b kgltrù`b ib fbstmgl
•  @d fbstmgl ib prgiuktmgl
•  @d fbstmgl ibs stgkhs

4?
 

44
 

Fbstmgl ibs Dkcdts 1

Dkcdts 1 Dvbk kb jgiu`b vgus dvbz `d pgssmem`mtí

•  i'dutgjdtmsbz `bs prgpgsmtmgls i'dpprgvmsmgllbjblt,

•  `dlkbz ibs ibjdlibs ib ibvms,

•  ib sumvrb `bs egls ib kgjjdlib,

•
  fírbz `bs mlngrjdtmgls ibs ngurlmssburs,

•  kgltrù`bz `bs ríkbptmgls ib prgiumts bt vírmnmbz `bs ndkturbs ib ngurlmssburs

•  kríbz ibs gnnrbs i'dkcdt

•  rdssbje`bz bt grfdlmsbz `bs ibvms ib ngurlmssburs bt kgjpdrbz `bs prgpgsmtmgls,

•  kcgmsmssbz `d jbm``burb gnnrb bt blvgybz ibs egls ib kgjjdlib ndkm`bjblt

•  utm`msbz `bs rdppgrts pgur dld`ysbr

d ld`ysbr `d qud`mtí ib vgs ngurlmssburs dprãs kgup.

@b kgltrù`b i'mlvbltdmrb vgus pbrjbt ib fírbr `bs rbtgurs ib kgjjdlibs, `bs

rbjegursbjblts, `d ríkbptmgl ibs prgiumts bt `b kgltrù`b qud`mtí.

vbltbs 1  `b prísblt jgiu`b dssurb ulb bnnmkdkmtí kbrtdmlb idls `d vbltb ib
Fbstmgl ibs vbltbs 1
vgs prgiumts bl pdrtdlt ib `d prgspbktmgl, ï `d vbltb, tgut bl fírdlt `d sdtmsndktmgl bt `d nmií`mtí
ib vgs k`mblts.

•  `b kgltrù`b i'ul n`ux ib vbltb mltb``mfblt qum vgus mlimqub ítdpb pdr ítdpb,

qud`mnmkdtmgl, lífgkmdtmgl, vd`midtmgl ib `d vbltb

•  dttmrbz `bs k`mblts pgtbltmb`s

•  dssurbz `b sumvm ibs dppb`s tí`ípcglmqubs bt ibs ríulmgls

•  dld`ysbz `d qud`mtí ibs k`mblts pgtbltmb`s pgur prblirb ibs iíkmsmgls ík`dmríbs

•  dnnmlbr `b prgnm` ib vgtrb k`mblt

•  nusmgllbr `bs prgspbkts bt dttrmeubz-`bs du egl vblibur

•  sumvrb `b vg`ujb ib vbltbs pdr vblibur

•  grfdlmsbz vgs gppgrtulmtís dnml ib vgus kglkbltrbr sur `bs jbm``burbs dnndmrbs

•  fírbz bt lgtmnmbz tgutbs `bs mltbrdktmgls dvbk

dvbk vgs k`mblts vmd
vmd b-jdm`s, dppb`s
tí`ípcglmqubs, lgtbs mltbrlbs, ríulmgls bt ibvms

  tde`bdu ib egri ibs vbltbs ríussmbs, lguvb``b bxmfblkb k`mblt, btk.

•

45
 

•   p`dlmnmbz vgs ríulmgls bt dppb`s tí`ípcglmqubs

tí`ípcglmqubs fråkb du kd`blirmbr mltífrí

•  vgus pguvbz kglsu`tbr vgtrb dfblid dmlsm qub kb`um ib vgs kg``ãfubs idls ulb

nblátrb ulmqub

•  bl tdlt qub kcbn i'íqumpb, m` bst ndkm`b i'gesbrvbr `bs trdvdux bl kgurs bt ib iínmlmr

`bs íkcídlkbs bt kgltrdmltbs pgur kbrtdmlbs tåkcbs.

KUJ rb`dtmgl k`mblts

k`mblts11 Jgiu`bs ib sumvm
s umvm ibs dktmvmtís bl kgrrí`dtmgl
k grrí`dtmgl dvbk `d
 prgspbktmgl k`mblt 1 (blrbfmstrbjblt ibs kgltdkts, sumvm ibs dppb`s bt ibs rík`djdtmgls, sumvm
ibs ibjdlibs ib prmx bt ibs gnnrbs, blvgm i”b-jdm`mlf)8
i”b -jdm`mlf)8

Fbstmgl ibs stgkhs bt ibs bltrbpùts 1  Kb jgiu`b pbrjbt i'dssurbr ulb trdædem`mtí
kgjp`ãtb ibs `'blsbje`b ibs prgiumts iu ngurlmssbur du kglsgjjdtbur. M` pbrjbt ífd`bjblt
ib 1

•  imjmlubr `bs tbjps ib trdmtbjblt

•  dutgjdtmsbz `bs trdlsdktmgls

•  ríiumrb vgs lmvbdux ib stgkh tgut bl rbstdlt tguagurs rídpprgvmsmgllí

•  vgus pguvbz kglnmfurbr ul jmlmjuj ibs rãf`bs ib stgkh bt dvgmr ul

dpprgvmsmgllbjblt dutgjdtmqub qub iík`blkcbrd `'BU_ dutgjdtmqubjblt.

•  bl mltbrdktmgl dvbk `b jgiu`b Dkcdt, `b systãjb pgurrd pdssbr kgjjdlib

dutgjdtmqubjblt dprãs `d sí`bktmgl ib `d jbm``burb gnnrb tdrmndmrb duprãs ibs imnnírblts

ngurlmssburs.

•  tgut bst pdrdjítrde`b sb`gl `bs rãf`bs `gfmstmqubs qub vgus sgucdmtbz jbttrb bl p`dkb

1 rãf`bs i'dagut, rãf`bs ib rbtrdmt, grirb ib ndermkdtmgl, rãf`bs ib stgkh jmlmjuj, btk.
Fbstmgl ib kgjptdem`mtí 1 Kb jgiu`b pbrjbt s'didptb ï vgs ebsgmls idls `b sbls gu
vgus sgucdmtbz mltbrld`msbr gu bxtbrld`msbr `d kgjptd. M` pbrjbt bl gutrb ib pdrdjítrbr `b
systãjb pgur ulb kgjptdem`mtí smjp`b bt kgcírbltbs gu ulb kgjptd dld`ytmqub pgussíb. @bs
 pgmlts ngrts ib `d kgjptd sgus BU_
BU_ bst 1

•  Ygutb dktmgl i'dkcdt gu ib vbltb fílãrb ulb ndkturb dutgjdtmqubjblt sdls

mltbrvbltmgl cujdmlb.

•  `b systãjb, s'gkkupb ibs blkdmssbjblts pírmgimqubs p`dlmnmís

  `'BU_ prgpgsb ï vgs k`mblts ibs pdmbjblts dvbk ndkturdtmgl í`bktrglmqub

•

4;
 

•  `'BU_ s'gkkupb dutgjdtmqubjblt ibs rb`dlkbs i'mjpdyís, bt ib jgiu`dtmgl ibs

 píld`mtís ib rbtdri

•  `d kgjptdem`mtí, ndkturb dutgjdtmqubjblt `bs cburbs trdvdm``íbs ibs sd`drmís dprãs

vd`midtmgl ib prísblkb

•  rb`mbr ibs kgjptbs edlkdmrbs

•  kgjptdem`mtí ju`tm ibvmsbs, ju`tm pdys, ju`tm sgkmítí.

_rgiuktmgl   1  Kb jgiu`b vgus pbrjbt `d p`dlmnmkdtmgl dutgjdtmqub

_`dlmnmkdtmgl ib _rgiuktmgl
ibs kgjjdlibs ib ndermkdtmgl bt ib trdvdm` bl nglktmgl ib vgs rãf`bs ib pdssdtmgl ibs
jdrkcís, ib prívmsmgl ibs qudltmtís bt iu ebsgml iípblidlt.

^gus dvbz `d pgssmem`mtí i'grfdlmsbr ibs grirbs ib ndermkdtmgl bt ib trdvdm` ib jdlmãrb

trãs n`bxme`b. Ib trdmtbr `bs kgjjdlibs ï vblmr ibpums `d vub ib `mstb, kgltrù`bz `d vub
kd`blirmbr bt jgimnmbz `'cgrdmrb prgpgsí idls `d vub Fdltt.

@b jgiu`b _`dlmnmkdtmgl ib _rgiuktmgl vgus gnnrb ulb vmsmgl ;>?¿ sur vgs rbssgurkbs
ib prgiuktmgl bt pbrjbts 1

•  fbstmgl ib `'blsbje`b ibs gpírdtmgls i'dssbje`dfb bt/gu ib ndermkdtmgl

•   p`dlmnmbz dutgjdtmqubjblt `bs kgjjdlibs ib prgiuktmgl

prgiuktmgl bt ib trdvdm`

•  rbvgybz `d p`dlmnmkdtmgl fråkb ï `'dnnmkcdfb mltbrdktmn utm`msdlt ibs imdfrdjjbs

•  `'mlkgrpgrdtmgl ibs nglktmgls dld`ytmqubs dvdlkíbs pgur iítbktbr `bs fgu`gts

i'ítrdlf`bjblt du lmvbdu ibs kdpdkmtís ib rbssgurkbs bt ibs bjp`dkbjblts ib stgkhdfb.

•  `d trdædem`mtí desg`ub ib tgut `b prgkbssus

•  `'utm`msdtmgl ibs `bktburs ib kgib-edrrbs sur vgs imnnírblts drtmk`bs pmãkbs mltbrvbldlt

idls `d ndermkdtmgl iu prgiumt nmld`

•  vmsmem`mtí sur vgs bltrbpùts

•  vmsud`msdtmgl iu pdrkgurs `gfmstmqubs

•  fbstmgl ibs lgjblk`dturbs ï pd`mbrs ju`tmp`bs

•  jgimnmbz jdlub``bjblt tgutbs `bs gpírdtmgls ï l'mjpgrtb qub``b ítdpb iu prgkbssus.

Fbstmgl ibs rbssgurkbs cujdmlbs 1 @b jgiu`b UC vgus pbrjbt ib fírbr `b pbrsgllb`

ib jdlmãrb bnnmkdkb bt gptmjd`b. ^gus pguvbz 1

49
 

•  fírbr `bs kgltrdts ib rbkrutbjblts

•  fírbr `bs ívd`udtmgls pírmgimqubs iu pbrsgllb` 1 sumvm ib ngrjdtmgl, dkqumsmtmgl ib

kbrtmnmkdtmgl btk.

•  fírbr `bs nbum``bs ib prísblkb dvbk pgmltdfb sur pgstb ib trdvdm`

• 
fírbr `bs ibjdlibs ib kglfís
•  fírbr `b p`dllmlf ibs rgtdtmgls ibs íqumpbs

•  fírbz `d pdmb

•  fírbr `d pdrtmkmpdtmgl bl dssmfldlt ibs geabktmns ï dttbmlirb du pbrsgllb` dvbk `d

 prmjb sur rblibjblt qum vd dvbk

dvbk

•  systãjb ib sumvm ibs nrdms pbrsgllb`s

pbrs gllb`s 1 pgur kgjjbrkmdux pdr bxbjp`b

_gur rdppb`, `b jgiu`b UC bst bl rb`dtmgl dvbk `bs dutrbs jgiu`bs lgtdjjblt `d
kgjptdem`mtí. Ib sgrtb qub kcdqub cburb trdvdm``íb, kcdqub lgtb ib nrdms rbkblsíb, s'mlskrmt
idls `bs ruermqubs kgjptde`bs dutgjdtmqubjblt. M` rbvmblt du rbspglsde`b iu jgiu`b ib
vd`mibr gu i'mlvd`mibr tb``b gu tb``b íkrmturb.

Fbstmgl ib _rgabts 1 Jgiu`b ib fbstmgl i”ul prgabt dvbk sumvm ibs tåkcbs bnnbktuíbs bt
euifbt iu prgabt bst tgtd`bjblt trdlspdrblt, i”dutdlt p`us qub `bs
ndkturdtmgl. @b sumvm iu euifbt
 prísbltbs nglktmgls sglt
s glt mltífríbs dux dkcdts bt ï `d kgjptdem`mtí, kb qum pbrjbt i”íimtbr ul
kgjptb i”bxp`gmtdtmgl pdr prgabt8 
prgabt8  

42
 

5.  @bs imnnírblts blvmrgllbjblts ib trdvdm` i”ul BU_  1

Rl BU_ kgltmblt fílírd`bjblt trgms blvmrgllbjblts ib trdvdm` 1

  Rl « blvmrgllbjblt ib iívb`gppbjblt ¸ qum pbrjbt i”didptbr `b prgfmkmb` stdlidri

•

ï ibs ebsgmls spíkmnmqubs ib `”bltrbprmsb. 

`”bltrbprmsb.  

  Rl « blvmrgllbjblt ib tbst ¸ imt blkgrb blvmrgllbjblt ib rbkbttb qum pbrjbt ib

•

ríd`msbr ibs smju`dtmgls. Kbs smju`dtmgls pbrjbttblt ib tbstbr ib lguvbdux pdrdjítrdfbs bt ib

vírmnmbr `b nglktmgllbjblt kgrrbkt iu prgfmkmb` pdr rdppgrt ï ul prgkbssus ib fbstmgl igllí
(ulb vbltb, ul dkcdt, ulb sgrtmb ib stgkh, …) 
…)  

  Rl « blvmrgllbjblt ib prgiuktmgl ¸ qum kgrrbspgli du prgfmkmb` utm`msí pdr `bs

•

fbstmglldmrbs ib `”bltrbprmsb du qugtmimbl. 

qugtmimbl.  

[bktmgl 5 1 `bs eílínmkbs i

ibb `”BU_ pgur ulb bltrbprmsb 
bltrbprmsb  

Dvdlt ib jbttrb bl p`dkb ul BU_, kcdqub sbrvmkb dvdmt sgl prgprb systãjb
i”mlngrjdtmgl. _gur ndmrb
ndmrb `b `mbl bltrb kbs imnnírblts systãjbs, `bs smtudtmgls sumvdltbs sb

 prgiumsdmblt

4>
 

• Igue`b vgmrb trmp`b sdmsmb ibs jájbs mlngrjdtmgls idls ibs systãjbs i”mlngrjdtmgl
imstmlkts

• Du jmbux, `”bltrbprmsb ndmsdmt iívb`gppbr ibs mltbrndkbs mlngrjdtmqubs bltrb 

bltrb   sbs
imnnírblts [M

Kglsíqublkbs líndstbs 1

Bl kds ib igue`b sdmsmb, gl kglstdtdmt ul lgjerb í`bví i”brrburs bt i”mlkgcírblkbs

bltrb `bs imnnírblts systãjbs i”Mlngrjdtmgl. Bl kds i”mltbrndkb bltrb imnnírblts [M, `d jmsb ï
 agur lb sb ndmsdmt pds bl tbjps
tb jps ríb`. Ibs iípbrimtmgls ib igllíbs
igllíbs survbldmblt pdrngms,
pdr ngms, iu ndmt
i”ul p`dltdfb mlngrjdtmqub du jgjblt iu trdlsnbrt ib igllíbs. Ibs brrburs cujdmlbs
survbldmblt dussm rífu`mãrbjblt (trdlsnbrt iu jduvdms nmkcmbr, igue`gls ius ï ibux trdlsnbrts
jd`blkgltrbux …) Idls kbrtdmlbs frdlibs bltrbprmsbs, ibs kgltrù`burs 3 ib fbstmgl
sukkbssmns jd`blkgltrbux
ítdmblt spíkmnmqubjblt bjedukcís pgur `”dld`ysb bt `d kgrrbktmgl ibs mlkgcírblkbs bltrb kbs
systãjbs i”mlngrjdtmgl. 
i”mlngrjdtmgl.  

_dr bxbjp`b, kcbz ul frdli kglstruktbur ib jdtírmb` mlngrjdtmqub, ul

dld`ystb ibs stgkhs ibvdmt ríkglkm`mbr `bs íkdrts bltrb `b systãjb blrbfmstrdlt `bs bltríbs
bt `bs sgrtmbs pcysmqubs ib stgkh i”ul kùtí bt `bs íkrmturbs kgjptde`bs kgrrbspglidltbs ib
`”dutrb. Ibs íkdrts ib p`usmburs imzdmlbs ib jm``mbrs i” burgs ítdmblt rífu`mãrbjblt
kglstdtís bt ibvdmblt átrb bxp`mquís pums kgrrmfís. Kb jgib ib nglktmgllbjblt kgøtdmt
trãs kcbr ï `”bltrbprmsb bt bst ibvblu mldkkbptde`b. _gur jbttrb nml ï kbttb smtudtmgl, `bs
bltrbprmsbs glt iíkmií i”mjp`íjbltbr ul BU_.  

`bjblt, `bs eílínmkbs i”ul BU_ pgur `”bltrbprmsb sglt `bs sumvdlts
F`ged`bjblt,
F`ged s umvdlts 1 
1 

• Bvmtbr `d rbiglidlkb i”mlngrjdtmgls bltrb imnnírblts [M ib `”bltrbprmsb. 

`”bltrbprmsb.  

• Imspgsbr i”ul gutm` ju`tm`mlfub bt ju`tmibvmsbs (trãs didptí dux ju`tmldtmgld`bs) 

ju`tmldtmgld`bs)  

• Bvmtbr ibs rbstmtutmgls i”mlngrjdtmgls

i” mlngrjdtmgls imvbrfbltbs bltrb imnnírblts sbrvmkbs bt iglk
dpdmsbr `bs kgln`mts qum bl rísu`tdmblt

• Rlb jbm``burb kggrimldtmgl ibs sbrvmkbs bt iu kgup ul jbm``bur sumvm iu prgkbssus ib

kgjjdlib qum mlk`ut `d prmsb ib kgjjdlib, `”blrbfmstrbjblt i”ulb sgrt mb ib stgkh,
`”bxpíimtmgl ib `d kgjjdlib bt `”íjmssmgl i”ulb ndkturb 
ndkturb  

• Rlb jbm``burb jdìtrmsb ibs stgkhs 

stgkhs  

46
 

• Rlb lgrjd`msdtmgl ib `d fbstmgl ibs Ubssgurkbs Cujdmlbs, bl pdrtmku`mbr pgur `bs

bltrbprmsbs qum fãrblt ib lgjerbusbs bltmtís, pdrngms fígfrdpcmqubjblt imspbrsíbs

[bktmgl ; 1 `”BU_ pbut-m` s”didptbr dux rãf`bs ib fbstmgl ib 

Kcdqubbltrbprmsb
Kcdqubbltrbprmsb 7 

@bs BU_ glt ibs nglktmgls stdlidris qum s”didptblt dux prmlkmpd`bs rãf`bs ib fbstmgl
ibs bltrbprmsbs (dkcdts, vbltbs, `gfmstmqub, …). Kbpblidlt, kcdqub bltrbprmsb
bltrbprms b bst ulmqub bt `bs
BU_ lb pbuvblt pds s”didptbr bl stdlidri ï tgus `bs kds pdrtmku`mbrs i”bltrbprmsbs. 
i”bltrbprmsbs.  

Ibux sg`utmgls sglt d`grs blvmsdfbde`bs 1

•   Uíd`msbr ibs iívb`gppbjblts spíkmnmqubs, sguvblt kgøtbux bt tbkclmqubjblt

rmsquís kdr pguvdlt mjpdktbr tgus `bs jgiu`bs. _gur kbttb rdmsgl `bs _FM sglt p`us gu jgmls
 pdrdjítrde`bs, k'bst-ï-imrb
k'bst-ï-i mrb qu'm` bst pgssme`b
pgss me`b i'didptbr `b kgjpgrtbjblt iu _FM vmd ibs vd`burs
ib igllíbs fírde`bs sgmt imrbktbjblt pdr ibs utm`msdtburs jítmbrs qud`mnmís sgmt pdr `d imrbktmgl

ibs systãjbs i'mlngrjdtmgl. @bs nglktmglld`mtís lgl kguvbrtbs pdr `b stdlidri prgiumt pbuvblt
átrb mltífríbs idls ulb vbrsmgl `gfmkmb``b bxmstdltb gu ndmrb pdrtmb ib `d nbum``b ib rgutb ib
`'íimtbur. Bl ibrlmbr rbkgurs `bs sgkmítís pbuvblt ndmrb dppb` ï ibs iívb`gppbjblts spíkmnmqubs
 pgur kguvrmr
kguvrmr `bs íkdrts rísmiub`s
rís miub`s bltrb `bs ebsgmls jítmbr bt `b stdlidri

•  Ubvgmr `bs rãf`bs ib fbstmgl spíkmnmqubs   pgur `bs didptbr du prgfmkmb`. Kbttb
iíjdrkcb mjp`mqub ulb dld`ysb príd`de`b ibs prgkbssus bt ulb rín`bxmgl ï jblbr pdr `d
jdìtrmsb i”guvrdfb pums ulb egllb kgliumtb iu kcdlfbjblt, `grs ib `d jmsb bl p`dkb iu
 prgfmkmb`. Bl bnnbt,
bnn bt, `bs bjp`gyís igmvblt átrb prípdrís ï vgmr `d ldturb ib `bur trdvdm` ívg`ubr,
ded ligllbr `bs dlkmbls `gfmkmb`s qu”m`s utm`msdmblt 
ï digptbr ib lguvb``bs rãf`bs ib fbstmgl bt ï dedligllbr utm`msdmblt  

43
 

Kcdpmtrb ; 1 kds prdtmqub 

prdtmqub 

[bktmgl 4 1 bxbjp`b i”ul BU_

BU_  

Gigg (dlkmbllbjblt GpblBU_)

Krídtmgl 1 5??2

Lgjerb i'utm`msdtburs 1 5 jm``mgls

Kgjjuldutí 1 4.2?? kgltrmeutburs bt ;?? bjp`gyís

@mkblkb 1 DF_@ ;.?

Ybkclg`gfmb
Ybkclg`gfmb 1 _ytcgl, _gstfrb[T@

Gigg bst ul BU_ rdnrdìkcmssdlt, k”bst `b L¿4 idls `b jglib. Kglæu dutgur
i”Dpp`mkdtmgls qub vgus dssbje`bz ï vgtrb kglvbldlkb, Gigg bst brfglgjmqub, rdpmib bt
grmbltí vbrs `bs kdldux ib vbltb jgibrlbs. Idls sgl ibrlmbr `gt ib lguvbdutís Gigg pbrjbt
 pdr bxbjp`b ib kríbr ul smtb b-Kgjjbrkb bt ib fírbr ul pgmlt ib vbltb. M` pbrjbt ib pm`gtbr
ífd`bjblt `bs dktmgls ib rbkrutbjblt ib td`blts. Gigg bst ul BU_ pgur `bs Y_B bt _JB
vgu`dlt mllgvbr bt sb rímlvbltbr.

4=
 

Kglk`usmgl fílírd` 
@b jglib ib `'mlngrjdtmgl bt ib `d kgjjulmkdtmgl bst `drfbjblt ndvgrmsí pdr `d
ju`tmp`mkdtmgl ibs tbkclg`gfmbs ib `'mlngrjdtmgl, `'dkkrgmssbjblt spbktdku`dmrb ibs
dpp`mkdtmgls sur Mltbrlbt bt `'dufjbltdtmgl bxpglbltmb``b ibs kgllbxmgls bl rísbdux. Kb

jglib s'dppdrbltb dmlsm ï ul blvmrgllbjblt mjjdtírmb`, mlstde`b bt p`us n`umib qum lb rípgli
 p`us ï `'dpprgkcb jíkdlmqub qum d `drfbjblt
`drfbjblt mlspmrí `'grfdlmsdtmgl.

Iãs `grs, m` ibvmblt mlimspblsde`b qub `bs bltrbprmsbs sdkcblt sb igtbr ib jgybls
tbkclg`gfmqubs bt pumssblt kglstrumrb bt bxp`gmtbr ibs systãjbs i'mlngrjdtmgl ([M) pgur
ndvgrmsbr `burs egls nglktmgllbjblts mltbrlbs bt rblngrkbr `burs pgsmtmgls kglkurrbltmb``bs
djí`mgrdlt dmlsm `burs pbrngrjdlkbs.

Idls kb kgltbxtb, kb trdvdm` d ítí í`degrí pgur m``ustrbr `'mjpdkt ib `'BU_ sur `d
 pbrngrjdlkb ib `'bltrbprmsb.

Bl bnnbt, dprãs dvgmr prísbltí `'dppgrt ib `'BU_ du sbml i'ulb fbstmgl mltífríb, m`
kglvbldmt i'ítde`mr `b `mbl bltrb `'mjp`dltdtmgl i'ul BU_ bt `'djí`mgrdtmgl ib `d pbrngrjdlkb ib
`'bltrbprmsb. Kb `mbl d ítí pdr `d sumtb m``ustrí ï trdvbrs ul jgiã`b kglkbptub`.

Idls `d pdrtmb bjpmrmqub, ulb ítuib ib kds d ítí jblíb bt d sbrvm ib edsb pgur `b
rbkubm` ibs igllíbs líkbssdmrbs ï ulb dld`ysb pgstírmburb. Kbttb dld`ysb vmsb ï vírmnmbr `bs
cypgtcãsbs ítde`mbs idls `b jgiã`b kglkbptub`.

Kbrtbs, `bs rísu`tdts getblus glt dnnmrjí qub `'BU_ djí`mgrb `d pbrngrjdlkb ib
`'bltrbprmsb. Kbpblidlt, kbttb rbkcbrkcb prísbltb kbrtdmlbs `mjmtbs tcígrmqubs bt
jítcgig`gfmqubs.

_drjm `bs `mjmtbs tcígrmqubs bst `b ndmt ib kcgmsmr sbu`bjblt trgms dspbkts ib `d
 pbrngrjdlkb ï sdvgmr `d pbrngrjdlkb íkglgjmqub, `d pbrngrjdlkb grfdlmsdtmgllb``b bt `d
 pbrngrjdlkb cujdmlb. Bl bnnbt, `d pbrngrjdlkb ítdlt ulb lgtmgl vdfub bt djemfuè, lb pbut
átrb `mjmtíb ï kbs trgms dspbkts. Kbpblidlt, `d rmkcbssb ibs guvrdfbs trdmtdlt `d rb`dtmgl bltrb `bs
BU_ bt kbs dspbkts ib pbrngrjdlkb d mjpgsí `b kcgmx ib kbs dspbkts.

Tudlt dux `mjmtbs jítcgig`gfmqubs, b``bs kglkbrlblt tgut i'degri `d iuríb ib

`'gesbrvdtmgl jblíb idls `'bltrbprmsb qum d sbrvm i'ítuib ib kds. Bl bnnbt, `d iuríb ib ; jgms
lb pbut átrb ulb iuríb miíd`b pgur rdssbje`br tgutbs `bs mlngrjdtmgls rbkcbrkcíbs.

5?
 

Rlb dutrb `mjmtb jítcgig`gfmqub bst `míb du qubstmglldmrb ib `d rbkcbrkcb. Bl bnnbt,

 embl qub `bs qubstmgls guvbrtbs sgmblt
sgmb lt kblsíbs ngurlmr ibs rípglsbs p`us rmkcbs bt bxp`gmtde`bs
 pgur kb trdvdm`, b``bs ítdmblt desbltbs idls kb qubstmglldmrb. _dr dm``burs, `'dld`ysb iu
qubstmglldmrb s'bst edsíb ulmqubjblt sur `bs rípglsbs iu _IF ib `d sgkmítí pdrkb qu'm` bst `b
jmbux p`dkí pgur ívd`ubr `bs krmtãrbs ib `d pbrngrjdlkb. Kbpblidlt, kb`d rbprísbltb ulb `mjmtb

jítcgig`gfmqub vu `b lgjerb
lgjerb trãs ríiumt ibs pbrsgllbs mltbrrgfíbs.
Dprãs dvgmr prísbltí `bs `mjmtbs ib kb trdvdm`, m` kglvmblt ib jbltmgllbr qub kbrtbs
`'BU_ pbut kglstmtubr ul ndktbur k`í ib sukkãs pbrjbttdlt dux bltrbprmsbs i'djí`mgrbr `burs
 pbrngrjdlkbs bt ibvdlkbr `burs kglkurrblts jdms ï kglimtmgl qub `d iíkmsmgl ib sgl
mjp`dltdtmgl sgmt embl rín`íkcmb. [mlgl, `'BU_ lb sbrdmt p`us ul ívbltub` dvdltdfb
kglkurrbltmb` jdms p`utùt ul ílgrjb mlvbstmssbjblt iglt `b rblibjblt bspírí l'drrmvbrdmt pds ï
kguvrmr sgl kgøt mjpgrtdlt.

@'bxíkutmgl iu prgabt i'mjp`íjbltdtmgl i'ul lguvbdu BU_ bst, i'dprãs p`usmburs

bxpírmblkbs, bst `d pcdsb `d p`us `glfub gu p`us príkmsíjblt `d pcdsb qum kglsgjjb blvmrgl
ul pbu p`us ib 2?% iu tgtd` cgjjb/agur ib tgut `b prgabt. @'bxíkutmgl igmt átrb d`grs embl
jdmtrmsíb qub kb sgmt pdr `b k`mblt gu pdr `'mltífrdtbur.

Rlb egllb ítuib iu prgabt bt ulb egllb prípdrdtmgl ib `'mjp`íjbltdtmgl bt surtgut ulb
 egllb kgliumtb ib kcdlfbjblt sglt kbrtdmlbjblt
kbrtdmlbjb lt ibs ndktburs k`ís ib ríussmtb ib
`'mjp`íjbltdtmgl duxqub``bs igmt sb rdagutbr ulb frdlib kglnmdlkb bt ulb trãs egllb bltbltb
bltrb tgus `bs jbjerbs ib `'íqumpb prgabt (mltífrdtbur-k`mblt). Jdms m` lb ndut surtgut pds sb
kgltbltbr ib tgus sbs ndktburs pgur bspírbr `d ríussmtb.

M` lb ndut adjdms gue`mbr ib iínmlmr ibs mlimkdtburs ib kgltrù`b ib tgutbs `bs pcdsbs bt

dktmvmtís iu prgabt bt ib `bs survbm``br

sur vbm``br rífu`mãrbjblt sb`gl ibs nríqublkbs ií
iínmlmbs
nmlmbs du

_ríd`de`b. Kbs mlimkdtburs sglt `b sbu` jgybl qum pbrjbt ib sdvgmr gý sb pgsmtmgllb `b
 prgabt pdr rdppgrt du euifbt,
euifbt, ií`dms bt qud`mtí bt qub``bs rbktmnmkdtmgls
rbktmnmkdt mgls igmvblt átrb ndmtbs.

Ygut prgabt degutm ï ulb idtb ib nml jdms l'bst pds ívmiblt qu'm` sgmt k`ùturí. K'bst
 pgurqugm `b kcbn iu prgabt ib jmsb bl p`dkb i'ul BU_ igmt átrb vmfm`blt bl iínmlmssdlt, bl
kgjjul dkkgri dvbk `'mltífrdtbur, `bs kglimtmgls sb`gl `bsqub``bs `b prgabt sbrd kglsmiírí
kguturí bt `bs igkujblts qum kglkrítmsblt sd k`ùturb. I'cdemtuib `bs mlimkdtburs ib kgltrù`b iu
 prgabt agublt ul rù`b bssbltmb` idls `d iíkmsmgl ib k`ùturb.

54
 

Vbegfrdpcmb 

?4/45/5?43 ï 54 1??

cttp1//pfm-brp.gvbr-e`gf.kgj/drtmk`b-`b-rg`b-i-ul-brp-=64;>?4>.ctj`
53/44/5?43 ï 5? 1??

cttp1//brpbttmk.kdld`e`gf.kgj/drkcmvbs/5??6/?;/?9/95;5=>9.ctj`  
cttp1//brpbttmk.kdld`e`gf.kgj/drkcmvbs/5??6/?;/?9/95;5=>9.ctj`

cttp1//pfm-brp.gvbr-e`gf.kgj/drtmk`b-`bs-rmsqubs-`mbs-d-`d-jmsb-bl-gbuvrb-i-
ul-b-r-p-=64;3>43.ctj`  
ul-b-r-p-=64;3>43.ctj`

55