CPAR BRUH
The forms are primarily
LESSON 1: Difference Between Contemporary
Art and Modern Art
 It is a common tendency to
describe the present as “MODERN” being
modern means being up to date and
technologically advanced.  carving, and metal carving were dominant
 Often, being modern is equated
with being contemporary.
 Art that is new or current is also
often referred to as “MODERN” as
opposed to “TRADITIONAL” or
“CONSERVATIVE.”
 In other words, in everyday
parlance, the terms are interchangeable.   tend to replace the Philippine indigenous arts with
 Some Modern artists continue to
produce work till today. In that sense, their
works can be described as contemporary,
by virtue of being “of the present.”
 The contemporary therefore a fluid
term, and its use can change depending
on the contexts, in this case historical and
stylistic
 At times, the Modern and
Contemporary can be used simultaneously
or interchangeably; however, there is also
danger of using them carelessly or loosely.
Thus, it is important to know the historical,
and stylistic contexts of the terms.
LESSON 2: Contemporary Art Forms and
Practices from the Various Regions
Contemporary Art
 The art created from the
imagination and emotion of the artists of
the new generation.
 It uses a wide variety of materials,
techniques, and styles.
 It is characterized by being
conceptual, innovative, expressive, and
experimental in nature.
 It provide opportunities to reflect on
the society and the issues happening now
a days.
 The current and recent practice of
art started from the 1970’s up to the
present
LESSON 3: Historical Background of
Contemporary Art
The development of Philippine art comes in three
major traditions. (Sayseng, 2016):
1. Ethnic Traditions.
influenced by the geographical location and
experiences of the Filipinos.
 Dance – vary depending on area
where ancestors thrive located.
 Visual Art – Pottery weaving, wood
during the pre-colonial period making the
use available materials surrounding them.
 Architecture – they used local
materials such as anahaw, bamboo,
rattan, and other materials in constructing
structures
2. Spanish Colonial Traditions. The Spaniards
western art forms. Religions and secularization
greatly influenced the art in the Philippines.
 Literature – literary works are
classified into religious and secular prose
and poetry
 Theater arts – secular and
religious plays like “komedya” became
popular
 Dance – religious dances
commonly performed to venerate patrons
and saints. Dances like valse, fandango,
polka, and minuet were performed in social
functions.
 Music – Bands and orchestra
multiplied as the zarsuela and opera.
 Visual arts – Spaniards introduce
painting and sculpture
 Architecture – stones and bricks
were used in constructing buildings.
3. American Colonial and Contemporary
Traditions. The American brought many changes
in the politics, economy, education, and culture of
the Philippines. In the field of education there are
Filipinos who went abroad to study and came to
the country carrying the concept of modern and
contemporary art.
LESSON 4: Contemporary Art Forms
The Seven Major Art Forms
1. Music
 is vocal or instrumental sounds (or both)
combined in such a way as to produce beauty of
form, harmony, and expression of emotion.
 the music mostly evolved into a
combination of classical, traditional, and ethnic
music. 
 furthermore, our country is rich in
indigenous culture through the existence of ethnic
musical instruments such as pipes, flutes, gong,
kulintang and various string instruments like the
kudyapi. Also, Kundiman and the balitao were the
songs being perform by the Filipinos.
2. Theatre or Theater
 a collaborative form of fine art that uses
live performers, typically actors or actresses,
to present the experience of a real or imagined
event before a live audience in a specific
place, often a stage.  seen on a flat screen. Although, it
 Many of the rituals made by our ancestors
are considered the earliest  forms of theater
which until now is still alive in the various
regions.  7. Architecture
 The Canao or kanyaw of the Cordillera
region and the Kashawing of Lake Lanao in
Mindanao are those of the rituals that are still
being practiced now a days.
3. Dance
 A performance art that involves rhythmic
body movement within a given space and
choreographed based on musical beat.
 It is performed either in front of an
audience or by everyone on a dance floor. In the
region, some of dances, with the accompaniment
of the ethnic musical instrument often imitated the
movements of animals, humans, and elements
from nature.
 Lapay Bantigue, Man-manok, Talip,
Inamong, and Tinikling are dances that imitate the
movement of animals.
4. Literature
 is defined as books and other
written works, especially those considered
to have creative or artistic merit or lasting
value.
 The Mangyans of Mindoro were the
one of the Filipinos who used bamboo
poles and etched with baybayin script
used to composed short poems. Moreover,
printed literature came in the form
catechism during the Spanish era.
5. Visual Arts
 are forms of art that focus on
creating pieces of work that mainly make
use of the visual environment, while trying
to convey messages of emotion, ideas or
information.
 Filipinos have been making images
before the colonization. In sculpture, bulul,
hagabi and the santos or sculpture of
saints, okir, sarimanok were among the
artworks commonly known the region.
 Tattooing, a bodily inscriptions
serve as jewelry in Visayas and in the
Highlands.
6. Film and Broadcasting
 Are the most popular of the art
forms.
 Similar to the theater, except that is
not a live performance and the action is
appeared only in the early 1900s in Manila
and later spread in the regions, it has gain
public acceptance.
 The art or practice of designing and
constructing buildings.
 How Philippine Muslims organize
space in architecture is also telling of their
adherence to the Tawhid and other Islamic
beliefs. Mosque is one of the Islamic
building that characterized architecture.
LESSON 5: Various Art Forms Found in the
Philippines
The Philippine Contemporary Art is divided into
seven major art forms.
1. Music
Contemporary music in the Philippines
usually refers to compositions that have adopted
ideas and elements from 20th century art music in
the West. The music is mostly evolved into a
combination of classical, traditional, and ethnic
music.
During the contemporary period, Pinoy
pop or the Filipino pop music took place. It covers
different forms like jazz, dance hits, folksong
revival, rock and roll, rap, etc. This music is
characterized as Western-derived with English
lyrics but with pure Filipino spirit
Alternative music
1. Anak - Freddie Aguilar,
2. Tayo’y mga Pinoy - Heber Bartolome
3. Ako’y Pilipino - Florante de Leon.
At present, different music genres like pop,
rock, OPM, indigenous music, jazz, rap, a mixture
of different genres like ethnic rock, and many
other forms exist in the music industry. Also, rock
bands and pop stars entered the limelight.
2. Theatre or Theater
 In the early stage of Philippine theater,
western culture greatly influenced theater
production. Theater artists tended to imitate
popular American actors and actresses. However,
later on, Filipinos were able to expand their
horizon and create their own stage plays that
reflect Philippine realities and set up.
Furthermore, Filipinos in the field of theater
created and started to experiment on traditional
theater forms like Sarswela, Komedya, and
Senakulo.
Included in the directors who significantly
contributed to the progress of the Philippine
theater are national artists like Lamberto Avellana,
Severino Montano, and Wilfredo Ma. Guerrero.
Different styles were employed in the
Philippine contemporary theater. First is the
representational style composed of psychological
realism. Example of psychological realism is the
drama Paraisong Parisukat by Orlando Nadres
and Bayan-Bayanan by Bienvenido Noriega Jr.
3. Dance
During the contemporary period,
vaudeville or ‘bodabil’ is a stage show and a kind
of dance as well that evolved and became
popular. However, the bodabil in the American
period was not a form of stage play since it was
composed of songs, dances, and skits. It was
during the Japanese era or period when the
bodabil included short melodramas.
Later on, European ballet entered the
scene. There were ballet dance groups from other
countries who went to the Philippines to ballet is
an artistic dance form performed to music using
precise and highly formalized set steps and
perform gestures. Classical ballet, which
originated in renaissance Italy and established its
present form during the 19th century, is
characterized by light, graceful, fluid movements
with the use of pointed shoes.
4. Literature
During the contemporary period, the works
of American and British poems influenced the
English poets in the Philippines.
This kind of poetry was followed by poems
containing issues. Short stories focused on the
self-consciousness and self-expression of the
writer. There were also short stories produced
which use the vernacular language. However, it
was only the publication of Filipino literary works
that continued due to the lack of moral and
financial support, and due to the writer's choice of
producing works using a language that can be
understood by more readers.
In the area of essay and criticism, literary
criticism was produced after the World War 2
aiming to analyze the Philippine Writings. Also,
informal essays was developed by women writers.
The Contemporary Philippine Literature
was a mixture of a variety of subjects and a
product of different innovative techniques of
writers.
5. Visual Arts
During this period, there were Filipinos
who studied abroad and influenced the art making
in the country, Juan Arellano, Diosdado Lorenzo,
and Victorio Edades were among those who
studied outside the Philippines.
Moreover, Paris Cubism took its scene. It
is a kind of cubism showing fragmented figures in
larger planes color harmonies and texture.
Vincent Manansala, Romeo Tabuena, and Cesar
Legaspi were the three of the known cubists in
their times.
In Sculpture, Napoleon Abueva became
famous for his modern works. He made use of
different materials like the variety of woods,
metals and stones. Sculptors like Ramos Orlina
and Impy Pilapil explored the use of glass in
making sculptures.
The use of indigenous materials became a
trend in sculptures and installation art to promote
environmental awareness. In the Field of painting,
Kiukok uses expressionistic Cubistic style in his
artwork. BenCab on the other hand, worked with
realism and experimental devices.
6. Film and Broadcasting
It is similar to the theater, except that is not
a live performance and the action is seen on a flat
screen. Although, it appeared only in the early
1900s in Manila and later spread in the regions, it
has gain public acceptance.
The film industry in the Philippines started
in 1897 through the initiative of a foreign
businessman. Jose Nepomuceno is considered
the Father of the Philippine movies and known for
his work entitled “Dalagang Bukid”. In 1942 movie
production stopped and Filipinos went back to
watching and producing stage shows. Movie
production resumed after the war. Films produced
after the war contained war stories and heroism
like Garrison 13 and Dugo ng Bayan.
Also, film studious became prominent in
this period. LVN, Sampaguita, Lebran, and
Premiere were considered the “BIG FOUR”. Film
awards were also instituted like the Filipino
Academy of Movie Arts and Science (FAMAS)
and Maria Clara Awards.
7. Architecture
During the American colonial and
contemporary period, the Philippine architecture
adopted the modern western architectural style
and is characterized as simple, rational and
functional.
Many young Filipinos who studied in
American universities and institutes went back to
the country and brought changes in Philippine
architecture. They introduced the neoclassic style
in building structure.
Metropolitan theater is one of the
structures built during this period. Juan Arellano
designed the theater and experimented with
romanticism.
Tsalet = a type of house on stilts with a
front porch made of wood and concrete was also
developed in the early 20th century. During this
time steel was also used in buildings as protection
for calamities like earthquake. It was after the
world war 2 when the architecture in the country
departed from native tradition. Real estate
development started to take place and two story
houses were introduced.
Regional set up, residential houses,
churches, public markets, business space tend to
imitate the architectural styles in the urban. Also,
eco cultural tourism was introduced.
Theme parks and resorts were developed
in tourist spots like Palawan, Davao, Bohol, and
Batangas. Heritage towns like Vigan, Intramuros,
and Dapitan were also given attention.
LESSON 6: National Artist for Music
Music
1. Antonio Molina
 He was a concert soloist, composer, and
conductor.
 He was the Dean of Centro Escolar
Conservatory of Music.
 He included the whole tone scale,
pentatonic scale, linear counterpoints, and
ethnic instruments in his compositions.
 He is the first National Artist of the
Philippines for Music.
He composed Matinal, Hating-gabi, Malikmata.
2. Levi Celerio
 He wrote 4000 songs and remained poor.
But that is something every man of his kind
takes pride.
 His compositions range from Filipino folk
songs to Christmas Songs to love songs.
 His name was placed in the Guinness
Book of Records for his leaf-playing feat.
 He was known for the only man who could
play music with a leaf.
 He died on April 2, 2002.
 Some of his famous pieces are Sa Ugoy
ng Duyan, Dahil sa Isang Bulaklak, Saan
Ka Man Naroroon, and Ang Pipit.
3. Nicanor Abelardo
 "Father of Filipino Sonata”
 He was a prolific composer of the
kundiman in the 1920s. His works Bituing
Marikit, sarsuela, Dakilang Punglo,
Kundiman ng Luha, Mutya ng Pasig and
“Nasan ka Irog?” had a stirring, poetic
lyrics which later evolved into movie theme
song.
 His composition “Naku… Kenkoy!” (1930)
combines the fox-trot and waltz with
humor. Used as a tribute to the Komiks
character,Kenkoy. His works have
continued to draw interest even after his
death in 1934.
 He composed more than 144 songs.
4. Felipe De Leon
 He translated the lyrics of the Philippine
National Anthem from Spanish to Filipino.
 He was a composer, conductor, scholar.
 He was the Director of the department of
La Union College of Manila.
 He kept the Filipino traditions and culture
alive by "Filipinizing" western music forms.
 He composed Alitaptap, Ang Lahi Ko'y
Dakila, Noche Buena
5. Ramon P. Santos
 Composer, conductor and musicologist, is
currently the country’s foremost exponent
of contemporary Filipino music. A prime
figure in the second generation of Filipino
composers in the modern idiom, Santos
has contributed greatly to the quest for
new directions in music, taking as basis
non-Western traditions in the Philippines
and Southeast Asia.
 He composed works that interweaved
Asian culture, drama, poetry, and dance
 like his Sandiwaan, Daragang Magayon, at
Ta-O.
6. Honorata "Atang" Dela Rama
 was formally honored as the Queen of
Kundiman in 1979, then already 74 years
old singing the same song (“Nabasag na
Banga”) that she sang as a 15-year old girl
in the sarsuela Dalagang Bukid.
 Atang became the very first actress in the
very first locally produced Filipino film
when she essayed the same role in the
sarsuela’s film version.
 Atang firmly believes that the sarswela and
the kundiman expresses best the Filipino
soul, and had even performed kundiman
and other Filipino songs for the Aetas or
Negritos of Zambales and the Sierra
Madre, the Bagobos of Davao and other
Lumad of Mindanao.
7. Antonio R. Buenaventura
 He inherited his interest in music and
military from his father, Lucino
Buenaventura.
 He was born to a family of musicians and
actively involved in the band.
 He was also a conductor and restored the
Philippine Army Band to its former prestige
as one of the finest military bands in the
world making it “the only band that can
sound like a symphony orchestra”.
8. Jose Maceda
 Composer, musicologist, teacher and
performer, explored the musicality of the
Filipino deeply.
 Maceda embarked on a life-long
dedication to the understanding and
popularization of Filipino traditional music.
 Maceda’s researches and fieldwork have
resulted in the collection of an immense
number of recorded music taken from the
remotest mountain villages and farthest
island communities.
 A Filipino composer and
ethnomusicologist.
9. Andrea Veneracion
 Two of her indispensable contributions in
culture and the arts include the founding of
the Philippine Madrigal Singers and the
spearheading of the development of
Philippine choral music.
 A former faculty member of the UP College
of Music and honorary chair of the
Philippine Federation of Choral Music
 She also organized a cultural outreach
program to provide music education and
exposure in several provinces
 She is recognized as an authority on
choral music and performance and has
served as adjudicator in international
music competitions.
10. Ryan Cayabyab
 He is the most popular Filipino composer
of modern times. Through the years, he
has gone into jazz, theater, and pop to
cover all listening bases. He even
incorporated ethnic music in “Misa,” “
Kapinangan,” and “Maria Makiling.”
 He’s works are often praised for their
poetic yet easy to grasp word play
mirroring the plight of the common people.
 He composed more than 400 songs and
counting.
 Kama-Hari (Two-act musical ballet, 1980)
Katy! The Musical (Two-act musical, 1988)
Smokey Mountain (Pop CD album, 1990)
One Christmas (Christmas Album, 1993)
Noli Me Tangere (Tele-sine musical, 1995)
Spoliarium (Three-act opera, 2003)
Ignacio Of Loyola (Film Score, 2016)
Larawan: The Musical (Full-length musical
film, 2017)
Da Coconut Nut
Kay Ganda Ng Ating Musika
Nais Ko
Paraiso
Kahit Ika’y Panaginip Lang
Kailan
Tuwing Umuulan at Kapiling Ka
LESSON 7 & 8: National Artist for Visual Arts
and Literature
Visual Arts
1. Fernando Amorsolo
 Known as the “grand old man of the
Philippine art”.
 Born on May 30, 1892, in Paco, Manila
 Trademark was the Backlighting
Technique.
 His Significant works are: Planting Rice,
Chiaroscuro, Dalagang Bukid, The
Mestiza, and Maiden In a Stream.
2. Hernando R. Ocampo
  One of the thirteen moderns.
 Also a fictionist, a playwright and editor.
 Born on May 28, 1911, in Santa Cruz,
Manila.
 His major works in the visual arts include
Ina ng Balon, Calvary, Slum Dwellers, Man
and Carabao, Angel’s kiss and Palayok at
Kalan.
3. Benedicto Cabrera
 Also known as “BenCab”.
 Born on April 10, 1942 in Malabon, Rizal.
 The most popular subject of his painting
was “Sabel”.
 Studied at the University of the Philippines
Diliman.
4. Carlos "Botong" Francisco
 Was a muralist from Angono, Rizal
 Painted murals showing the historical past
of the Philippines
 His subjects depict the life in his hometown
and highlight the lives of the farmers and
the fishermen.
 Significant elements in his paintings were
lines and shapes that seem like cutouts
and their lush tropical colors.
 One of the so called “The Triumvirate”
along with other modernists Galo Ocampo
and Victorio Edades.
5. Cesar Legaspi
 One of the Thirteen Moderns
 He was a neo-realist whose important
contribution to modern art was his
refinement of cubism in the Philippine
context.
 He indigenized cubism and produced
artworks showing local temperaments.
6. Abdulmari Asia Imao
 A visual artist from Sulu, who articulated
the Muslim culture and art in the country.
 He preserved Philippine indigenous art
through the use of ethnic themes like the
ukkil, sarimanok, and naga in his paintings
and sculptures.
 Imao empowered cultural groups to take
part in promoting equality and in building a
better society.
7. Guillermo Tolentino
 The master sculptor who introduced
classical sculpture in the country.
 Known for creating monuments and but
figures of Philippine Heroes and
Presidents.
 He was the one who created the UP
Oblation, which became the representation
of the academic freedom of the university.
8. Arturo Luz
 Abstractionist known for his minimalist
paintings and sculptures which exude
sophisticated simplicity
 Started doing art at the age of 17
 Had his first lesson under the tutelage of
Pablo Amorsolo
 Enrolled at Sto. Tomas and took up Fine
Arts, and studied abroad; US and Europe,
to further improve his skills in art making.
 His major painting pieces include
Procession, Bagong Taon, Vendedor de
Flores, Skipping Rope, Candle Vendors,
Self Portrait, Night Glows, Grand Finale,
and Cyclist series
9. Frederico Aguilar Alcuaz
 Known for his gestural abstract
expressionistic paintings using a variety of
mediums like acrylic and oil.
 He was also a sculptor who produced
abstract and figurative sculptures made of
materials like ceramics, paper, and mixed
media.
 His works includes Reveries of Love, Still
Life with Landscape, Panoramic View of
Manila, Tres Marias, and Tap Room
10. Napoleon Abueva
 Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture
 Made use of wide range of materials in his
works like different types of hardwood,
stones and metals.
 He was also the sculptor who started the
trend in mixing different materials, like
metal and stone, in making sculptures.
 Among his notable works are Nine Muses,
Kaganapan, Stations of the Cross,
Sunburst, and The Transfiguration.
11. Jeremias Elizalde Navarro
 Popularly known as J. Elizalde Navarro
 Created both abstract and figure paintings
using oil and water color
 The prominent elements in his abstract
works were its geometric forms and
spontaneous strokes.
 His figure paintings were inspired by
Balinese art and culture
 His sculptures was popular for its masks,
carved in hardwood, with combined
features of human and animal.
  Also known for his assemblages wherein
he combined metals and found materials
to create stunning work of art
 Among his remarkable works are I’m Sorry
Jesus I Can’t Attend the Mass, Grand Prix:
Homage to Dodgie Laurel, A Flying
Contraption for Mr. Icarus, The Seasons,
and All Because of Humpy Dumpy’ s Fall
12. Francisco Coching
 Tagged as “Dean of Filipino Illustrators”
 Popular for his komiks drawings
 The significant features of his works were
their fluid drawings and dramatic storyline.
 Fantasy , love and adventure were the
usual themes of his works drawing
inspiration from awit and korido.
 His works illustrated gallant men and
beautiful ladies and the victory of good
over evil
 Among his works are Lapu-Lapu, Pedro
Penduko, Hagibis, El Nido, and Maldita
13. Victorio Edades
 is the “Father of Modern Philippine
Painting.”
 was born in 1895.
 was one of the “Triumvirate” who
introduced modernism in Philippine Visual
Art.
 studied art in the U.S.
14. Ang Kiuok
 Born on March 1, 1931 in Davao City.
 Ang Kiukok was known for his highly
expressionistic works containing powerful
meanings.
 Angst, anguish and anger are the glaring
emotions contained in his cubistic works
as these were created in the time of
Martial Law.
15. Jose Joya
 Born on June 3, 1931 in Manila,
Philippines.
 is an abstractionist known for his “gestural
paintings.”
 is also a multimedia artist who painted on
ceramics such as vessels, plates and tiles.
 As an artist, he promoted visual arts to the
younger generation by conducting regional
workshops.
16. Vicente Manansala
 Born on January 22, 1919 in Macabebe,
Philippines.
 studied at the University of the Philippines
School of Fine Art until 1930.
 contributed in the modernism of Philippine
visual arts by his style of transparent
cubism.
Literature
1. Francisco Arcellana
 Is a writer, poet, essayist, critic, journalist
 and a teacher
 Is the one of the important Progenitors of
the modern Filipino short story in English.
 He pioneered the development of short
story as a lyrical prose poetic form.
 For Arcellana, the pride of fiction is ”that it
is able to render truth, that is able to
present the reality”.
2. Edith Tiempo
 Edith L. Tiempo, poet, fictionist, teacher
and literary critic was one of the finest
Filipino writers in English
 whose works are characterized by a
remarkable fusion of style and substance,
of craftsmanship and insight.
 She was born on April 22, 1919 in
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya.
 Her poems are intricate verbal
transfigurations of significant experiences
as revealed, in two of her much
anthologized pieces, “The Little Marmoset”
and “Bonsai”.
3. Bienvinido Lumbera
 He spent most of his youth in Batangas
until he entered the University of Santo
Tomas in 1950 to pursue a degree in
journalism.
 He completed his M.A. and then his Ph.D.
in Comparative Literature at Indiana
University in 1967.
 Lumbera writes in English and Filipino, and
has produced works in both languages.
4. N.V.M. Gonzales
 Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzalez is a writer
known for his effective use of English
language in expressing and shaping the
culture and sensibility of the Filipino people
and the country
 He was born into a family of educators, his
mother being a teacher and his father a
school supervisor.
 When he was four years old, Gonzalez
moved with his family to the barrio of
Wasig in Mindoro. This locale had a
 seminal influence on his writing, as the
titles of his works “Hunger in Barok,” “Life
and Death in a Mindoro Kaingin,” and
Mindoro and Beyond suggest.
5. Virgilio Almario
 Is an exemplary poet who carries the
penname "Rio Alma". Alma was famously
known for his modern poetry filled with
social consciousness. He has published
numerous poetry books containing the
poet's reflection of self and society.
 Included in his work is his first major
collection of poetry, Doktrinang
Anakpawis, which reflects the 70's political
mayhem. This was followed by Mga
Retrato at Rekwerdo and Muli sa
Kandungan ng Lupa. The poetry books
mentioned were Almario's famous trilogy.
A part from being a poet, Alma is also a
scholar, a teacher, a columnist, and a
publisher. He also become the Executive
Director of the NCCA from 1998-2001.
6. Cirilio Bautista
 Is a literary genius who produced
numerous works such as poems, fictions,
and essays. Included in his major works
are Summer Suns, Galaw ng Asoge,
Words and battlefield, among others. For
Four(4) decades, Cirilio contributed in the
enrichment and promotion of Philippine
literature through his writing, workshop,
and lectures.
 He brought literature closer to the people
especially to the young generations by
conducting literary workshop and lectures
all over the country where he discussed
literary techniques and developments. He
also said in founding literary groups like
the Philippine Literary Art Council, Baguio
Writers Group, and the Iligan Writer's
Workshop. He was also an instrument in
the establishment of the Bienvenido
Creative Writing Center in the De La Salle
University.
7. Nick Joaquin
 Nick Joaquin is a playwright, poet, novelist
, short story writer, and a journalist. He
was the most distinguished Filipino writer
who used English as his medium of
writing. His literary pieces explored the
Spanish colonial past of the country and
the social changes evident in the
Philippines. Included in his works are Dona
Geronima, The Order of Melchizedek, The
Ballad Of Five Battles, Rizal in Saga,
Cave, and Shadows, and The woman,
Who Have Two Navels.
8. Amado V. Hernandez
 Amado V. Hernandez is the socially
committed writer who believes that a writer
should uplift the human spirit by being the
voice of the society in times of oppression.
Included in his numerous works are
Bayang Malaya, Isang dipang Langit, Luha
ng Buwaya, Langaw sa Isang Basong
Gatas at Iba pang Kwento ni Amado V.
Hernandez, Magkabilang Mukha ng Isang
Bagol at Iba Pang Akda ni Amado V.
Hernandez.
9. Lazaro Francisco
 Master of Tagalog novel whose literary
pieces nightlight the writer's nationalism.
 Express his desire for social change.
 He wrote for the masses and the common
people depicting their way of life.
 Published 11 literary pieces which are
considered as Philippine literary classics.
 Included in his novels are Ama,Daluyong
and Maganda Pa ang Daigdig
10. Jose Garcia Villa
 Contemporary poet who used the pen
name Doveglion (a combination of a
dove,eagle,lion).
 Known not just locally but internationally.
 Received awards outside the country for
his remarkable style in writing poetry.
 His poems collection includes Many
Voices, Poems 55, Footnote to Youth,
Poems in Praise of Love: The Best Love
Poems of Jose Garcia Villa, etc.
11. Francisco Sionil Jose
 Commonly known as F. Sionil Jose
 Shows the Filipino's aspiration for freedom
and social justice.
 He travelled to different parts of the world
and became exposed to different societal
problems.
 He realized the importance of land reform
and social change and wrote articles about
them in Manila Times Sunday Magazine,
which won numerous awards.
 As a novelist, he wrote his opus called the
Rosales Saga composed of 5 noteworthy
novels entitled Poon,Tree,,Mass,The
 Pretenders, and My Brother,My
Executioner.
12. Carlos P. Romulo
 He was an editor,a reporter,and a
publisher. He wrote series of articles
predicting the WWII and won the Pulitzer
Price in journalism in America.
 He was the only Asian, who was given the
said recognition.
 Moreover, he wrote numerous literary
works which include novels, memoirs, and
autobiographies.
 Aside from being a writer, he is a
respected world leader. He was the first
Asian, who became president of the
United Nations.
 Included in his works were his novel The
United, his autobiography I Walked with
Heroes, and other war-time memoirs.
13. Alejandro Roces
 Alejandro "Anding" Roces is known for his
staunch contributions to art and country.
 He is considered as the best comic short
story writer and one of the few humorists
in the literature.
 His work, "We Filipinos Are Mild Drinkers"
won the first prize in the Student Literary
Contest and published in the prestigious
Arizona Quarterly
 It was included in Martha Foley's famous
annual anthology of The Best American
Short Stories and considered one of the
most distinctive stories in it.
 He also became known for his anthology
entitled My Brother's Peculiar Chicken.
 Some of his works include of cocks and
kites and other stories,fiesta, and
something to crow about.
 He has a column in Daily Mirror (now
Philippine Star) dubbed as "Roses and
Thorns". Focusing on the neglected aspect
of Filipino cultural heritage, Landing works
to educate end entertain readers by giving
insightful comparisons and conclusions of
Filipino life,culture, and history in a simple
and obvious manner.
14. Carlos Aquino
 Was the first recipient of the National Artist
Award for
 Historical Literature awarded by President
Fidel V. Ramos.
 He also wrote books and article which
contain wide range of topics involving
Philippine history and culture.
 The Great Malayan is a majestic life story
of the Philippine national patriot, Jose
Rizal
 His books include Maps and Views of old
Manila
 He is a National Artist for historical
Literature.
Film and Broadcast
1. Lamberto V. Avellana
 Was the so-called “The Boy Wonder of the
Philippine Cinema ”.
 He was the director who first utilized the
motion picture camera.
 He established the Barangay Theater
Guild together with his wife, Daisy
Hontiveros-Avellana.
 “Sakay” was the first film he directed which
won the Best Picture of 1939. This movie
started his remarkable journey to the film
industry.
2. Ishmael Bernal
 Was the so-called “Genius of the
Philippine Cinema”.
 His works were reflections of the existing
realties of the Philippine society and the
struggle of the Filipino people.
 Among His works are:
a. Himala
b. Nunal sa Tubig
c. Pahiram ng Isang Umaga
d. Broken Marriage
3. Manuel Conde
 Started his journey in the world of film as
an apprentice in Philippine Films.
 He became the assistant director for
sarswela film entitled ‘Giliw Ko”.
 He Directed box office hits films like “Ibong
Adarna”.
 He also established the MC (Manuel
Conde) Production and produced movies.
 Some of his films include :
a. Siete Infante De Lara
b. Si Juan Tamad
c. Ikaw Kasi
4. Gerardo De Leon
 Piano player for silent movies
 This become his first training ground in the
field of cinema.
 He was the medical practitioner.
  Classic production are; C. American Era
a. Noli Me Tangere D. Japanese Era
b. El Felibusterismo 3. A folk dance with two people beating bamboo
c. Daigdig ng mga api poles on the ground in coordinationwith one or
d. Sisa moredancers who step over and in between the
5. Ronald Alan K. Poe poles.
 Also known as Fernando Poe jr. A. Cariňosa
 Legendary icon in the philippine cinema. B. Tinikling
 Actor, writer, director and producer. C. Maglalatik
 FPJ starred on numerous Filipino action D. Pandanggo sa Ilaw
movie like 4. A Filipino music that covers different forms like
a. Ang probinsyano jazz, dance hits, folksong, revival,rock and roll,
b. Ang alamat rap, etc.
c. Ang bayang Maynila A. Pinoy Pop
d. Ang panday B. Manila Sound
6. Eddie Romero C. Alternative Music
 Musical, love story and Drama D. Original Pilipino Music
 Screen playwright, producer and gilm 5. Who is considered as one of the most important
director. artists in the history of painting andregarded as
 He started in the field of filmmaking when the father ofPhilippine Realism?
he was still student in A. Carlos Francisco
 Silliman University in Dumaguete. B. Victorio Edades
 Screenplay C. Fernando C. Amorsolo
Ang Maestra Kamay ng Diyos D. Benidicto R.Cabrera
1948 6. It refers to writing considered to be an art form,
Anong ganda mo So long or any single deemed to have artisticor intellectual
America value, andsometimes deploys language in ways
Isumpa mo Giliw Hindi kita that differ from ordinary usage.
malimot A. Theater
 He won as The best director in his film Ang B. Visual Arts
Prinsesa at ang Pulubi in 1951. C. Literature
 He stablished the Eddie Romero D. Valediction sa Hillcrest
production. 7. Posthumously declared as national artist of the
*Buhay Alamang which won the best Philippines for cinema on May 27,2006, by Pres.
Screenplay in FAMAS Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.
*Ang Asawa kong Amerikano also won the A. Manuel Conde
best screenply in Southeast Asia film B. Gerardo de Leon
Festival w/ Luciano B. Carlos C. Wilfrido Maria Guerero
D. Ronald Allan K. Poe Jr.
8. What is the aspect of brightness and a purity of
1. The Metropolitan Theater was built by the a color?
former First Lady, Imelda R. Marcos.What place in A. Hue
Metro Manila Area does Metropolitan theater B. Value
located? C. Balance
A. Makati D. Intensity
B. Manila 9. A festival from region 2 which is a war dance of
C. Mandaluyong the Itawis tribe of Cagayan that wasconverted to
D. Muntinlupa Christianitythrough the intercession of the Lady of
2. The art characterized by immediate designs Piat.
and pattern eliciting from the believers. A. Sambali Festival
A. Islamic art B. Walistic Festival
B. Spanish Era Art C. Higantes Festival
D. Palo-palo Festival
10. It provokes different thoughts of people.
A. Aesthetic value
B. Thought Provoking
C. Cultural Commentary
D. Personal Expression
11. Artistic work or practice that uses digital
technology as an essential part of creativeor
presentation.
A. Graffiti
B. Collage
C. Digital Arts
D. Printmaking
12. Painting of Fernando Amorsolo shows that
Filipinos are living simply with ourmother nature
which makesthem live happily.
A. The T’nalak
B. The Higantes
C. Fruit Gatherer
D. Planting rice
13. A type of house designed with a front porch
made of wood and concrete.
A. Tsalet
B. Bodabil
C. Hillcrest
D. Carinosa
14. A long narrative piece of poem about a
peasant leader fighting for human rights.
A. Bodabil
B. Himala
C. Bayang Malaya
D. Valediction sa Hillcrest
15. Featured in the Guinness Book of World
Records for being the only man who couldplay
music with a leaf, hecomposed Christmas songs.
A. Jose T. Joya
B. Ishmael Bernal
C. Levi Celerio
D. Pablo S. Antonio

P.E. mah Bruhdaaa
HEALTH RELATED FITNESS
Recreation
 Anything that is stimulating and
rejuvenating for an individual. Some
people enjoys nature hikes, others are
mountain climbing. The idea behind these
activities is to expand the mind and body
in a positive and healthy way
 It relaxes your mind and
 body
 It relieves your day to day tension
 Universal need of man
Outdoor Recreation
 refers to recreation engaged in out of
doors, most commonly in natural settings.
Outdoor recreation is a broad concept that
encompasses a varying range of activities
and landscapes. Outdoor recreation is
typically pursued for purposes of physical
exercise, general wellbeing, spiritual
renewal, and an opportunity to partake in
nature whilst doing so.
Two types of recreational activities
1. Active Recreation
 refers to the structured individual or team
activity that requires the use of special
facilities, courses, fields, or equipment.
2. Passive Recreation
 refers to recreational activities that do not
require prepared facilities like sports field
or pavilions. Passive recreational activities
place minimal stress on a site’s resources
as a result, they can provide ecosystem
service benefits and are highly compatible
with natural resources protection.
Types of recreational activities
1. Physical
 Minor Sports
 Group Games
 Camping
 Outing
2. Social
 Social Dancing
 Parties
 Parlor Games
3. Cultural
 Arts and Craft
 Glee Club/Music
 Ministry
 Dramatic Guild
 Dance troupes
4. Intellectual
 Song
 Poetry
 Puzzle
 Board Games
Health Related Fitness Components
 Cardiovascular Endurance. is the body’s
ability to deliver oxygen to muscles while they
are working. Essentially, it is the heart and
lungs delivering energy to a body in motion
without undue fatigue.
 Muscular Endurance. is the ability of
a muscle or group of muscles to sustain
repeated contractions against a resistance for
an extended period of time.
 Muscular Strenght. is the highest amount of
effort exerted by the muscles of the body in
 order to overcome the most resistance in a
single effort.
 Flexibility. the range of motion of your joints or
the ability of your joints to move freely. It also
refers to the mobility of your muscles, which
allows for more movement around the joints.
 Body Composition. is a special term used in
physical fitness that measures the percentage
of fat, muscle, water and bone found in the
human body.
THE FITT PRINCIPLE
The FITT Principle is a great way of monitoring
your exercise program.
• Frequency- refers to the frequency of exercise
undertaken or how often you exercise
• Intensity- refers to the intensity of exercise
undertaken or how hard you exercise
• Time- refers to the time you spend exercising or
how long you exercise.
• Type- refers to the type of exercise undertaken
or what kind of exercise you do.
Changing from your “usual” to “more than
your usual” activity does not necessarily mean
changing everything in the FITT formula.
Frequency can be retained while the intensity is
elevated; or both can be slightly adjusted but the
time is increased; or type is changed to a more
challenging one. Remember, changing your FITT
formula should be done gradually to give your
body time to adjust to the demands you place on
it.
When your body is challenged to do more
than what it is used to, changes in your body will
start to occur. If the physical activity is too easy for
your body, changes, if any, would be
minimal.Hence, your body should be challenged
and more effort should be exerted.
Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity
(MVPA) in Recreation
Moderate-intensity physical activity is done
when a person’s target heart rate is 50% to 70%
of his/her maximum heart rate. This maximum
heart rate (MHR) is based on the person’s age.
An estimate of a person’s heart rate can be
obtained by subtracting the person’s age from
220.
Example: For a 50 year old person, the
maximum age-related heart rate would be
calculated as 220-50 (age)= 170 beats per minute
(bpm)
Vigorous-intensity physical activity is done
when a person’s target heart rate is 70% to 85%
of his/her maximum heart rate.
Example: For a 35-year-old person, the
maximum age-related heart rate would be
calculated as 220- 35 (age)= 185 beats per
minute (bpm).
70% level:185 x 0.70= 130 bpm, and
85% level; 185 x 0.85= 157 bpm
Physiological Indicators Associated with
MVPA
Heart Rate
 A persons heart rate (or pulse), refers to
the amount of times their heart beats per
minute.
 Our heart rates (HR) vary tremendously
depending on the different demands
placed upon it.
 (Virtual Heart App)
Resting Heart Rate (RHR)
A normal resting heart rate can range
anywhere from 40 to 100 beats per minute (bpm).
A chart relating resting heart rate and fitness level.
As can be seen on this chart, your resting heart
rate can vary with your fitness level and with age
— the fitter you are generally the lower the resting
heart rate.
This is due to the heart getting bigger and
stronger with exercise, and getting more efficient
at pumping blood around the body - so at rest
more blood can be pumped around with each
beat, therefore less beats per minute are required.
(the best time to take your RHR is first thing in the
morning when you wake up). MAY TABLE DUN
SA PPT NI MAAM, KAYO NA TUMINGIN,
TAMAD NA Q
Rating of Perceived Exertion
The Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE)
scale is another common method of determining
the intensity of exercise. By observing subjective
perceptions of intensity, students rate the level of
steady state work using the 6 to 20 RPE scale or
0 to 10 RPE scale developed by Borg (1982)
The numbers below relate to phrases used
to rate how easy or difficult you find an activity.
For example, 0 (nothing at all) would be how you
feel when sitting in a chair; 10 (very, very heavy)
is how you feel at the end of an exercise stress
test or after a very difficult activity. Relating real
tasks in life to RPE helps the students rate how
they feel. MAY TABLE ULIT DUN HEHE.

GOODLUCK MGA BRUH