MATH/ PROBABILITY

Sunday, February 19, 2023 12:49 PM

LESSON 1: PROBABILITY

• PROBABILITY - A branch of math that provides a description of the likely occurrence of a

specific event.
• n! - It is read as n factorial the product of a positive integer n and all the positive integers less
than it.

PERMUTATION
- It is an arrangement of things in a definite order or the ordered arrangement of distinguishable
objects without repetitions among the objects.
- n!=(n-1)(n-2)(n-3)…(2)(1)

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW?

✓ Construct Tree Diagram
✓ Use the fundamental Counting Principle (FCP) to find the number of possible outcomes
✓ Illustrate permutation

HOW TO FIND THE PERMUTATION OF "n" OBJECTS TAKEN "r" AT A TIME?

P(n, r) = __n!__, n > r

(n - r)!
Where:
"n" total number of objects
"r" numbers of objects taken at a time

DISTINGUISHABLE PERMUTATION

P = _____n!_______
p! q! r! …

Where:
"n" letters/ objects involved
'p, q, r" letters/ objects that are alike

CIRCULAR PERMUTATION

P = (n - 1)!

Where:
"n" total number of objects arranged in a circle

COMBINATION

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• COMBINATION
Process of choosing. Selecting all parts of a set of objects in which
the order is not important.

• How to find the COMBINATION of "n" objects taken "r" at a time.

C (n, r) = n! n > r > 0

(n-r)!r!

Where:
"n" total number of objects
"r" number of objects taken at a time

• FINDING THE VALUE OF R

ex
C (8, r) =56

• FINDING THE VALUE OF N

ex
C (n, 2) = 3

DEFINE EXPERIMENT, OUTCOME, SAMPLE SPACE AND CARDINALITY OF A SET

DEFINE AND ILLUSTRATE EVENTS

a. ∪ UNION
b. ∩ INTERSECTION
c. {}, Ø EMPTY/ NULL SET

EXPERIMENT
- These are activities with well-defined results.

OUTCOME
- These are the results of an experiment.

SAMPLE SPACE
- In a mathematical experiment, the set of all possible outcomes is
Called sample space denoted by S.

CARDINALITY SET
- It is the number of elements in the sample space, and is represented by n (S).

EVENTS
- It is a collection of outcomes. Also, a subset of a sample space.

SIMPLE EVENT
It is an event with a single outcome.

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- It is an event with a single outcome.

COMPOUND EVENTS
- Events which consist of two or more outcomes.

ILLUSTRATION UNION AND INTERSECTION OF EVENTS

UNION OF TWO EVENTS

• The union of two events, A or B, can be written as A ∪ B.

These are the elements found in event A, event B, or in both A and B.

INTERSECTION OF TWO EVENTS

• The intersection of two events, A and B, A ∩ B. these are the elements

Found to both events A and B.

✓ ILLUSTRATE THE PROBABILITY OF A UNION OF TWO EVENTS

- It is the ratio of the number of ways that an event can occur to the total number of
Outcomes when each outcome is equally likely to occur.

PROBABILITY OF AN EVENT

P ( E ) = n( E )
n( S )

P ( E ) - is the probability of an event

n ( E ) - number of event
n ( S ) - number of possible outcomes

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n ( S ) - number of possible outcomes

CREDITS TO: MA'AM SARAH

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