Title

Certificate

Acknowledgements

Abstract i

Contents vii

List of Tables xiv

List of Figures xvii

Aberrations xxiii

CONTENTS

Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 1

1.0 General ............................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Self Compacting Concrete ................................................................................ 3

1.2 Fiber Reinforced Concrete ................................................................................ 6

1.2.1 Steel fiber reinforced Concrete ................................................................... 6

1.2.2 Factors effecting the properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete .............. 7

1.2.3 Steel fiber reinforced self compacting concrete .......................................... 8

1.3 Torsion .............................................................................................................. 8

1.3.1 Historical Background ............................................................................... 10

1.3.2 Structural response of concrete under pure torsion .................................. 11

1.3.3 Failure mode in torsion ............................................................................. 12

1.3.4 Torsional Behaviour of Fiber reinforced concrete ..................................... 12

1.4 Recycled Concrete Aggregate ........................................................................ 13

1.4.1 Production of Concrete Aggregate from Demolition Material .................... 13

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 1.4.2 Need for the use of recycled aggregates in concrete ................................ 14

1.4.3 Recycled aggregate based self compacting concrete ............................... 14

1.5 ATENA- GID ................................................................................................... 15

1.6 Summary......................................................................................................... 15

Chapter 2 Literature Review ..................................................................................... 17

2.0 General ........................................................................................................... 17

2.1 Review of literature on Self Compacting Concrete. ......................................... 17

2.2 Review of literature on Recycled Aggregate Concrete .................................... 20

2.2.1 Literature review on Recycled aggregate based SFRSCC ....................... 24

2.3 Literature review on Torsional behaviour ........................................................ 28

2.3.1 Classical Torsion Theories........................................................................ 28

2.3.2 Review of literature on torsional behaviour of fiber reinforced concrete ... 29

2.3.3 Research Works on Torsional Behavior of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete

(SFRC) .............................................................................................................. 32

2.4 Summary of Literature Review ........................................................................ 36

Chapter 3 Scope And Objectives ............................................................................. 37

3.0 General ........................................................................................................... 37

3.1 Scope and Objectives of the Investigation ...................................................... 38

3.2 Research Methodology ................................................................................... 39

3.3 Detailed Research Methodology ..................................................................... 41

3.3.1 Phase - I.................................................................................................... 41

3.3.2 Phase - II .................................................................................................. 41

3.3.3 Phase - III ................................................................................................. 43

3.3.4 Phase - IV ................................................................................................. 43

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Chapter 4 Mechanical Properties of Steel Fiber Reinforced SCC ............................ 45

4.0 General ........................................................................................................... 45

4.1 Mechanical Properties of Steel fiber reinforced SCC ...................................... 45

4.1.1 Development of SCC ................................................................................ 45

4.1.2 Development of Steel fiber reinforced SCC .............................................. 45

4.2 Materials Used ................................................................................................ 46

4.2.1 Cement ..................................................................................................... 46

4.2.2 Fine Aggregate ......................................................................................... 46

4.2.3 Coarse Aggregate ..................................................................................... 46

4.2.4 Recycled Coarse Aggregate (RCA) .......................................................... 46

4.2.5 Fly ash ...................................................................................................... 47

4.2.6 Micro silica ................................................................................................ 47

4.2.7 Chemical Admixture .................................................................................. 47

4.2.8 Steel Fibers............................................................................................... 47

4.2.9 Water ........................................................................................................ 47

4.3 Mix Proportioning ............................................................................................ 47

4.4 Experimental Work.......................................................................................... 48

4.4.1 Test methods for evaluation of fresh properties of SCC ........................... 48

4.4.2 Slump flow test and T500 mm Slump flow fest (Reference method for filling ability)
........................................................................................................................... 48

4.4.3 V-Funnel Test (Alternative method to T500mm for filling ability)................... 48

4.4.4 J-ring (Reference method for filling and/or passing ability) ....................... 49

4.4.5 Effect of steel fibers on the fresh properties of SCC ................................. 52

4.4.6 Hardened properties of SCC..................................................................... 55

4.4.7 Discussion on hardened properties of SCC for without and with steel fibers..
........................................................................................................................... 56
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 4.5 Conclusions from Phase-I ............................................................................... 62

Chapter 5 Torsional Behaviour of Natural aggregate Steel Fiber Reinforced SCC and VC
................................................................................................................................. 63

5.0 General ........................................................................................................... 63

5.1 Torsional Behaviour of Steel fiber reinforced SCC and VC ............................. 63

5.2 Experimental Programme ............................................................................... 64

5.2.1 Mix Proportions ......................................................................................... 66

5.2.2 Experimental Setup……………………………………………………………..66

5.2.3 Testing Procedure .................................................................................... 68

5.3 Results and Discussion ................................................................................... 68

5.3.1 Discussion on fresh properties of SCC and VC ........................................ 68

5.3.2 Mechanical properties of SCC and VC ..................................................... 71

5.3.3 Discussion on torsional behaviour of SCC and VC with natural aggregates..

........................................................................................................................... 71

5.4 Comparison of test results with various models from Literature ...................... 85

5.5 Conclusions from Phase-II .............................................................................. 90

Chapter 6 Torsional Behaviour of Recycled aggregate Steel Fiber Reinforced SCC and
VC ............................................................................................................................ 91

6.0 General ........................................................................................................... 91

6.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 91

6.2 Experimental Programme ............................................................................... 93

6.2.1 Materials used .......................................................................................... 94

6.2.1.1 Recycled Coarse Aggregate (RCA) .................................................... 94

6.2.2 Mix Proportions ......................................................................................... 95

6.2.3 Beams....................................................................................................... 95

6.2.4 Curing of beams ....................................................................................... 96

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 6.2.5 Experimental Investigation ........................................................................ 96

6.2.6 Experimental setup ................................................................................... 96

6.3 Results and Discussion ................................................................................... 96

6.3.1 Discussion on fresh properties of SCC and VC ........................................ 96

6.3.2 Mechanical properties of RSCC and RVC: ................................................ 98

6.3.3 Discussion on torsional behaviour of RSCC and RVC with recycled aggregates
......................................................................................................................... 101

6.4 Comparison of test results with natural and recycled aggregates ................. 114

6.4.1 Effect of recycled aggregate on Ultimate Torque of SCC and VC .......... 114

6.4.2 Effect of recycled aggregate on Twist at ultimate torque of SCC and VC..
...................................................................................................................... …116

6.4.3 Effect of recycled aggregate on Torsional toughness torque of SCC and VC

......................................................................................................................... 117

6.5 Comparison of test results with various models from Literature .................... 118

6.6 Predicted Analytical Torsional Strength based on Non-linear regression analysis

............................................................................................................................ 123

6.7 Conclusions from Phase-III ........................................................................... 125

Chapter 7 Analysis of Torsional Behaviour of Steel fiber Reinforced SCC and VC

by using ATENA-GID............................................................................................ 127

7.0 General ........................................................................................................ 127

7.1 Introduction on ATENA GID Software ........................................................... 127

7.1.1 FEM Modelling using ATENA-GID .......................................................... 128

7.1.2 Selection of Materials ............................................................................. 128

7.1.3 Analysis of a typical beam with the following steps ................................. 130

7.2 Torsional Behaviour of Steel Fiber Reinforced SCC and VC Beams using FEM
(Natural Aggregate) ............................................................................................ 133

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 7.2.1 Effect of Steel fibers on Torsional Performance of VC ............................ 133

7.2.2 Effect of Steel fibers on Torsional Performance of SCC ......................... 135

7.2.3 Effect of aspect ratio on torsional performance of SCC and VC beams ..137

7.3 Torsional Behaviour of Steel Fiber Reinforced SCC and VC Beams using FEM (with
Recycled concrete Aggregate) ............................................................................ 139

7.3.1 Effect of Steel fibers on Torsional Performance of RVC ......................... 139

7.3.2 Effect of Steel fibers on Torsional Performance of RSCC ...................... 142

7.3.3 Effect of aspect ratio on torsional performance of Recycled aggregate based

SCC and VC beams ........................................................................................ 145

7.4 Comparison of Torsional Strength among Experimental and ATENA results 146

7.5 Comparison of torsional behaviour of Natural aggregate beams and Recycled

aggregate beams ................................................................................................ 149

7.6 Conclusions from Phase-IV........................................................................... 152

Chapter 8 Conclusions ........................................................................................... 154

8.0 Conclusions .................................................................................................. 156

8.1 Significant Contribution from the Research Work ......................................... 157

8.2 Scope for Further work.................................................................................. 158

Publications Related to Present Work………………………………………………..159

Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………….160
Appendix-I………………………………………………………………………………….171
Appendix-II…………………………………………………………………………………176

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