LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION TO
INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
ICT Meaning
Information
● knowledge obtained from reading,
investigation, study or research and
instruction
● facts provided or learned about
something or someone.
● knowledge acquired from another.
● knowledge you can convey to others.
Tools to transmit information:
● (videophone, telephone, tv. and radio)
● Knowledge and helps us to fulfill our
daily tasks
Communication
● An act of transmitting messages. It is a
process whereby information is
exchanged between individuals using
symbols, signs or verbal interactions
Technology
● Greek word “technologies” in other
form “techne” means art, skill, or craft
“logia” means study generally,
● use of scientific knowledge,
experience and resources to create
processes and product that fulfill
human needs
● Aiding communication
● Technology is applications of
scientific knowledge to solve problem
or perform a specific function.
What is ICT?
● technology required for information
processing,
● use of electronics computers,
communication devices and
application software to convert store
protect process transmit and retrieve
information from anywhere anytime.
Technology versus Information Technology
● TECHNOLOGY may be primarily
valued for physical functionality such
as transportation
● INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
is primarily valued for functions
related to data, or IT is a product,
service, or tool that derives its values
from data
Different Stages of IT Development
Pre -Mechanical Age (3000 BC - 1450 AD)
● Petroglyphs
● Cuneifrom as the first writing system
Mechanical Age (1450 - 1840)
● Computation and information
● Printing press machine invented
ElectroMechanical Age (1840 - 1940)
● Revolutionary technologies were
invented
● Telegraph to communnicate
● First digital computer was created
Electronic or Digital Age
● electronic equipment including
computers began to take place.
Five Generations of Computer
First Generation Computer (1946 - 1959)
● the first electronic computer
● Only do arithmetic operations such as
addition and subtraction up to 10
digits.
Second Generation Computers (1959 -
1965)
● TRANSISTORS are used as the
interior sections of the computer.
● Computer transistors were used and
replaced vacuum
Third Generation Computer (1965 - 1971)
● 1965 - Jack Kilby invented the
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (IC) that
was used instead of TRANSISTORS
as the interior sections to build the
computer
Fourth Generation Computer (1971 - 1980)
● CIRCUITS were used to build
computers.
● Development of microprocessor
Fifth Generation Computer (1980 - Web Fundamentals (I)
onwards) ● Connected by Hypertext Transfer
● it involves computer intelligence Protocol (HTTP)
which is associated with AI (Artificial ● Web pages can be designed by
Intelligence), natural language Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
processing and expert systems that Web Fundamentals (II)
interpret the means and practices ● Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
○ E.g. http://www.letran.edu
Why Computers are powerful? ○ http:// - protocol designer
● SPEED ○ www.letran.edu - server name
● RELIABILITY & CONSISTENCY Web Fundamentals (III)
● ACCURACY ● Security Protocols
○ Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
LECTURE 3: THE INTERNET AND THE ■ Most widely used
WORLDWIDE WEB ■ Developed by
Netscape
History of Internet Development Communications
30-year History since 1969 ○ Secure HTTP (S-HTTP)
● Pentagon & Cold War ■ Allows web clients
Original Use: and servers to specify
● Military installations privacy capabilities
● Universities independently of one
● Business firms with defense another
department contracts
Initial Goal: Internet Language I
● Design a network that maintains the Provider
safe transition of data between – An organization providing an entrance ramp
military computers to Internet
Events Browser
– A software program loaded in a PC allowing
user to access Internet
Server
– Destination point on Internet

World Wide Web (WWW) started in 1989 at
the European Particle Physics Laboratory
(CERN) by Tim Berners-Lee.
● It is a network of computers that serve
web pages that distributed hypermedia
information system on the Internet.
● Information can be organize, link, and
access via client-server protocol.
Internet Language II
Telnet
– A basic Internet service allowing user to
access remote computers
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
– A standard protocol allowing users to copy
files from computer to computer on Internet
Universal Resource Locator (URL)
– A standard way of giving the address of
resources on Internet that are part of WWW
 Internet Language III IP Address
Malicious Software The numeric address for computer connected
– Viruses to the Internet. Every device in a computer
– Trojan horse network has an IP address.
• A program on the surface Ex. 1.140.30.190
seems to perform legitimate work, but Domain Names
causes damage when executed The text version of a computer’s numeric IP
– Zombie address.
• A launching program Ex. notifycorp.com
residing in an Internet-attached
computer Top-Level Domain (TLD)
– Worm Ex. .biz, .edu, .gov
• A program replicating itself
on a computer’s hard disk, slowing
down the computer’s performance

Internet Service Providers

(ISP) is a business that has a permanent
Internet connection and provides temporary
Internet connections to individuals and
companies using one or more access method:
dial-up, high- speed dial-up, broadband, or
wireless

5G wireless technology
● designed to connect virtually everyone
and everything together including
machines, objects, and devices.
● meant to deliver higher multi-Gbps
peak data speeds, ultra low latency,
more reliability, massive network
capacity, increased availability, and a
more uniform user experience to more
users.
● Higher performance and improved
efficiency

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

URL consist of a domain name and top-level
domain designation.
 LONG TEST ANSWERS
Facts/Truths:
● Second generation computers leaned
away from cryptic, binary machine
language to symbolic, assembly
languages which programmed written
instruction.
● Information and Communication
Technology refers to technologies that
provide access to information through
telecommunications.
● The speed at which internet data travel
from one device to another is called
the transfer rate, which is expressed as
bits per second.
● Communication is a process whereby
information is exchanged between
individuals using symbols, signs, or
verbal interactions.
● Technology is applications of
scientific knowledge to solve problem
or perform a specific functions.
● Computers are one of the top sources
of entertainment since they provide a
diverse range of amusement and
entertainment possibilities.
● Replacement of vacuum tubes with
transistors made computers to become
smaller, faster, cheaper, reliable and
more energy efficient.
● Plagiarism is an act of theft in which a
person copies another person’s ideas,
words, or writings, etc and pass them
off as his or her own.
● A user is anyone who communicates
and interacts with a computer or
makes use of the information it
generates.
● Individuals, companies and countries
will seek the quickest and most
affordable ways to achieve net-zero –
the elimination of their carbon
footprint.
● ICT have provided society with a vast
array of new communication
capabilities. -
● At present, the development of
pharmaceuticals and performance
materials relies massively on trial and
error, which means it is an iterative,
time-consuming and terribly
expensive process.
● Computers are one of the key
instruments that allow people to
communicate regardless of their
location, since the computer has
evolved into an effective
communication tool that connects
family members, relatives, and friends
together, as well as allowing virtual
job interviews.
Network of networks - Internet
Origin of many researches that lead to the
development of the Internet - DARPA
Technology that permitted communication
between nodes networks - Interface Message
Processors
Created the first email send-and-read program
- Ray Tomlinson
Created the the World Wide Web - Tim
Berners-Lee
Specially formatted document that can contain
images, text, interactive elements, and
hyperlinks, which links to other pages - Web
page
Tag-based language that allows website
creators to tell the browser how to display
elements - HTML
Web page's unique address - URL
Internet connectivity service that uses satellite
technology - Fixed Wireless
Indicates the type of organization or general
domain - Top-level Domain Name
It is the numeric address for computer
connected to the Internet. -- IP Address
In the URL
"https://www.facebook.com/marketplace",
what is the protocol? -- https://
In the URL
"https://www.facebook.com/marketplace",
what is the top-level domain? -- .com
It is a process whereby information is
exchanged between individuals using symbols,
signs or verbal interactions. –
Communications
He defined ICT as as related to technologies
that facilitate the transfer of information and
various types of electronically mediated
communication. – Colrain Zuppo
It is applications of scientific knowledge to
solve problem or perform a specific function. –
Technology
It is most commonly used to download a file
from a server using the Internet or to upload a
file to a server. – File Transfer Protocol
The generation of computer that made use of
integrated circuits. – Third generation
The stage in IT development provided
development and innovations with a great
interest in computation and information. –
Mechanical
Which among the following is not a web
browser? – Line
The stage in IT development where the Morse
Code was first innovated. -
Electromechanical
The wireless internet technology that
addresses the evolution beyond mobile internet
to massive IoT. – 5G
It is an application-layer protocol created to
allow web browsers and servers to
communicate with one another. – HTTP
It is a type of computer program that, when
executed, replicates itself by modifying other
computer programs and inserting its own code.
– Worm
In the URL
"https://www.facebook.com/marketplace",
what is the domain? – www.facebook
When was the first Web server in the United
States went online? – 1991
The generation of computer that made use of
artificial intelligence. – Fifth
In the URL
"https://www.facebook.com/marketplace",
what is the webpage? – marketplace
This is a technology that permitted
communication between nodes networks at
UCLA's Kleinrock Network Measurement
Center and Stanford University's Network
Information Center. – Interface Message
Processors
The generation of computer that made use of
microprocessors. – Fourth Generation
It allows you to make free or extremely
low-cost phone conversations over the
Internet. – Voice over Internet Protocol
The generation of computer that made use of
transistors. – Second Generation
The generation of computer that made use of
vacuum tubes. – First Generation
The stage in IT development where the
primary mean of communication with each
other using simple picture drawings called
petroglyphs. – Pre-Mechanical
It is a system for disseminating information
over the Internet to a selected group of
followers. – Social Media

It is an is internet connectivity service that

uses radio signals or wireless fidelity. –
Mobile Wireless

In the early years of www, here were

practically just two types of browsers. The first
is the original development version and
____________. – line-mode browser