Lesson One

Art is a tool for communication. It is a venue for one to convey or express a thought,
emotions or aspirations it is considered art. Art offers us the chance to learn and
understand artist and the regions where they belong through their works.

➢ Art is one of the earliest and most basic forms of communication. This is seen in
the prehistorical visual artworks like the cave drawings and other early artifacts.

Visual Arts is a term used to describe wide array of artistic disciplines that are
appreciated through sight. Visual arts include the different art forms and disciplines such
as fine arts, decorative arts, and contemporary arts.

Fine Arts created primarily for its appearance rather than its practical use. (maganda pero
walang pakinabang.) drawing, sculpture, calligraphy

Decorative Arts both aesthetically pleasing and functional. It is beautiful and also useful.
(maganda at napapakinabangan.) jewelry, furniture, textile arts

Contemporary Art Forms includes recently conceived art styles and techniques that are
not easily categorized with previously mentioned forms. installation, assemblage, collage

Assemblage – a term used to describe a series of artwork made from paper collage, wood
scraps and other found objects.

Installation art – a form of cotemporary art that involves the arrangement of objects in
each space.

Mobile – suspended from the ceiling or a protruding base.

Collage – method of combining printed images with other flat media and pasted on a
canvas or board.

WHY PEOPLE DO ART?

RECOGNITION, WORSHIP, IMPULSE, SELF EXPRESSION

Performing Arts when artist use their voices and body movements to communicate
artistic expression. Performing arts come in may kinds but are all meant to be enacted in
front of a live audience.

Music defined as the manipulation of sound and silence.

Dance defined as regulated and deliberated order of body movements.

Theater the integration and combination of the visual and performing arts.

Contemporary Visual Arts

Fine Arts

Painting and Illustrations may be defined as a two-dimensional form of art that showcase
artistic expression created on a flat surface.

Sculpture

Artworks that are three dimensional.

PAINTING THEMES

Religious: the primary subject for the artworks during Spanish colonial times. Many
religious themed paintings can be seen in the murals of many churches.

Historical Themes: it can be seen in the works of Angono, Rizal (Art Capital of the
Philippines) native Carlos “Botong” Francisco whose masterpiece is “Filipino Struggles
through History.”

Portraiture: used to commemorate personalities and are seen in many formal institutions
such as government offices which started during the rise of Ilustrados during the Spanish
colonial times.

Still Life: portrays inanimate objects. It was traditionally composed of a basket or bowl of
fruits and flowers in vases on a table.

Landscapes: depicts the beauty of the outdoors. Can be seen the natural environment
such as countryside and other rural scenery. (Focuses sa rural sceneries and also sa mga
countryside.)

Genres: whose themes showcase people doing everyday activities and chores. (Mas
focused siya sa araw araw na ginagawa ng mga tao kaysa sa beauty ng outdoor or natural
environments.)

TYPES OF SCULTURES

Free-Standing (in the round) scultures that are raised independently in its given space.
(can be observed from all points of view or 360 view)

Reliefs sculptures that are raised from the background. (like piso)

➢ Bas-relief/low-relief: slightly protruding from their background.

 ➢ High-relief: prominently raised against their background.

DECORATIVE ARTS

Types of decorative arts

1. Pottery
2. Carving
3. Weaving
4. Metalwork

Pottery: making pots, and other wares using clay or mud. In vigan, ilocos sur, pottery
tradition is still alive with their high temperature. In vigan, pottery is called “burnay.”

Carving: manipulating and creating objects by subtracting and shaping solid materials
such as wood and stone. (Bulul Ifugao)

Weaving: interlacing threads or fibers to create textile, fabric or other similar products.
(Ikat, T’Boli)

Metalwork: creating and manipulating to create various items such as jewelry, weapons,
etc.
HARANA

➢ A traditional courtship ritual in the Philippines wherein a suitor serenades his

object of affection. It is always performed by a man.
➢ Uses deep tagalog words and uses to implore the girl to listen or give attention.
➢ (Ginagamit para sa panliligaw noong sinaunang panahon. Tungkol ito sa
pagpapakita ng affection towards sa girl na gusto niya.)

KUNDIMAN

➢ A musical form that is a product of Spanish colonization.

➢ It came from the word “kung hindi man” it is also written in tagalog. It is an art
song that signifies love and affection for someone.
➢ Perfomed as a solo vocal composition combined with an instrumental
accompaniment to achieve musical harmony.
➢ Described as highly emotional and sentimental because it expresses personal
sorrow. It can be love or patriotism.
➢ Performed by both genders.

BALLAD

➢ Narrates an event in a community.

➢ In modern times, ballad has been applied to describe love songs, and a balladeer
is an artist whose set of songs are primarily romantic songs.
➢ Notable Filipino contemporary ballad singers are, Jose Mari Chan, Rey Valera,
Sarah Geronimo, and Jed Madela.
➢ CHAMBER MUSIC
➢ It is a form of instrumental music composed by a small ensemble wherein each
part is played by one player.
➢ Usually performed by a group of three to eight musicians.
CHORAL MUSIC

➢ A musical composition intended to be performed by a group of singers called choir.

➢ Arranged according to voice categories such as soprano, alto, tenor, and bass.
➢ Performed in the churches, singing religious hymns during the mass.

LITURGICAL MUSIC

➢ Church music written for performances in religious rites of worship.

➢ The term is most associated with the Christian tradition.

OPERA

➢ Combination of music and theater.

➢ A sung drama that entails collaborative efforts of singers, dancers, composers, and
choreographers.
➢ An Italian noun formed from the word operari, which means ‘to work.’
➢ Aria is a type of song found in opera, which is a song sung in solo that portrays the
character’s emotional state.
➢ It was introduced in the Philippines in the mid-1800s.

PROTEST SONG

➢ A public expression of objection, disapproval or dissent towards an idea or course

of action, typically a political one.
➢ Bring to light injustices and inequality in society.
➢ Those songs seek to inspire nationalism to listeners.
MODERN MUSIC

The contemporary also introduces new scales as bases for melodies and chord use. Some
common characteristics which are not always present and are not only specific to this
period includes fewer lyrical melodies. Rhythms are complex. The defining feature of
modern music (and modern art generally) is the breaking down of all traditional aesthetic
conventions thereby unleashing complete freedom in all aesthetic dimensions, including
melody, rhythm, and chord progression.

POP MUSIC

➢ Pop music is one of the most trending types of music. It was originally started in
the 1850’s. It has evolved ever since.
➢ It is an umbrella term that encompasses a multitude of different genres of music
like RnB, rap, rock, hip hop dance, etc.
➢ Pinoy folk music is a genre of pinoy pop where artists create songs like those sung
by western folk singers like bob Dylan and peter, Paul, and Mary.

Pilipino Pop Music Version

➢ Fred panopio’s (1939 – 2010) “O ang mga babae”

➢ Yoyoy villame’s (1932 – 2017) “mag exercise tayo tuwing umaga”
➢ Juan de la cruz band “ang himig natin”
➢ Hotdog “ikaw ang miss universe ng buhay ko”
➢ Apo hiking society’s “mahirap magmahal ng syota ng iba”
Rap

A music genre that became popular in the late 1980s in the Philippines. It originated from
the African-American genre and is distinctive of its fast and rhythmic narration
accompanied by electronic music. Francis Magalona and Andrew E. are the pioneers of
Pinoy Rap.

Hip-hop

It is closely related to rap. This music genre incorporates not only rap but also RnB and
beat boxing.

Dance

A series of movements that match the speed and rhythm of a piece of music. An art form
in which human movement becomes the medium for sensing, understanding and
communicating ideas, feelings and experiences.

What is contemporary dance?

Contemporary dance become popular within the 20th century. It started with the
combination of modern and postmodern dance techniques. Over the years, it has
continued to develop and has shifted into a more commercial style of dance.

It can often include and innate focus on alignment, oppositional movement, and raw
emotions.
Notable Figures in Philippine Dance

Alice Reyes, Lisa Macuja-Elizalde, and Douglas Nierras

Aerobic dance

It is a dance routine made into an exercise program. It is usually accompanied by upbeat

pop music, over the years, there have been many variations of aerobic dancing usually
dictated by the type of music used.

➢ Jazzercise
➢ Aero hip-hop
➢ Ballroom dancing
➢ Belly dancing
➢ Brazilian-developed Zumba

Folk dance

A dance performed by various cultural groups throughout the country. It reflects the
traditional life of a region and is performed by nonprofessional dancers who are member
of the said community. It is usually performed during rituals, festivals, fiesta, and other
community celebrations.

Street dance

It is a term used to describe vernacular dances, or dances developed organically within a

community. It is a dance form that began in urban open spaces, such as park, streets,
yards, and night clubs.
Theater arts is the collaborative form of fine arts that uses live performers, typically actors
or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined situation before a live
audience in a specific place often a stage.

Precolonial time

During the prehistoric times, theater in the Philippines was in the form of indigenous
rituals, verbal jousts or games, or songs and dances to praise gods. According to the early
chronicles, prehistoric dramas consisted of three elements – myths, mimesis, and
spectacle.

These mimetic performances mostly dramatized primitive rituals and epic poetry about
deities and mythical legends, where the spirits of the deities would seemingly possess a
catalonan (priest) or babaylan (priestess).

Spanish regime

When the Spaniards reached our shores, they used dramas such as zarzuelas as a
pedagogical tool to influence the pagan tribes and teach them about Christianity and
religion.

Another important form of theater popularized during the Spanish colonization is the
comedia, also known as moro – moro, linambay, or arakyo. It is a play in verse that
portrays the lives, loves, and wars of moors and Christians.
American Colonization

When American colonial rule was established, the United States introduced the American
way of life through education, media, and language. Their influence on Philippine theater
is the most apparent through the bodabil (vaudeville) and in the plays and dramas staged
or translated into English.

Philippine Theater as We Know It Today

After the Japanese occupation, the Philippine theatre has evolved to become an
amalgamation of the various influences such as the zarzuelas, comedia, bodabil, and
western classics. Theater was largely performed in English during the time, as it became
a large part of classroom education.

Different Contemporary Theater Forms in The Philippines

Stage shows or vaudeville: A theatrical presentation of various acts and performances.

These performances may be the production of the following; comedy, skits, circus acts,
musical and dance number, acrobatic and magic shows.

Children theater: plays that are either performed by children of by adults for children.
This is intended to educate, inspire and encourage creativity and value formation. Mostly
based on folktales and legends.

Melodrama: plays that intentionally elicit tears and emotional attachment to the
characters. The main characters of a melodrama are often victims of tragedies and suffer
cruelty from people around them.

Dramatic monologue: a play wherein an individual actor speaks and acts out his
character’s thoughts and emotions.
Tula-dula or play poem: a poem is dramatized by a narrator who recites the piece and
two or three actors provide the movement and the sound effects.

Philippine National Artists (pambansang alagad ng sining)

The order of national artists (orden ng mga pambansang alagad ng sining) is the highest
national recognition given to filipino individuals who have made significant contributions
to the development of Philippine arts namely; music, dance, theater, visual arts,
literature, film, broadcast arts, architecture, and allied arts. The order is jointly
administered by the National Commission for Culture and The Arts (NCCA) and the
Cultural Center of The Philippines (CCP) and conferred by the president of the Philippines
upon recommendation by both institutions.

Qualifications Of Becoming a National Artist

1. The artist must be a filipino citizen at least at the time of the nomination. An artist
who passed away can still be nominated if he or she was a filipino citizen before
death.
2. The artist should have contributed “to building a filipino sense of nationhood” as
seen in their works.
3. The artist should have led the way in new and creative expression or style,
separating themselves from others and influencing other generations of artists.
4. The artist’s work should be noteworthy and an embodiment of excellence, further
enriching their chosen field of creative expression.
5. The artist should be critically acclaimed and accepted by legitimate institutions and
peers.
Benefits:

➢ The title and rank of a national artist

➢ Medal bearing the insignia of national artist as well as a citation
➢ A cash gift of 100k to the living artist and 75k to those who were recognized
after their death.
➢ State funeral and interment at the libingan ng mga bayani.
➢ Monthly pension with medical, hospitalization, benefits, and life insurance to
those who are still qualified.
➢ A reserved place at state functions, awarding ceremonies, and cultural events.