Commentary

Commentary

●Bearing Load Calculation ●Bearing Load Calculation

4. Bearing load calculation

To compute bearing loads, the forces which act direction of these loads differ according to the Loads acting on gears are obtained from (2) Loads acting on cross shafts
on the shaft being supported by the bearing types of gears involved. The following refers to formulas (4.2) to (4.6). Gear loads acting on straight tooth bevel gears
must be determined. Loads which act on the the calculation methods of loads acting on four Equation 4.2 describes the gear load in the and spiral bevel gears on cross shafts are shown
shaft and its related parts include weight of the types of gears. tangential direction when the shaft input torque in Figs. 4.4 and 4.5. The calculation methods for
rotating components, load produced when the is known these gear loads are shown in Table 4.3.
machine performs work, and load produced by (1) Loads acting on parallel shaft gears Herein, to calculate gear loads for straight
2T ………………………………
transmission of dynamic force. These can be The forces acting on spur gears and helical gears 　Kt ＝ (4.2) bevel gears, the helix angle β = 0.
　 Dp
mathematically calculated, but calculation is are depicted in Fig. 4.1 to Fig. 4.3. The symbols and units used in Table 4.3 are
difficult in many cases. Equation 4.3 describes the gear load in the as follows:
A method of calculating loads that act upon tangential direction when the transmitted power 　Kt : Tangential gear load (tangential force), N
shafts that convey dynamic force, which is the is known 　Ks : Radial gear load (separating force), N
primary application of bearings, is provided 　Ka : Parallel shaft load (axial load), N
19.1 × 106・H
herein. 　Kt ＝ ····················· (4.3) 　H : Transmitted power, kW
Dp・n
　n : Rotational speed min‒1
Ks 　Ks ＝ Kt・tan α (Spur gear) ··········· (4.4a)
4.1 Load acting on shafts 　Dpm : Mean pitch circle diameter, mm
tan α
　　 ＝ Kt・ (Helical gear) ········ (4.4b) 　α : Gear pressure angle, deg
　　 cos β
4.1.1 Load factor 　β : Helix angle, deg
　K r ＝　Kt2 ＋ Ks2 ························· (4.5)
There are many instances where the actual 　δ : Pitch cone angle, deg
Kt 　Ka ＝ Kt・tan β (Helical gear) ········ (4.6)
operational shaft load is much greater than the
theoretically calculated load, due to shock. This Fig. 4.1 Spur gear loads Where: Because the two shafts intersect, pinions and
actual shaft load can be estimated by using 　Kt : Tangential gear load (tangential force), N gears have the relationship of formula (4.7) and
formula (4.1). 　Ks : Radial gear load (separating force), N formula (4.8).
　K ＝ fw・Kc …………………………… (4.1) 　Kr : Right angle shaft load (resultant force 　K sp ＝ Kag ……………………………… (4.7)
Where: of tangential force and separating 　Kap ＝ Ksg ……………………………… (4.8)
　K : Actual shaft load N force), N Where:
　fw : Load factor (Table 4.1) Kss 　Ka : Parallel load on shaft, N 　Ksp , Ksg : Pinion and Gear separating force, N
Ka
　Kc : Theoretically calculated value N 　T : Input torque, N · mm 　Kap , Kag : Pinion and Gear axial load, N
　H : Transmitted force, kW
Table 4.1 Load factor fw
　n : Rotational speed min‒1 For spiral bevel gears, the direction of the load
Amount of
shock fw Machine application examples
Kt 　Dp : Gear pitch circle diameter, mm varies depending on the direction of the helix
Very little or 1.0 to Electric machines, machine tools, 　α : Gear pressure angle, deg angle, the direction of rotation, and which side is
no shock 1.2 measuring instruments. Fig. 4.2 Helical gear loads 　β : Helix angle, deg the driving side or the driven side. The directions
Railway vehicles, automobiles, rolling for the separating force (Ks) and axial load (Ka)
mills, metal working machines, paper
Light shock
1.2 to
making machines, printing machines,
Because the actual gear load also contains shown in Fig. 4.5 are positive directions. The
1.5 Kt
aircraft, textile machines, electrical vibrations and shock loads as well, the direction of rotation and the helix angle direction
units, office machines.
Kr Ks theoretical load obtained by the above formula are defined as viewed from the large end of the
1.5 to Crushers, agricultural equipment,
Heavy shock can also be adjusted by the gear factor fz as gear. The gear rotation direction in Fig. 4.5 is
3.0 construction equipment, cranes.
shown in Table 4.2. assumed to be clockwise (right).
Dp

Table 4.2 Gear factor f z

4.1.2 Gear load
Gear type fz
The loads operating on gears can be divided
Precision ground gears 1.05 to
into three main types according to the direction (Pitch and tooth profile errors of less than 0.02mm) 1.1
in which the load is applied; i.e. tangential (Kt), Fig. 4.3 Radial resultant forces
Ordinary machined gears 1.1 to
radial (Ks), and axial (Ka). The magnitude and (Pitch and tooth profile errors of less than 0.1mm) 1.3

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●Bearing Load Calculation ●Bearing Load Calculation

Table 4.4 Formula of load acting on hypoid gears

Kt
Ktp Rotation direction Clockwise Counter clockwise Clockwise Counter clockwise
Types of load
Helix direction Right Left Left Right
Kap Ka Tangential load Driving shaft
Kag Dpm Formula (4.9) Formula (4.10)
Ksp (tangential force) K t Driven shaft
Ksg Ks 2
δ β Radial load Driving shaft Formula (4.11) Formula (4.12)
(separation force) Ks Driven shaft Formula (4.13) Formula (4.14)
Ktg Parallel load on gear shaft Driving shaft Formula (4.15) Formula (4.16)
(axial load) Ka Driven shaft Formula (4.17) Formula (4.18)

Fig. 4.4 Loads on bevel gears Fig. 4.5 Bevel gear diagram (4) Load acting on worm gears
A worm gear is a gear made by combining a
Table 4.3 Loads acting on bevel gears 6
19.1 × 10 H ……………………
　Ktp ＝ （4.9） worm (screw gear) and a worm wheel (helical
Rotation direction Clockwise Counter clockwise Clockwise Counter clockwise 　 Dpmp np
Types of load gear). The gear direction differs depending on
Helix direction Right Left Left Right the rotation direction and the screw direction
19.1 × 106H cosβg
Ktp …（4.10） (right screw, left screw) of the worm shaft.
6
19.1×10 ・H 　Ktg ＝ ＝
Tangential load (tangential force) K t Kt = 　 Dpmg ng cosβp
D pm・n Fig. 4.8 shows the direction of loads acting on
cosδ cosδ the gear, and Table 4.5 shows the calculation
Driving side Ks = K t tanα + tanβsinδ Ks = K t tanα ‒ tanβsinδ Ktp
Radial load
cosβ cosβ 　Ksp ＝ （tanαp cosδp1＋sinβp sinδp1）…（4.11） method of the loads.
　　 cosβp
(separation force) Ks
cosδ cosδ
Driven side Ks = K t tanα ‒ tanβsinδ Ks = K t tanα + tanβsinδ
cosβ cosβ Ktw
Ktp
　Ksp ＝ （tanαp cosδp1ー sinβp sinδp1）…（4.12）
sinδ sinδ 　　 cosβp Ksw
Driving side Ka = K t tanα ‒ tanβcosδ Ka = K t tanα + tanβcosδ
cosβ cosβ
Parallel load on gear
shaft (axial load) Ka
sinδ sinδ Ktg
Driven side Ka = K t tanα + tanβcosδ Ka = K t tanα ‒ tanβcosδ 　Ksg ＝ （tanαg cosδg2 ー sinβg sinδg2）…（4.13）
cosβ cosβ 　　 cosβg Kth
Kaw

Ktg
(3) Load acting on hypoid gears Where: 　Ksg ＝ （tanαg cosδg2＋sinβg sinδg2）…（4.14）
　　 cosβg Ksh
A hypoid gear is a spiral bevel gear that Kt : Tangential gear load (tangential force), N
Kah
transmits power by offset shafts. Fig. 4.6 shows Ks : Radial gear load (separating force), N
Ktp
the load acting on a hypoid gear, and Table 4.4 Ka : Parallel shaft load (axial load), N 　Kap ＝ （tanαp sinδp1 ー sinβp cosδp1 ）…（4.15）
　　 cosβp
shows the calculation method. H : Transmitted force, kW
n : Rotational speed min‒1 Fig. 4.7 Worm gears
Ktp
Ktp Dp : Gear mean pitch circle diameter, mm 　Kap ＝ （tanαp sinδp1 ＋sinβp cosδp1）…（4.16）
Ksp 　　 cosβp
α : Gear pressure angle, deg Kt : Tangential gear load (tangential force), N
Kag β : Helix angle, deg Ks : Radial gear load (separating force), N
Ktg
δ1 : Tooth tip cone angle, deg 　Kag ＝ （tanαg sinδg2＋sinβg cosδg2）…（4.17） Ka : Parallel shaft load (axial load), N
　　 cosβg
Ksg δ2 : Tooth bottom cone angle, deg H : Transmitted force, kW
Ktg Kap ＊The driving shaft has a subscript p , and the n : Rotational speed min‒1
Ktg
driven shaft has a subscript g. 　Kag ＝ （tanαg sinδg2 ー sinβg cosδg2）…（4.18） Dp : Gear mean pitch circle diameter, mm
　　 cosβg
α : Gear pressure angle, deg
γ : Worm lead angle, deg
＊The worm shaft has a subscript w, and the
Fig. 4.6 worm gear has a subscript h.
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Commentary

●Bearing Load Calculation ●Bearing Load Calculation

4.1.3 Chain / belt shaft load 4.2 Bearing load distribution

Right screw, clockwise Right screw, counter
The tangential loads on sprockets or pulleys
Ksw Ksw Ksw Ksw
when power (load) is transmitted by means of For shafting, the static tension is considered
chains or belts can be calculated by formula to be supported by the bearings, and any
Ktw Ktw
Kaw Kaw (4.19) as shown in Fig. 4.9. loads acting on the shafts are distributed to
the bearings. For example, in the gear shaft
19.1 × 10 6・H ……………
　K t ＝ （4.19） assembly depicted in Fig. 4.10, the applied
　 Dp・n
bearing loads can be found by using formulas
Where: (4.21) and (4.22).
　Kt : Sprocket/pulley tangential load, N This example is a simple case, but in reality,
　H : Transmitted power, kW many of the calculations are quite complicated.
　Dp : Sprocket/pulley pitch diameter, mm
a+b d
　FrA ＝ FⅠ＋ FⅡ …………（4.21）
　　　　 b c+d
Left screw, clockwise Left screw, counter For belt drives, an initial tension is applied to
a c
Ksw Ksw Ksw Ksw
give sufficient constant operating tension on the 　FrB ＝ – FⅠ＋ FⅡ …………（4.22）
　　　　 b c+d
belt and pulley.
Ktw Ktw
Kaw Kaw Taking this tension into account, the radial Where:
loads acting on the pulley are expressed by 　FrA : Radial load on bearing A, N
formula (4.20). For chain drives, the same 　FrB : Radial load on bearing B, N
formula can also be used if vibrations and shock 　FⅠ, FⅡ : Radial load on shaft, N
loads are taken into consideration.
　K r ＝ f b・K t ……………………… （4.20） If directions of radial load differ, the
Where: vector sum of each respective load must be
　K r : Sprocket or pulley radial load, N determined.
　f b : Chain or belt factor (Table 4.6)
Fig. 4.8 Load acting on worm gears
Table 4.6 chain or belt factor f b a b
Bearing A Bearing B
Table 4.5 Calculation method of load acting on worm gears Chain or belt type fb
Gear type Worm shaft Worm gear Chain (single) 1.2 to 1.5
V-belt 1.5 to 2.0
Tangential load 19.1×10 6 H K tw Timing belt 1.1 to 1.3
K tw = K th = = Kaw FrA FrB
(tangential force) K t nD pw tanγ Flat belt (w / tension pulley) 2.5 to 3.0
Flat belt 3.0 to 4.0 F! F@
Radial load Ktw tanα K tw tanα c d
Ksw = Ksh = = Ksw
(separating force) Ks tanγ tanγ

side Fig. 4.10

se
Parallel load on gear
Kaw =
Ktw F1 Loo
Kah = K tw
shaft (axial load) Ka tanγ
Dp
Kr

F2 Tens
ion side

Fig. 4.9 Chain / belt loads

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Commentary

●Bearing Load Calculation ●Bearing Load Calculation

4.3 Mean load
The load on bearings used in machines under
normal circumstances will, in many cases,
fluctuate according to a fixed time period
or planned operation schedule. The load on
F 4.4 Equivalent load load which would cause the same total
F(t) permanent deformation at the most heavily
Fm 4.4.1 Dynamic equivalent load stressed contact point between the rolling
When both dynamic radial loads and dynamic elements and the raceway as under actual load
axial loads act on a bearing at the same time, the conditions; that is when both static radial loads
0 to to t
hypothetical load acting on the center of the and static axial loads are simultaneously applied
2

bearings operating under such conditions can Fig. 4.12 Load that fluctuated as function of time bearing which gives the bearings the same life to the bearing.
be converted to a mean load (Fm). This is a load as if they had only a radial load or only an axial For radial bearings this hypothetical load refers
which gives bearings the same life they would (3) Linear fluctuating load (Fig. 4.13) load is called the dynamic equivalent load. to pure radial loads, and for thrust bearings it
have under constant operating conditions. The mean load, Fm, can be approximated by For radial bearings, this load is expressed refers to pure centric axial loads. These loads
formula (4.25). as pure radial load and is called the dynamic are designated static equivalent radial loads and
(1) Fluctuating stepped load (Fig. 4.11) equivalent radial load. For thrust bearings, it is static equivalent axial loads respectively.
Fmin ＋ 2Fmax
The mean bearing load, Fm, for stepped loads 　Fm ＝ ……………… (4.25) expressed as pure axial load, and is called the
　 3
is calculated from formula (4.23). F1, F2 ..... Fn dynamic equivalent axial load. (1) Static equivalent radial load
are the loads acting on the bearing; n1, n2 ..... F For radial bearings the static equivalent radial
nn and t1, t2 ..... tn are the bearing speeds and (1) Dynamic equivalent radial load load can be found by using formula (4.30) or
Fmax
operating times respectively. Fm The dynamic equivalent radial load is expressed (4.31). The greater of the two resultant values is
1/p by formula (4.28). always taken for P0r.
Σ（F i n i t i ） ……………
p
　Fm ＝〔 〕 (4.23) Fmin 　Pr ＝ XFr ＋ YFa ……………………… (4.28) 　P0r ＝ X0 Fr ＋ Y0 Fa ………………… (4.30)
　 Σ（n i t i ）
Where: 　P0r ＝ Fr ……………………………… (4.31)
Where: t 　Pr : Dynamic equivalent radial load, N Where:
　p ＝ 3 For ball bearings Fig. 4.13 Linear fluctuating load 　Fr : Actual radial load, N 　P0r : Static equivalent radial load, N
　p ＝ 10/3 For roller bearings 　Fa : Actual axial load, N 　Fr : Actual radial load, N
(4) Sinusoidal fluctuating load (Fig. 4.14) 　X : Radial load factor 　Fa : Actual axial load, N
F The mean load, Fm, can be approximated by 　Y : Axial load factor 　X0 : Static radial load factor
F1
formulas (4.26) and (4.27). The values for X and Y are listed in the bearing 　Y0 : Static axial load factor
F2 Fm Case (a) Fm ＝ 0.75 Fmax ……………… (4.26) tables. The values for X0 and Y0 are given in the
Case (b) Fm ＝ 0.65 Fmax ……………… (4.27) respective bearing tables.
(2) Dynamic equivalent axial load
Fn
F As a rule, standard thrust bearings with α (2) Static equivalent axial load
n1 t1 n2 t2 nn tn
contact angle of 90° cannot carry radial loads. For spherical thrust roller bearings the static
Fmax
Fig. 4.11 Stepped load However, self-aligning thrust roller bearings can equivalent axial load is expressed by formula
Fm
accept some radial load. The dynamic equivalent (4.32).
(2) Continuously fluctuating load (Fig. 4.12) axial load for these bearings is given in formula 　P0a ＝ Fa ＋ 2.7Fr …………………… (4.32)
Where it is possible to express the function F(t) (4.29). Where:
t
in terms of load cycle to and time t, the mean (a) 　Pa ＝ Fa + 1.2Fr ……………………… (4.29) 　P0a : Static equivalent axial load, N
F
load is found by using formula (4.24). Where: 　Fa : Actual axial load, N
Fmax 　Pa : Dynamic equivalent axial load, N 　Fr : Actual radial load, N
1/p
1 to
　Fm ＝〔 t ∫ F（t）dt 〕 …………… (4.24)
p
　Fa : Actual axial load, N Provided that Fr / Fa ≦ 0.55 only.
　　　 o o
Fm
　Fr : Actual radial load, N
Where: Provided that Fr / Fa ≦ 0.55 only. 4.4.3 L
 oad calculation for angular contact ball
　p ＝ 3 For ball bearings t bearings and tapered roller bearings
(b)
　p ＝ 10/3 For roller bearings 4.4.2 Static equivalent load For angular contact ball bearings and tapered roller
Fig. 4.14 Sinusoidal variable load The static equivalent load is a hypothetical bearings the pressure cone apex (load center) is

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 Commentary
Commentary

●Bearing Load Calculation ●Bearing Load Calculation

located as shown in Fig. 4.15, and their 4.5 B

 earing rating life and load calculation given on page B-26 is 17.8 kN and f0 is 14.0.
values are listed in the bearing tables. examples Therefore:
When radial loads act on these
　f0・Fa 14 ×1.8
types of bearings a component force is In the examples given in this section, for the ＝ ＝ 1.42
C0r 17.8
induced in the axial direction. For this F purpose of calculation, all hypothetical load
F Fa
reason, these bearings are used in pairs. Fa factors as well as all calculated load factors may Calculated by the proportional interpolation
For load calculation this component α Load be presumed to be included in the resultant load method given on B-27, e = 0.30.
Load center
center α Fr
force must be taken into consideration Fr values. For the operating radial load and axial load:
and is expressed by formula (4.33). Bearing loads and the basic rating life of
　Fa 1.8
bearings can be calculated using the bearing ＝ ＝ 0.56 ＞ e = 0.30
0.5Fr ………………… 　F r 3.2
　F ＝ (4.33) technical calculation tool on the NTN website
　 a Y
a a (https://www.ntnglobal.com). From B-27, X = 0.56 and Y = 1.44,
Where: and from formula (4.28) the dynamic equivalent
Angular contact ball Tapered roller bearing
　Fa : Axial component force, N bearing (Example 1) radial load, Pr, is:
　Fr : Actual radial load, N What is the rating life in hours of operation 　Pr ＝ XFr＋YFa
　Y : Axial load factor Fig. 4.15 Pressure cone apex and axial component force L10h for deep groove ball bearing 6208 　　＝ 0.56 × 3.2＋1.43 × 1.8
The axial loads for these bearing pairs operating at rotational speed n ＝ 650 min‒1, 　　＝ 4.38　kN
are given in Table 4.7. with a radial load Fr of 3.2 kN? From Fig. 3.1 and Table 3.1 the life factor, f h,
is:

Table 4.7 Bearing arrangement and equivalent load Cr 32.5

From formula (4.28) the dynamic equivalent 　f h ＝ f ＝ 0.37 × ＝ 2.75
Load center Load conditions Axial load 　　　　n Pr 4.38
radial load Pr:
BrgⅠ BrgⅡ 0.5FrⅡ 　Pr ＝ Fr ＝ 3.2kN Therefore, with life factor f h = 2.75, from Fig.
Rear FaⅠ= ＋Fa
YⅡ Basic dynamic load rating Cr for bearing 6208 3.1 the rated life, L10h, is approximately 10,500
0.5FrⅠ 0.5FrⅡ
≦ ＋Fa given on page B-26 is 32.5 kN, ball bearing hours.
Fa YⅠ YⅡ
speed factor fn relative to rotational speed
FrⅠ FrⅡ
n = 650 min‒1 from Fig. 3.1 is fn = 0.37. Thus life (Example 3)
BrgⅡ BrgⅠ factor f h from formula (3.5) is: Determine the optimum model number for
Front
0.5FrⅠ 0.5FrⅡ a cylindrical roller bearing operating at the
＞ ＋Fa Cr 32.5
YⅠ YⅡ 　f h ＝ f n ＝ 0.37 × ＝ 3.76 rotational speed n ＝ 450 min‒1, with a radial
Fa
0.5FrⅠ Pr 3.2
FrⅡ FrⅠ FaⅡ= − Fa load Fr of 200 kN, and which must have a life
YⅠ
Therefore, with f h = 3.76 from Fig. 3.1 the (L10h) of over 20 000 hours.
BrgⅠ BrgⅡ rated life, L10h, is approximately 27 000 hours.
Rear
0.5FrⅡ 0.5FrⅠ
≦ ＋Fa (Example 2) From Fig. 3.1 the life factor
Fa YⅡ YⅠ 0.5FrⅠ
FaⅡ= ＋Fa What is the life rating L10h for the same f h = 3.02 (L10h at 20 000), and the speed factor
FrⅠ FrⅡ YⅠ
bearing and conditions as in Example 1, but f n = 0.46 (n = 450 min‒1). To find the required
BrgⅡ BrgⅠ 0.5FrⅡ with an additional axial load Fa of 1.8 kN? basic dynamic load rating, Cr, formula (3.5) is
Front FaⅠ= − Fa
0.5FrⅡ 0.5FrⅠ YⅡ used.
＞ ＋Fa
Fa YⅡ YⅠ
fh 3.02
To find the dynamic equivalent radial load 　Cr ＝ P ＝ × 200 ＝ 1 313kN
FrⅡ FrⅠ 　　　 f n r 0.46
value for Pr, the radial load factor X, axial load
Note: 1. Applies when preload is zero.
2. Radial forces in the opposite direction to the arrow in the above illustration are also regarded as positive. factor Y, and Constant e are used. From page B-108, the smallest bearing that fulfills
3. Dynamic equivalent radial load is calculated by using the table on the right of the size table of the bearing after axial load is obtained for Basic static load rating C0r for bearing 6208 all the requirements is NU2332E (Cr = 1 460 kN).
X and Y factor.

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Commentary

●Bearing Load Calculation ●Bearing Load Calculation

(Example 4) From page B-137, the dynamic equivalent (Example 5) (Example 6)

The spur gear shown in Fig. 4.16 (pitch radial load for bearingⅠis: Find the mean load for spherical roller Find the threshold values for rating life time
diameter Dp = 150 mm, pressure angle bearing 23932EMD1 (Cr ＝ 455 kN) when and allowable axial load when cylindrical
FaⅠ 0
α ＝ 20°) is supported by a pair of tapered 　 ＝ ＝ 0 ＜ e ＝ 0.29 operated under the fluctuating conditions roller bearing NUP312 is used under the
　Fr Ⅰ 5.98
roller bearings, 32907XU (Cr ＝ 30.5 kN) and shown in Table 4.8. following conditions:
　Pr Ⅰ ＝ Fr Ⅰ＝ 5.98kN
32908XU (Cr ＝ 36.0 kN). Find rating life for Provided that intermittent axial load and
each bearing when gear transfer power Equally, the dynamic equivalent radial load for oil lubricant.
Table 4.8
H ＝ 150 kW and rotational speed bearingⅡis: 　Radial load Fr ＝ 10kN
Condition Operating Radial load Axial load Rotational
n ＝ 2 000 min–1. No. time speed 　Rotational speed n ＝ 2 000min‒1
　Fa Ⅱ 1.45 i φi Fri Fai ni
＝ ＝ 0.35 ＞ e ＝ 0.29 % kN kN min–1
　Fr Ⅱ 4.18
1 5 10 2 1 200
　Pr Ⅱ ＝ X FrⅡ＋ YⅡ FaⅡ
2 10 12 4 1 000
Radial load Fr is 10 kN, and
Bearing1 Bearing2 　　　＝ 0.4 × 4.18 ＋ 2.07 × 1.45
　Pr ＝ Fr ＝ 10kN
(32907XU) (32908XU) 　　　＝ 4.67kN 3 60 20 6 800
The speed factor of cylindrical roller bearing,
4 15 25 7 600
From formula (3.5) and Fig. 3.1 the life factor, 　f n , at n ＝ 2 000 min‒1 , from Table 3.1
150

5 10 30 10 400
f h, for each bearing is
33.3 3/10
　fn ＝〔 〕 ＝ 0.293
CrⅠ 　　　　2 000
　f hⅠ＝ fn ＝ 0.293 × 30.5／5.98 ＝ 1.49 The dynamic equivalent radial load, Pr , for
70 100 　　　　 PrⅠ
170 each operating condition is found by using The life factor, f h , from Table 3.1
CrⅡ
　f hⅡ＝ fn ＝ 0.293 × 36.0／4.67 ＝ 2.26 formula (4.28) and shown in Table 4.9 . Because
　　　　 PrⅡ 137
Fig. 4.16 Spur gear diagram all the values for Fri and Fai from the bearing 　f h ＝ 0.293 × ＝ 4.01
　　　　　　　 10
Therefore, from Table 3.1 tables are greater than Fa / Fr > e ＝ 0.17,
The gear load from formulas (4.3), (4.4a) and 　L hⅠ ＝ 500 f hⅠ ＝ 1 900 hours X ＝ 0.67, Y2 ＝ 5.81 Therefore the basic rated life, L10h , from
(4.5) is: 　L hⅡ ＝ 500 f hⅡ ＝ 7 550 hours 　Pri ＝ XFri ＋Y2 Fai ＝ 0.67Fri ＋ 5.81Fai Table 3.1
The combined system bearing life, Lh, from From formula (4.23) the mean load, Fm, is: 　L10h ＝ 500 × 4.0110/3 ≒ 51 000 hours
19.1 × 106・H 19 100 000 ×150
　Kt ＝ ＝ formula (3.3) is: Next, the allowable axial load of the cylindrical
　　 Dp・n 150 × 2 000 Σ（Pri 10/3・n i・φ i） 3/10
　　 〔 〕 ＝ 50.0kN
　Fm = roller bearing is shown on page A-32.
　　 ＝ 9.55kN 　　　　　　　 1 Σ（n・ i φi ）
　　Lh ＝ In formula (3.13) on page A-32, based on
1 1
　Ks ＝ Kt・tan α＝ 9.55 × tan20°
〔 Lh1 〕
1/e
e＋ L e NUP312 from Table 3.7 on page A-33, k = 0.065.
　　 ＝ 3.48kN h2 Table 4.9
In addition, Dpw ＝ (60 + 130) / 2 ＝ 95 mm,
　Kr ＝　K t 2 ＋ K s 2 ＝ 　9.552 ＋ 3.482 　　　　　　　　　　　1 Condition No. Dynamic equivalent radial load.
　　　 ＝ i P ri（kN） n ＝ 2 000 min‒1.
1 1
　　 ＝ 10.16kN
〔 1 900 〕
8/9
9/8
＋ 1 18.3 Thus, the formula below holds when the
7 550 9/8
The radial loads for bearings ⅠandⅡ are: 　　　 2 31.3 case of the intermittent axial load is taken into
＝ 1 600 hours
3 48.3
consideration.
100 100
　FrⅠ ＝ Kr ＝ ×10.16 ＝ 5.98kN 　Dpw・n × 104 ＝ 19 × 104
　　　 170　　 170 4 57.4
In Fig. 3.16 on page A-33, Dpw・n ＝ 19 × 104.
70 70 5 78.2
　FrⅡ ＝ Kr ＝ ×10.16 ＝ 4.18N In the case of the intermittent axial load,
　　　 170　　 170
allowable surface pressure at the lip Pt ＝ 40 MPa.
　0.5FrⅠ 0.5FrⅡ
＝1.45 ＞ ＝ 1.01 Therefore, Therefore the allowable axial load, Pt ,
　 YⅠ YⅡ
becomes the following.
The axial loads for bearing ⅠandⅡ are: 　Pt ＝ 0.065 × 602 × 40 ＝ 9 360N
Based on Table 3.7 on page A-33, it is within
　Fa Ⅰ ＝ 0kN
the limits of Fa max < 0.4 × 10 000 = 4 000 N.
0.5FrⅠ 0.5 × 5.98
　Fa Ⅱ ＝ ＝ ＝ 1.45kN Therefore Pt < 4 000 N.
　 YⅠ　　　　 2.06
A-44 A-45