Lesson 1.

Differentiating Relationships
between Causes and
Consequences of Trends

Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century Culture

General Academic Strand | Humanities and Social Sciences
Recall your childhood
experiences. What kinds
of games did you enjoy?
What kinds of games do
you enjoy now?

2
Changes in the types of
games that people play
can be understood in the
context of existing and
emerging trends in
society.

3
The same can also be said
of the transformations in
other areas of social life.

4
 Think-Pair-Share
Let’s
Connect
1. With a partner, identify a 21st-century trend
that affects Filipino youth.

2. Choose a trend not given as an example in

the previous meetings.

3. Discuss its causes and consequences.

4. Be ready to share your insights to the rest of

the class.
5
 What is an example of a trend that affects
Let’s
Filipino youth?
Connect

6
 In what ways does the trend affect Filipino
Let’s
youth?
Connect

7
 3. How should the Filipino youth respond to
Let’s the trend?
Connect

8
Essential
Question

How can you fully understand the emergence

of trends?

9
 Definition of Terms

Cause Consequence

factors that lead to the the effects of the trend on

emergence of a trend society, groups, and
individuals

10
 Definition of Terms

Causation Correlation

exists when an object, exists when an object,

condition, or event is the condition, or event only
direct reason for the appears with the
emergence of a trend emergence of a trend

11
Causes of Trends

● technological innovations
● institutional changes
● demographic changes
● ideational changes
● environmental changes

12
 Causes of the Emergence of a Trend

Technological Innovations

● improvement of existing
technology
● invention of new
technology

13
 Causes of the Emergence of a Trend

Institutional Changes

changes in the patterns that are

embedded in social institutions

14
 Causes of the Emergence of a Trend

Demographic Changes

shifts in the characteristics of a

population

15
 Causes of the Emergence of a Trend

Environmental Changes

transformations in the living and

nonliving components of the
natural world

16
 Check
Your
Progress

Enumerate the causes of a trend that affects

your household.

17
 Consequences of Trends

Observable at the following

levels of analysis:

● macro
● meso
● micro

18
 Consequences of Trends

Macro impacts of a trend on the overall structure of

society

Meso

Micro
 Consequences of Trends

Macro

Meso effects of a trend on communities,

institutions, and organizations.

Micro
 Consequences of Trends

Macro

Meso

Micro observable in changes in human interactions

Example: Globalization

Macro: made countries more

interconnected

Meso: modified the role of the

government in the economy

Micro: transformed the

consumption patterns of
individuals

22
 Check
Your
Progress

Enumerate the consequences of a trend that

affects your household.

23
 Linking Causes and Consequences

● The causes of a trend come from different areas of

social life.

● The consequences are felt in various settings.

24
 Linking Causes and Consequences

● The consequence of one trend may become the cause

of another trend.

● Trends are interconnected.

25
 Identification. Identify the concept defined in each
Try This! statement. Choose the answer from the box below.

1. Shifts in the prevailing patterns in the

family, education, and politics are
examples of this causal mechanism.

technological innovations demographic changes

ideational changes institutional changes
environmental changes
26
 Identification. Identify the concept defined in each
Try This! statement. Choose the answer from the box below.

2. This causal mechanism refers to the

introduction of equipment, process, or
technique.

technological innovations demographic changes

ideational changes institutional changes
environmental changes
27
 Identification. Identify the concept defined in each
Try This! statement. Choose the answer from the box below.

3. Changes in a population are part of this

causal mechanism.

technological innovations demographic changes

ideational changes institutional changes
environmental changes
28
 Identification. Identify the concept defined in each
Try This! statement. Choose the answer from the box below.

4. In this level of analysis, the effects are

evident in the thoughts and actions of
individuals.

macro meso
micro

29
 Identification. Identify the concept defined in each
Try This! statement. Choose the answer from the box below.

5. Looking at this level requires identifying

the effects of a trend on the overall
structure of society.

macro meso
micro

30
Wrap-Up
● Trends have causes and consequences.

● The possible causes are (1) technological

innovations (2) institutional, (3) demographic,
(4) ideational, and (5) environmental changes.
These mechanisms are interrelated.

31
Wrap-Up ● The consequences may be analyzed at the
macro, meso, and micro levels of analysis.

● A trend may be the reason for the emergence or

decline of another trend.

32
Wrap-Up

33
Challenge
Yourself
Explain the causes of a trend in the Philippine
setting. Then, analyze its consequences at one
level of analysis.

34
 Mind Mapping
Create a mind map that traces the causes and consequences of a
trend found in the Philippine setting.

1. This task will be done individually.

2. think of a trend that you can observe in the Philippine setting.
3. Create a mind map by following these steps:
a. Write the name of the trend inside a shape.
b. Draw lines on each side of the shape, which will serve as the
branches of the mind map.
c. Enumerate the causes on the right side and the
consequences on the left side.
Photo Credit

Slide no. 17: Batasan (2891409318) by Gerald Tejada is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons

36
Bibliography

Babb, Sarah. Behind the Development Banks: Washington Politics, World Poverty, and the Wealth of Nations. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 2009.

Griffiths, Heather, and Nathan Keirns. "Social Movements and Social Change." In Introduction to Sociology 2e,
Houston. OpenStax, 2017. https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-2e/pages/21-3-social-change.

Harvey, David. A Brief History of Neoliberalism. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

Johnson, Jeffrey L. "Correlations and Causes." In Inferring and Explaining, 107-116. Portland: Portland State University
Library, 2019.

37
Bibliography

Macionis, John J. "Social Change: Traditional, Modern, and Postmodern Societies." In Sociology, 14th ed., 562-585.
New York: Pearson College Division, 2012.

Turner, Jonathan H. "Theoretical Sociology Today." In Theoretical Sociology: A Concise Introduction to Twelve
Sociological Theories, 1-6. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, 2013.

38