Chapter 2 - Sequences, Expressions and Formulae PDF

CHAPTER 2 – SEQUENCES, EXPRESSIONS AND FORMULAE YEAR 7|MATHEMATICS A+
2.1 GENERATING SEQUENCES (1)

Notes:
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, … is a sequence of numbers.
Each number in the sequence is called a term. The first term is 2, the second term is 4 and so on.
Terms that follow each other are called consecutive terms. 2 and 4 are consecutive terms, 4 and 6 are
consecutive terms and so on. Each term is 2 more than the term before, so the term-to-term rule is:
‘Add 2.’
Three dots written at the end of a sequence show that the sequence continues for ever. A sequence
that carries on for ever is called an infinite sequence.
If a sequence doesn’t have the three dots at the end, then it doesn’t continue for ever. This type of
sequence is called a finite sequence.
Exercises:
1. Write down the term-to-term rule and the next two terms of this sequence.
2, 6, 10, 14, … , …
2. Write down the term-to-term rule and the next two terms of this sequence.
8, 11, 14, 17, … , …
3. Write down the term-to-term rule and the next three terms of this sequence.
9, 27, 81, 243, … , …
4. The first term of a sequence is 4. The term-to-term rule of the sequence is: ‘Multiply by 2 and then
add 1.’ Write down the first three terms of the sequence.
add 2.’ Write down the first three terms of the sequence.
P a g e 1 | Ms Amni
6. The first term of a sequence is 100. The term-to-term rule of the sequence is: ‘Divide by 2’. Write
down the first five terms of the sequence.
subtract 1.’ Write down the first three terms of the sequence.
8. For each of these infinite sequences, write down:

i) the term-to-term rule ii) the next two terms.
a) 2, 4, 6, 8, …, …
b) 1, 4, 7, 10, …, …
c) 5, 9, 13, 17, …, …
d) 3, 8, 13, 18, …, …
e) 30, 28, 26, 24, …, …
f) 17, 14, 11, 8, …, …
g) 6, 13, 27, 55, 111, …, …
h) 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, …, …
i) 7, 15, 31, 63, 127, …, …
j) 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, …, …
k) 30, 61, 123, 247, …, …
P a g e 2 | Ms Amni
9. Write down the first five terms of each of these sequences.

First term Term-to-term rule Answer
a 1 Add 5
b 6 Add 8
c 20 Subtract 3
d 45 Subtract 7
e 6 Multiply by 2 and then subtract 3
f 60 Divide by 2 and then add 2
g 8 Multiply by 3 and then add 2
h 11 Add 7
i 13 Multiply by 3 and then subtract 2
j 2 Multiply by 5 and then subtract 3
10. Fill in the missing terms.

a) 2, 5, _________, 11, _________, 17, 20
b) 5, 11, 17, _______, ________, 35,
c) 26, 23, ________, __________, 14, _________, 8
d) 90, 82, ________, 66, ________, 50, _________
e) 8, _________, _________, 32, 40, _________,
f) _________, _________, 28, 23, ________, _________, 8
g) 9, 18, __________, 72, ________, __________
h) 4, 9, 19, _________, _________, __________
i) 172, 167, _______, 157, ________, __________
j) 4, ________, 36, 108, _________, 972
11. Write down whether each of these sequences is finite or infinite.

a) 4, 6, 8, 10, …
b) 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 1
c) 85, 75, 65, 55, 45, 35
d) 100, 97, 94, 91, 88, …
e) 7, 14, 21, 28, …
f) 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
g) 12, 24, 48, 96, …
h) 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, …
i) 100, 94, 88, 82
j) 5, 10, 15, 20, 25
P a g e 3 | Ms Amni
12. Shen and Zalika are looking at this number sequence:

4, 8, 20, 56, 164, …, …
Shen – I think the term-to-term rule is: ‘Multiply by 2.’
Zalika – I think the term-to-term rule is: ‘Add 4.’
Is either of them correct? Explain your answer.
13. Maisara and Laila are looking at this number sequence:

3, 10, 17, 24, 31, …, …
Maisara – I think the term-to-term rule is: ‘Add 8.’
Laila – I think the term-to-term rule is: ‘Add 7.’
14. Amni and Marissa are looking at this number sequence:

4, 8, 12, 16, 20, …, …
Amni – I think the term-to-term rule is: ‘Multiply by 2.’
Marissa – I think the term-to-term rule is: ‘Add 4.’
15. Peter and William are looking at this number sequence:

10, 15, 20, 25, 30, …, …
Peter – I think the term-to-term rule is: ‘Multiply by 5.’
William – I think the term-to-term rule is: ‘Multiply by 2.’
16. Suraya and Farah are looking at this number sequence:

9, 19, 28, 37, 46, …, …
Suraya – I think the term-to-term rule is: ‘Multiply by 2 then add 1.’
Farah – I think the term-to-term rule is: ‘Multiply by 2.’
P a g e 4 | Ms Amni
17. Ryker is trying to solve this problem.
The second term of a sequence is 13.

The term-to-term rule is: ‘Multiply by 2 then subtract 3.’
What is the first term of the sequence?
Work out the answer to the problem.

Explain how you solved it.
18. Haikal is trying to solve this problem.
The third term of a sequence is 48.

The term-to-term rule is: ‘Subtract 2 then multiply by 3.’

19. Maria is trying to solve this problem.
The second term of a sequence is 40.

The term-to-term rule is: ‘Subtract 3 then multiply by 5.’

20. Karina is trying to solve this problem.
The fourth term of a sequence is 87.

The term-to-term rule is: ‘Add 6.’

P a g e 5 | Ms Amni
2.2 GENERATING SEQUENCES (2)

Notes:
Here is a pattern of shapes made from dots.
The numbers of dots used to make each pattern form the sequence 3, 5, 7, 9, …, …
The term-to-term rule is ‘add 2.’
Exercises:
1. Here is a pattern of triangles made from matchsticks.
Pattern 1 Pattern 2 Pattern 3
a) Draw the next pattern in the sequence.
b) Write down the sequence of numbers of matchsticks.
c) Write down the term-to-term rule.
d) Explain how the sequence is formed.
e) Complete the table to show the number of matchsticks in each pattern.

Pattern number 1 2 3 4 5
Number of matchsticks
f) How many matchsticks will there be in:

i) Pattern 9
ii) Pattern 13
P a g e 6 | Ms Amni
2. This pattern is made from dots.
a) Draw the next two patterns in the sequence.
b) Write down the sequence of numbers of dots.
e) Complete the table to show the number of dots in each pattern.

Number of dots
f) How many dots will there be in:

i) Pattern 23
ii) Pattern 34
iii) Pattern 27
iv) Pattern 14
v) Pattern 15
3. This pattern is made from squares.
P a g e 7 | Ms Amni
b) Complete the table to show the number of squares in each pattern.

Number of squares 5 8 11
d) How many squares will there be in:

i) Pattern 8
ii) Pattern 10
iii) Pattern 24
iv) Pattern 30
v) Pattern 35
4. This pattern is made from blue triangles.

Number of triangles
d) How many triangles will there be in:

i) Pattern 10
ii) Pattern 15
iii) Pattern 18
iv) Pattern 21
v) Pattern 24
P a g e 8 | Ms Amni
5. Jacob is using dots to draw a sequence of patterns. He has spilled tomato sauce over the first and
third patterns in his sequence.
a) Draw the first and the third patterns of Jacob’s sequence.
b) Complete the table to show the number of dots in each pattern.

Number of dots
6. Harsha and Jake are looking at this sequence of patterns made from squares.
Harsha – I think there are 43 squares in Pattern 20 because, if I multiply the pattern number by 2
and add 3, I always get the number of squares. 20 × 2 + 3 = 43.
Jake – I think there are 22 squares in Pattern 20 because the pattern is going up by 2 each time,
and 20 + 2 = 22.
Who is correct? Explain your answer.
P a g e 9 | Ms Amni
7. This pattern is made from dots.

b) Write down the sequence of numbers of dots.

Number of dots
f) How many dots will there be in:

i) Pattern 22
ii) Pattern 30
iii) Pattern 8
iv) Pattern 11
v) Pattern 17
8. This pattern is made from squares.

P a g e 10 | Ms Amni
b) Write down the sequence of numbers of squares.

Number of squares
f) How many squares will there be in:

i) Pattern 13
ii) Pattern 9
iii) Pattern 12
iv) Pattern 23
v) Pattern 24
9. This pattern is made from green triangles.


Number of triangles
d) How many triangles will there be in:

i) Pattern 10
ii) Pattern 15
iii) Pattern 18
iv) Pattern 21
v) Pattern 24
10. Karina is using dots to draw a sequence of patterns. She has spilled ink over the third and fourth
patterns in her sequence.
Pattern 1 Pattern 2 Pattern 3 Pattern 4
a) Draw the third and the fourth patterns of Karina’s sequence.
b) Complete the table to show the number of dots in each pattern.

Number of dots
c) How many dots will there be in:

i) Pattern 7
ii) Pattern 12
iii) Pattern 15
iv) Pattern 23
v) Pattern 27
d) Write down the term-to-term rule.
2.3 REPRESENTING SIMPLE FUNCTIONS

Notes:
 A function is a relationship between two sets of numbers.
 A function can be shown as a function machine like this:
Input Output
2 5
4 +3 7
5 8
This function machine adds 3 to any number that goes into the machine.
 A function can also be shown as a mapping diagram like this:
Input 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Output 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
We say that 2 maps to 5, 4 maps to 7 and 5 maps to 8.
Exercises:
1. a) Find the missing inputs and outputs in this function machine.
Input Output
1 …
3 x2 …
… 10
b) Draw a mapping diagram to show the function in part a.
Input Output
3 …
5 +7 …
… 16
Input Output
7 …
… -5 4
11 …
Input Output
3 …
… ÷3 3
15 …
Input Output
2 …
4 x4 …
… 32
Input Output
… 7
3 +6 …
… 10
Input Output
5 …
… ÷5 6
… 7
Input Output
2 …
4 +8 …
6 …
Input Output
10 …
… - 3 5
… 3
Input Output
1 …
3 x5 …
… 20
Input Output
… 12
4 x4 …
… 20
12. Find the missing inputs and outputs in this function machine.
Input Output
2 5
5 x2 +1 …
… 9
Input Output
1 …
3 +7 x2 …
… 24
Input Output
4 …
6 ÷2 +5 …
10 …
Input Output
6 …
… -4 x3 12
… 24
Input Output
3 …
… x3 +2 23
… 29
Input Output
1 …
5 +5 x2 …
… 24
Input Output
… 15
6 ÷2 x3 …
… 24
Input Output
2 …
5 x6 +4 …
… 52
Input Output
2 …
8 x5 ÷2 …
… 25
Input Output
17 …
… -7 x3 63
… 69
22. Work out the rule to complete each of these function machines.
Input Output
5 10
6 … 11
7 12
Input Output
1 8
3 … 10
5 12
Input Output
56 7
40 … 5
16 2
Input Output
49 7
35 … 5
7 1
Input Output
15 5
14 … 4
13 3
Input Output
34 31
25 … 22
16 13
Input Output
1 7
3 … 21
6 42
Input Output
62 31
58 … 29
42 21
Input Output
4 12
6 … 18
10 30
Input Output
12 17
24 … 29
32 37
2.4 CONSTRUCTING EXPRESSIONS

Notes:
 In algebra you can use a letter to represent an unknown number.
Example: n + 3 = 7
You can see that the value of the letter n is 4 because: 4 + 3 = 7
So you can write: n = 4
 To solve problems you sometimes have to use a letter to represent an unknown number.
Example: There is a bag of pens. You don’t know how many pens there are in the bag. Let n
represent the unknown number of pens in the bag. Three pens are taken out of the bag. Now there
are n − 3 pens left in the bag. n − 3 is called an expression and the letter n is called the variable. An
expression can contain numbers and letters but not an equals sign.
Exercises:
1. Mathew is x years old. David is 4 years older than Mathew. Adam is 2 years younger than Mathew.
Kathryn is 3 times older than Mathew. Ella is half Mathew’s age. Write down an expression for each
of their ages.
2. Aminah has x sweets. Karina has 5 sweets more than Aminah. Jamilah has 2 times sweets than
Aminah. Write down an expression for each of their sweets.
3. Avani has a bag that contains n counters. Write an expression for the total number of counters she
has in the bag when:
a) she puts in 2 more
b) she takes 3 out.
4. The temperature on Tuesday was t °C. Write an expression for the temperature when it is:
a) 2 Celsius degrees higher than it was on Tuesday
b) twice as warm as it was on Tuesday.
5. Write an expression for the answer to each of these.

a) David has x DVDs. He buys 6 more. How many DVDs does he now have?
b) Molly is m years old and Barney is b years old. What is the total of their ages?
c) Ted can store g photographs on one memory card. How many photographs can he store on 3
memory cards of the same size?
6. Maliha thinks of a number, x. Write an expression for the number Maliha gets when she:
a) multiplies the number by 3
b) multiplies the number by 4 then adds 1
c) divides the number by 3 d divides the number by 2 then subtracts 9.
7. The cost of an adult’s ticket into a theme park is $a. The cost of a child’s ticket into the same theme
park is $c. Write an expression for the total cost for each group.
a) 1 adult and 1 child
b) 2 adults and 1 child
c) 4 adults and 5 children
8. Danish is m years old. His sister is 2 years younger than Mathew. His dad is 40 years older than
Danish. His mum is 13 years younger than his dad’s age. Write down an expression for each of their
ages.
9. Damia is n years old. Marissa is 8 years older than Damia. Julia is 3 years younger than Damia. Gina
is 5 times older than Damia. Laila is half Damia’s age. Write down an expression for each of their
ages.
10. Match each description to the correct expression.
Multiply n by 3 and subtract from 2 2 + 3n
Add 2 and n then multiply by 3 𝑛

2+
3
Multiply n by 3 and subtract 2 2 – 3n
Multiply n by 3 and add 2 3n – 2
Add 2 and n then divide by 3 3(n + 2)
Divide n by 3 and add 2 𝑛

2−
3
𝑛+2
3
Write a description for the expression that is left over.
2.5 DERIVING AND USING FORMULAE

Notes:
 A formula is a mathematical rule that shows the relationship between two quantities (variables).
 Formula using words: Area of rectangle = length × width
or using letters: A = l × w.
Then, substitute numbers into expressions and formulae.
When l = 5 cm and w = 4 cm
So, A = 5 × 4 = 20 cm2
Exercises:
1. Work out the value of each expression.
a) a + 3b when a = 2 and b = 4
b) a + 5 when a = 3
c) x − 9 when x = 20
d) f + g when f = 7 and g = 4
e) m − n when m = 100 and n = 25
f) 3k when k = 5
g) p + 2q when p = 5 and q = 3
y
h) when y = 32
4
i) c − 4d when c = 10 and d = 2
j) 2h + 3t when h = 8 and t = 5
w
k) + v when w = 16 and v = 9
2
30
l) – 2 when c = 6
c
x+y
m) when x = 19 and y = 11
2
2. a) Write a formula for the number of days in any number of weeks, in:
i) words
ii) letters
b) Use the formula in part a to work out the number of days in 8 weeks.
3. a) Write a formula for the number of minutes in any number of hours, in:
i) words
ii) letters
b) Use the formula in part a)ii to work out the number of minutes in 5 hours.

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CHAPTER 2 – SEQUENCES, EXPRESSIONS AND FORMULAE YEAR 7|MATHEMATICS A+

2.1 GENERATING SEQUENCES (1)

8. For each of these infinite sequences, write down:

e) 30, 28, 26, 24, …, …

f) 17, 14, 11, 8, …, …

g) 6, 13, 27, 55, 111, …, …

h) 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, …, …

i) 7, 15, 31, 63, 127, …, …

j) 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, …, …

k) 30, 61, 123, 247, …, …

9. Write down the first five terms of each of these sequences.

10. Fill in the missing terms.

11. Write down whether each of these sequences is finite or infinite.

12. Shen and Zalika are looking at this number sequence:

13. Maisara and Laila are looking at this number sequence:

14. Amni and Marissa are looking at this number sequence:

15. Peter and William are looking at this number sequence:

16. Suraya and Farah are looking at this number sequence:

17. Ryker is trying to solve this problem.

The second term of a sequence is 13.

Work out the answer to the problem.

18. Haikal is trying to solve this problem.

The third term of a sequence is 48.

Work out the answer to the problem.

19. Maria is trying to solve this problem.

The second term of a sequence is 40.

Work out the answer to the problem.

20. Karina is trying to solve this problem.

The fourth term of a sequence is 87.

Work out the answer to the problem.

2.2 GENERATING SEQUENCES (2)

The term-to-term rule is ‘add 2.’

a) Draw the next pattern in the sequence.

b) Write down the sequence of numbers of matchsticks.

c) Write down the term-to-term rule.

d) Explain how the sequence is formed.

e) Complete the table to show the number of matchsticks in each pattern.

f) How many matchsticks will there be in:

2. This pattern is made from dots.

a) Draw the next two patterns in the sequence.

b) Write down the sequence of numbers of dots.

c) Write down the term-to-term rule.

d) Explain how the sequence is formed.

e) Complete the table to show the number of dots in each pattern.

f) How many dots will there be in:

3. This pattern is made from squares.

a) Draw the next two patterns in the sequence.

b) Complete the table to show the number of squares in each pattern.

c) Write down the term-to-term rule.

d) How many squares will there be in:

4. This pattern is made from blue triangles.

a) Draw the next two patterns in the sequence.

b) Complete the table to show the number of squares in each pattern.

c) Write down the term-to-term rule.

d) How many triangles will there be in:

a) Draw the first and the third patterns of Jacob’s sequence.

b) Complete the table to show the number of dots in each pattern.

c) Write down the term-to-term rule.

7. This pattern is made from dots.

a) Draw the next two patterns in the sequence.

b) Write down the sequence of numbers of dots.

c) Write down the term-to-term rule.