Goals of Nursing &

Related Concepts

Prepared by:
 Ali Akbar
 Sajjad Haider
 Pomal Azam
 Zainab Amin
Objectives
1. Basic human needs
2. Basis of nursing practice
3. World Health Organization
4. Nursing and nursing practice
5. Goals of nursing process.
6. Historical perspective
7. Nursing Process
 Basic Human Needs
 Basic needs (BN) are minimal
list of elements that human
beings necessitate, in order to
fulfill basic requirements and
achieve a decent life.
 A basic needs approach
(BNA) to development is a
strategy according to which
development is defined by the
fulfillment of everyone’s basic
necessities.
 Basic Human Needs
 A basic human need is want of
something or requirement for
biological, social or spiritual
functioning experienced.
 Every individual either sick or
well desires the
companionship and
recognition of his family or
friends. The nurse should
always consider love &
belonging needs of patient .
 Basic Human Needs
Maslow's Hierarchy:
Maslow's hierarchy of
needs is a theory of
motivation which states that
five categories of human
needs dictate an individual's
behaviour. Those needs are
physiological, safety needs,
love and belonging needs,
esteem needs, and self-
actualization needs.
 Basis Of Nursing Practice
• Contemporary nursing practice includes
– Definitions of nursing
– Recipients of nursing
– Scope of nursing
– Settings for nursing practice
– Nurse practice acts
– Standards of clinical nursing practice.
 Basis Of Nursing Practice
Definition:
“Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of
health and abilities, preventions of illness and injury, alleviation of
suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response,
and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and
populations”
ANA:
ANA guides the profession on issues of nursing practice,
health policy, and social concerns that impact patient wellbeing.
Through our position statements, ANA amplifies the voice of
nurses, and educates both consumers and policymakers.
 Basis Of Nursing Practice
Themes:
These themes are common:
 Nursing is caring.
 Nursing is an art.
 Nursing is a science.
 Nursing is client centered.
 Nursing is holistic.
 Nursing is adaptive.
 Nursing is concerned with health promotion.
 Nursing is a helping profession.
 Basis Of Nursing Practice
Recipients Of Nursing

The Recipients of nursing are sometimes

called Consumers, Sometimes Patients, and
Sometimes Clients.
A patient is a person who is waiting for
or undergoing medical treatment and care.
The word patient comes from a Latin word
meaning "to suffer" or "to bear".
 Basis Of Nursing Practice
Recipients Of Nursing

 A consumer is an individual, a group of people, or a

community that uses a service. People who use health
care products or services are consumers of health care.
 A patient is a person who is waiting for or undergoing
medical treatment and care . The person receiving health
care has been called a patient.
 A client is a person who engages the advice or services
of another who is qualified to provide this service.
 Basis Of Nursing Practice
Scope Of Nursing

•Nurses provide care for three types of clients:

individuals, families, and communities.
Nursing practice involves four areas:
1. Preventing illness
2. Restoring health
3. Caring for the dying
4. Promoting health and wellness
 Scope of Nursing

Promotion of health and wellness:

– Wellness is a state of well-
being. It means engaging in
attitudes and behaviour that
enhance the quality of life and
maximize personal potential.
– Individual and community
activities to enhance health
lifestyles
 Scope of Nursing
Prevention of illness
•Immunizations
•Communication
•Vaccination
•Hygienic Measures
•Prenatal and infant
care
•Prevention of STIs
 Scope of Nursing
• Restoring Health
• Restoring health focuses on the ill
client, and it extends from early
detection of disease through helping
the client during the recovery period.
– Direct care to ill person
– Diagnostic assessment procedures
– Consulting health care professionals
– Teaching clients recovery activities
– Rehabilitating clients to optimal
functional level
 Scope of Nursing

CARING FOR THE DYING

•This area of nursing practice
involves comforting and
caring for people of all ages
who are dying.
•It includes helping clients live
as comfortably as possible until
death and helping support
persons cope with death.
 Settings for Nursing
• Acute care hospitals
• Client’s homes
• Community agencies
• Ambulatory clinics
• Long-term care facilities
• Health maintenance organizations
(HMOs)
• Nursing practice centers
 Nurse Practice Acts

Nurse practice acts, or legal acts

for professional nursing practice,
regulate the practice of nursing in
the United States with each state
having its own act.
Common purpose: to protect the
public. Nurses are responsible
for knowing their states nurse
practice act as it governs their
practice.
 Standards of Nursing Practice

Establishing and implementing

standards of practice are major
functions of a professional organization
The purpose of the ANA Standards of
Practice is to describe the
responsibilities for which nurses are
accountable.
The ANA Standards of Professional
Performance describe behaviors
expected in the professional nursing
role.
 World Health
Organization
•The World Health Organization is a
specialized agency of the United
Nations responsible for
international public health.
•Its main objective as "the attainment
by all peoples of the highest possible
level of health."
•Head: Tedros Adhanom
•Founded: April 7, 1948
•Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
 Nursing and Nursing Practice
Nursing Concept
Health as a fundamental nursing
concept involves both mental and
physiological well being, and it
changes over a patient life time.
Nursing practice
The scope of nursing practice is the
range of roles, function,
responsibilities and activities
which a registered nurse is
educated, competent and has
authority to perform.
 Goal Of Nursing Process
Nursing Process:
Nursing process is systematic ,
Rational method of planning and
providing nursing care.
Goals:
1. Identify a client’s health care
status, actual and potential health
problems
2. To established plans to meet the
identified
needs
3. To deliver specific nursing
interventions to address those
needs.
 Historical Perspective of the
Nursing Process
 Hall originated the term nursing process in 1955
 Johnson (1959), Orlando (1961), and
Wiedenbach (1963) were among the first to use it
to refer to a series of phases describing the
practice of nursing.
 Since then, various nurses have described the
process nursing and organized the phases in
different ways.
Any Question?