I

1.3 Cofactor
\. 111,h ltll (If ,1n Nt• ntC'.'01 ''• 0 I ., l l I,:" l<'mun.Hll.
A - (- o'. I /If"' Examination Qllesti
d<"tl\•IN h \ ,•t t\. 1, dt"Ont"d as .,
" hc-n.· \ f 1, it ntinu1 of an (•le-mC'n t ''r·
NOTE (,I KM f''S),..tnd1og - minors
till- d<'tl'm\lnanl, wt- rnn USI" 0 1 Mark Questions ()t)i

ABI. A=[~ -aj

.ind cl>f..Ktor, .,~
1. Find I if anq !I , [a !l
:.:· :: :::1-
l oJI Ov ol,
011 M u - o,, M ,1 + 0 u M,, All lndla 1019 0 11}
2 • Find the maximum vah1e of
1
1 1 1
and /;;, A 11 + 0 ,1 A,i + 0 u Au ·
{ol,
:; :::/ ... 0 11
0~ O x, 1 1 + sin8 1
(ti) ,, elements of a row (or column) are mu ltlplied with 1 1
1 + cos 8. Dtlhl
cofacto.-sof any other row (or column), then their sum .
rs zero X sine cose
3. If - sin8 -x 1
cos8 == 8, Write th
4 Singular and 1 X
e "ttl ~,
of x. Fortlan 201&
Non-singular Matrices 5

=[-
3
If the val ue of determinant corresponding to a
square matrix is zero, then matrix is sa!d to be 4. If A 4 : ~ ], then Write th,
a singular matrix, otherwise it is non-singular -4 -7 3 .
matrix. i.e. For a square matrix A, if /A/= Q.
then it is said ro be a singular matrix and if
cofactor of the element a 21 of its 2nd row
Foralan 2DUI '
/A/:,t: Q then i r is said to be a non-singular
matrix. 2
3
Theorems ~- If A = [l ] and B = [ l ], write the
3 -1 -1 1
1. If A and Bare non-singular matrices of the value ofl ABI. D1lhl 20111c
same order, then AB and BA are also
6. In the interval 1t I 2 < x < 1t, find the value
non-singular matrkes of the same order.
' The determinant of the product of matrices
is equal to product of their respective
of x for wh1c t e matrix. hh
1 2 sm x
. [2 sin x 3. I
determinants, i.e. /AB/=/ A// B /, where A is singular. All Ind la 20111c
and B are square ma trices of same order.
The area of a triangle whose vertices are
2 5 2
(x1 ,y,), (x2 ,y2 ) and (x3 , y 3 ) is given by 7. If/ ~ / = / 6 - , then write·the value
8 X 7 3 ·
xi 11 of x.
= 1 Yi Dalhl 2014
.1
I Xi

X3
Y2

Y3
l .
l
7
3 7
8. If/ -2x 4 / =/ 68 4'/ then find the value
Since, area is a positive quantity, so we always take
the absolute value of the determinant. of x. All lndla 2014

If area is given, then take both p9sitive and negative

values of the qeterminant for calculatloni 1
1
rhe area of the triangle formed by three collinear
Joints is zero.
'I
9. Write the value of the determma
p p+ 1
· nt

P- l P Delhi 2016
CHAPTER 4 : Determinants
45

1~.rr\ x
2
x+3 \-\ l cos 15° sin 15° I
. 2(x + 1) X+1 - 3
the value of x. Dalhl 2013C
: I•then find
I
21 • Evaluate sin 75° cos 75° · All India 20J1

tf~ 'tl-t·1 ,U •i""ll ·14

, , 11
22. u\x1 x \= \ 3
4
\ \hen write the positive
x - 3 x + 2 = 1 3 ,then write the
X 1 •i /, .
value of x. Foreign 2011; All India 2ooec
value of x. Delhl 2013
11. If A;i is t h e ~ r ofthe element aii of
· 23. What is the value of determinant
0 2 0
2 -3 5 2 3 4 ?
the determinant 6
1 5 -7
0 4 , then

write the value of <la2 . Asz. All India 2013

4 5 6
-
Deihl 201D

24. Find the minor of the element of second row

and third column (a 23 ) in the following
5 3 8
2 -3 5
13. If ii = 2 0 1 , write the cofactor of
determinant 6 0 4
1 2 3
I 1 5 -7 Delhi 2010
element <laz· Delhl 2012
1 2 3 25. What positive value of x makes following
pair of determinants .equal?
14. .If ii = 2 0 1 , wr1·te the minor
. of
.

311 16 312
5 3 8
element a 22 • Delhl 2D12 I 2x
5 x , 5 All India 2010

5 3 8
0 2 Marks Question
:1
15· If ii = 2 0 1 , then write the minor of
1 2 3 and I A l =125, then find the
3
26. If A= [;
the element a 23 . Deihl 2012
2x]
value of p. All India 2D19
16. For what value of x, A= [2(x: l) x-2
is a singular matrix? All India 2011c
0 Solutions
17. For what value of x, the ~atrix
4
1. Given, A=[~ -1] and B.= [3
2 0 ~]
[~: , :] is a singular matrix?
5
All lndla 2011C
Now,AB=[~ -~][~ ~]
18. For what value of x, the matrix
· [ x 2x 4].1s a singular matrix? .
[o+ o o+ o]=[o
?+ 0 o+ o o
.=
'
~]
+2 3 Delhi 2011C IABl=0 (1)
6 4
19. For .w hat value of x, matrix [ - x ] is 2. Let = 1 1+ sin8
3-x 1 · ,i

• a singular matrix? Deihl 2011c 1 1 1 + cos8

20. For what value of x, the matrix On expanding along first row i.e. Ri, we get
5 - x x + 1] is a singular? ,i = I11+'sine . 1 \-1\1 1 \+1\1 1+ sine\
[ 2 4 . 1 1+ cos8 1 1+ cos8 1 1 .
. Delhi 2011
 2 3
.Previous Years' 12. If A= [
· 5 -2
1
] be such that K =- kA, then

find the value of k CBSE 201ec, All lnd:o ~rm

Examination Questions
0 4 Marks Questions
0 1Mark Question~
1. Find adj (A), if A= [
2
-lJ· 13. If A= [
-2
=~ !],
2 1
then find (A' r
.
1
.

. 4 3 Delhi 2D20
Delhi 2015
2• For A = [ 3 -4], wnte
. A-1 .
l -l . . All lndla 202D 14. Find the adjoint of the matrix
1 2
3. If for any 2 x 2 square matrix A,
=!]
[s o] . A=[-2 ~ and hence sh ow that
A(adj A)= , then write th~ value 2 -2 1
0 8
'
ofl Al. All lndla 2017 A(adj A)= IAl / 3 • All lndla 2015

4. For what values of k, the system of linear

equations
15. If A= [
2
-1
-lJ2 and I is the identity
.
matrix
x+ y +z=2
2x+y-z=3 of order 2, then show that A 2 = 4A - 3l.
3x+ 2y+ kz= 4 Hence, find A-1 . Foreign 2015
has a unique solution? All lndla 2016

5. Find I adj Al, if A= [

5 2
]. .
16. If A= [
2 3
1 -4
], B= [
1
-
-1 3
2
J,
verify that -
7 3 Delhi 2D14C
(AB)-1 = Dn-lA-1 • All India 2D15C
6. If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that
Iadj Al= 64, then find IA J .
Delhi 2013C . ·0 6 Marks Questions
. · [2 -3 5]
2 5
7. Write K 1 for A= [ ].
. l 3 Delhi 2011 1
17. If A= 3 2 - 4 , then find K .
8. Write the adjoint of the following matrix. 1 1 -2

[2 -lJ
4 3 All lndla 2010
Using A- 1, solve the following system of
equations:
3 1 2x- 3y + 5z = 11
9. If A = [ ], then find I adj A I .
2 -3 Delhi 2D1DC 3x + 2y - 4z = - 5
10. Ifl Al= 2, where A is a 2 x 2 matrix, then , X + Y - 2z = - 3 All India 2020, CBSE 2018
find I adj A I. All India 2010c
18. $how that for the matrix A= [ _;] :
0 2 Marks Questions
. [-42 -3]·7
2 .:. 3
3 2
11. Given A= , compute A- 1and show A - 6A + 5A + 11/ = O.
. I
1
Hence, find A- 1 • All India 2019·
that 2K = 9l - A cesE 201B ·
 . ~se soived Poper> : r,!ATIIIMATICI
c1,~~terw1$e C

50

.[i '] . .4•1.

,,,v••p~4ij11 [~ J ~:Jn
tho system of eqt.UJt~~:,l'lS
20
l ..z
-s1J' .

1f, If A;:; ; l i ·fil'I~ · I e

to SO V ,e..-
, , lt' v, + flt~
" 1 •
l l
*~ system of fq\1at1o~p . - sz =d ·
, r l
0 t .
. Hence. s.oJve 2
~+ ~y t 41 = 8 and 3x ~ 2.Y +.4z;:: ·
.
and
·[l 1l] fil'l9
~i<y+7z==i1
p¥,1ry+z;:!'/~
25, lf A= r::: -::.: i],
O · 0 · l
find adj A and ,
20, If .4 = l .0 ; ir i . H~nce, soJve
1
verify that A (adj .4) ;:: (adj ;p A;; I Al /3 ·
3 1 l
we19n 2!!!! .
t~e ~r.~tem of eq\Jtiions x + y + z = 9, 26, A t~tal amount off 7000 is q~posited in
... iz = 7, 3~t y"' z;:; ii ~!,hi 22.!!. , different savings bank accoun·ts 1with
three .

A•[~ H}~• •IH !}

ann4al interest rates of 5%, 8% and 8 2%.
21- Giv,n respectively. The total anm.ial interest
· from these three accot.mts is f 550: Equal

s ·ioJ--.,. -
compute (ABf 1• CBSE 201BC amounts have been deposited in the 5%
2 1
1
22. If A.: 4 -6 5 _, find A: . 1:fsing-A· .
· a~d 8% savings accounts. Find the amount
;~posited in each gf the three. accounts,
.with tl'te help of matrices. Delhi 201,c
· 6 9 -20 . ·
1
solve the system ohquations
27, Using m_atrices, s;lve the following system
-of eq~atlons. ·
2 3 10 · x-y+2z-7
-+-+-=2; 3x + 4y ,.. 5z - - 5
X y Z
t I ao d 2x- Y + 3z - 12 Delhi 2012
4 5 .
-- .... +-:.5; 28, Using matrices, folv th f, . .
X J Z of linear equ~tiQns. e · e o~lowmg system

-
2+1- 20 =- 4 . x+y ·-z- 3 "
and Y, f Delhi 2017 . 2x+3y+z-10
i_
X
and 3i - _ 7 1 · ·
1.
.
23. Determi~e the product ?f _7 1
[-4 1 4]
3
29 U . . - All India 2012: Delhi 2009C
' sing matnces, solve th 10
1
c
of equ~tions. e. ~lowing system

:l =: -~1 ••• L::

si·~.i)"+ 1~ .. 4, ·
21- •y 3z __ 3
2 i .i
then use 1:.,,, .
1
~nd X + i t - ·3z :;; 8 All India 20

I
I
s_yi;tem of l'!q1.lfihoq~
i..,.1+z ;;; 4;
//1 ) '

·
30 rr .
• wsmJ m~trices, solve the foll·,..1 ,, .
f?f ~ql.!~~ion~- ·
~; • $)' + 3z - 5,
,.-
11,,
.12

owu~g
4,
·
system
-···
¥ - 2.l "' 2i :;::,_ 9,
and f~;. f • $pd.
~,.. ;y ,i. Z =- 4 . 8:JQ,:~ h,

Alf Indio 2011; Delhi 2012c ~nd 3x - Y 2z • 3 ,All India 2012

CHAPTER 4 : Determinants 51

31, If [-11 12 1,l

A= then find K 1 and hen~e 37. If A=[: -~ -:] ,then find K'.
1 -3 1
solve the system of equations Using K1, solve the following system of
X+ 2y+ Z= 4 equations
-x+y+z=0 2x-y+z=-3
and X - 3y + Z = 4. Delhl 2012C 3x-z=0
and 2x + 6y - z = 2 . All India 2011C
· [1 2 .:2. 3] . Hence,
32. Find K1, where A= 2 3
· 3 -3 -4
38.ff A=[~
2 · 0
=~ ~]• -3
then find K 1
and

solve the system ·of equations, hence solve the following system of
x+ 2y- 3z= - 4 equations
2x+3y+2z=2 x- 2y+z= 0, -y+z=-2
and 3x- 3y- 4z= 11. and 2x - 3z = 10. All India 2011c
All India 2012C, 2010, 2008

33. Using matrix method, solve the following

IfA=[~ -~ ~tndB=[-; =:],
system of equations
2
-+-+-=4
3 10
'
39.
0 -2 ~J ·-4 2 5
X y Z then find AB and hence solve system of
equations
i_i+~=l x- 2y= 10
X y Z
2x+y+3z=B
6 9 20 and -2y + z = 7. Delhi 2011C
and -+---=2,x,y,z-#0.

Delhi 2011
X y Z
3 -4 2] .
[
1
40. ~f A= , then find K and
34. Using matrices, solve the following system
of equations.
hence solve the following system of
4x + 3y + 2z = 60 equations.
x+ 2y + 3z = 45 3x - 4y + 2z = - 1
and 6x + 2y + 3z = 70 All India 2011 2x+ 3y + 5z = 7
35. Using matrices, solve the following system and x + z = 2 Delhi 2011 C
of equations,
x+ 2y + z = 7 -4 lj
0
_
6 , then find K 1 and ·
x + 3z = 11 and 2x - 3y = 1
1 6 . ·
All India 2011; Delhi 2DDBC
36. Using matric!ls, solve the following system hence solve the following system of
of equations:'... equations.
X'+ 2y- 3z=-4 Bx- 4y + z = 5
10x+6z=4
2x+ 3y+ 2z = 2 5
and 3x - 3y - 4z = 11 and Bx + y + 6z = -
All India 2011, 2008
2 All India 2010C
 52 0 Chopterwise CBSE Solved Papers . ,.,
. /\l~t~
I~

A-[~ -4] IAI IAl 2-I = 64

-1 2

IAI= ± 8 1·.- 1adj 'I

42. IT 3 2 -4, IA12 = 64 =}
1 -1 5
4. Given, system of linear equations i
x+y+z=2 s
then find AB. Use this to solve the system 2x+Y-Z=3
of equations 3x + 2y + kz = 4-
x-y=3 It can be written in matrix form as

i ~f {}"'••;
2x + 3y + 4z = 17 AX=B
and y + 2z = 7. All India 2010C

where.A-[:
43. ITA-[~ -~ Jh,nfindK'-Henoe. The condition for the system of linear e .
has a unique solution, is · quau~
solve the following system of equations I A , .. o
3x+ 2y+z= 6 -
l l
4x-y+2z=5
and 7x + 3y - 3z = 7. Delhi 2010c 2 -I ,oQ
3 2 k

0 Solutions l(k+2)-1(2k+3)+1(4-3),oQ
k+ 2-2k-3+l,oO=l - k
1. We have, A=[: ~l] k,oo
·Hence, for a unique solution k should bea
non-zero real number.
Cofactor.of A are A 11 = 3, A12 = - 4
A21 = l, A 22 = 2 5. Given, A=[~ :]
adj (A) = [A
A12
11
A21 ] = [ 3
A22 --4 l]
2 (1) Clearly, IAI = I~ !I= 15-14 = l

2. Given A = [
l
3
--4], then
-1
We know that, if A is-a non-singular matrix of
order n, then !adj (A) I= IA In ~i,
3
:. ladj(A) I= IAl 2 - 1
!adj (A) I= (1) 2- 1 =I
IAl=/
l -11
-4j=-3+4=l,oO
- 6. We know that, for a square matrix of otrleU
So, A is not singular matrix and A- 1- exists. No~. ladj(A) I= IAln-1
cofactors of each element of A are
Here, the order of A is 3 x 3, therefor-· '=3
Au =-l,A12 =-(l)=-l
A 21 =-(-4j = 4, A 22 = 3 Now, !adj (A) I =IAl 3 - 1 = IAl 2 · "
2 (8)2 :cjil1
Given,jadj(A)l=64 64=IAI t]I
Now, adj A =r-l 4 ]
=?
-1 3 IAI= ± 8 [taking square roo

r-l 4]
=}

A-1 =__..!__adj (A)= ![-1

IAI l -l
4]3 = -l 3
7. We have,
.
A =[
2
l
5
3
]

3. Given, A(adjA) = [~ ~] Clearly, adj A = [ 3 - 5 l

· -1 2J

/A(adjA) /=I~ I and IAI=/:. :1= 6- 5=1

/A//adj(A)/= 64-0 (1/2J ·
1
A- =~adj (A) .=
[ l3 _25]
. IAI -