MACHINE BUILDING

BASICS OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEM

11.11.2022
 Contents

• Basic difference between Hydraulic and Pneumatic System.

• Introduction to pneumatics.
• Pressure and its units
• Basic Pneumatic system
• FRL unit, Dryer unit
• Lubrication unit
• Control Valve Symbols
• Pneumatic Actuators and cylinders
 Difference Between Hydraulic and Pneumatic System

Hydraulic System Pneumatic System

• A hydraulic system is a closed loop system. • It is an open loop system
• It is robust in construction and maintenance • It is simple in construction and maintenance
cost is high. cost is low.
• The working fluid is hydraulic oil. • The working fluid is air.
• As oil is incompressible it can be pressurised • Air is compressible and hence air can be
to high pressure. pressurised to lesser pressure.
• The accuracy of the system is very high. • Accuracy of the system is not very high.
• Hydraulic oil is flammable. • Air is inflammable.
• Power to size ratio is more. • Power to size ratio is small.
• System is very bulky in size. • Pneumatic system is less bulky as compared
to Hydraulic system.
 Introduction:

• The term pneumatics is derived from the Greek word Pneuma ,meaning wind or breath.
• Pneumatic power is the power that is transmitted by pressurized or compressed air.

Why do we use air as a working fluid ?

--Easy availablility and cheaper.

Properties of Compressed Air

1. Easily stored in large volumes.
2. Simplicity in design and control
3. Provides linear and rotary movement
4. Installation
5. Components have long working life resulting in longer system reliability
6. Pneumatic actuators in a system do not produce heat (except for friction)
 Pressure and its units

• A Pneumatic System usually operates at 4-8 Bar .

Basic Pneumatic System.
 FRL UNIT
• Filter+Regulator+Lubricator
1. Filter:-It removes all contaminants from the compressed air flowing through it as well as
water which has already condensed.

2. Regulator:-The purpose of the regulator is to keep the operating pressure of the system
virtually constant regardless of fluctuations in the line pressure and the air consumption. •
High pressure of incoming air is to be reduced.

3. Lubricator:-The purpose of the lubricator is to deliver a metered quantity of oil mist into the
air distribution system when necessary for the operation of the pneumatic system

.
Filter Regulator +Mist separator.

• Mist separator :-It can separate and remove oil mist in compressed air,
which is difficult to remove by ordinary air filters and removes solid
particle as well.
 Air filter and Dryer units

Air Filter Mist Separator Micro Mist Separator DRYER UNIT

Air Filtration+Lubrication system

Air filtration unit

Mist lubrication system

Control Valves Symbols
How to check:
Direction control valves

3/2 SOLENOID VALVE

5/2 SOLENOID VALVE

 Pneumatic Actuators

An Actuator is a device that makes something move or operate.

Pneumatic Actuator is a device that converts energy typically in the form of compressed air into
mechanical motion.

Types:-

• Spring/diaphragm type
• Piston type and
• Rotary vane Type
 Some Basic Cylinders
Compact cylinders Round cylinders Double rod cylinders

Some Basic Pneumatic cylinders

Guide Rod cylinders Rodless cylinders

 Basic Nomenclature of a cylinder

Nomenclature
 From: Rohit Sharma

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