History summery RUSSIA

1. Industralization led to an grow in population in industrial cities, living conditions for

peasents didn´t improve
2. Becase of industralization, middle class expanded with the capitalists (landowners,
industrialists, traders, businessmans).

GOVERMENT (1896-1905) FULLY AUTOCRATIC

 Nicholas was obsessed with autocracy

 Had control over newspapers
 He avoided making improtants decisions
 He felt threaten by more talented ministers, so he dismiss them
 He created a rivality among ministers, this would cause chaos
 He appointed family and friends to important positions, they weren´t prepared.

ARMY (1896-1905) CRUCIAL FOR THE TSAR REGIME

 A secret police force (Okhrana) was very effective dealing with political parties
 States had governors
 Countryside was controlled by village comunes
 Towns had zemstva (which were elected by people); this did huge improvements and
peasents wanted a national zemstvo

OPPOSITION AGAINST TSAR (1896-1917) GROUPS WITH DIFFERENT IDEOLOGIES

LIBERALS: wanted more democracy; pacific.

SOCIAL REVOLUTIONARIES: take aristocracy advantages and give them to the workers; violent.
SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY: follow the ideas of Karl Marx, communists; violent.

3. In 1900, Russia had an economic depression. Wages fell, factories closed, and people
were left without job. Increasing discontent and strikes between workers.
4. One year later, in 1901, por harvests led to hunger and peasent revolt, this was
managed though out control and supression.
5. At last, in 1905, 200.000 protestants came to the Winter Palace to ask the Tsar for
help. They came fully respectfull but, as Nicholas leave the Winter Palace and the sign
of trouble, they where met by an army of souldiers and Cossacks who start attacking
without a doubt.

THE BLOODY SUNDAY (January of 1905) THE SPARK OF REVOLUTION

 Riots and violence emerge with fury in all cities

 Almoust every group join the workers demandig for change, however as their interests
were different, they didn´t get to unite in a single strike force
 Peasents attacked landlords
 The sailors of Battle Ship Potemkin mutinied, this theaten the Tsar because he couldn´t
lose the loyalty to the army.
 6. In September of 1905, the Tsar had to issue the October Manifesto. This divided the
Tsar´s opponents and ended up diminishing the power of the striking group.

THE OCTOBER MANIFESTO (1905) THE KEY TO END UP 1905 REVOLUTION

The Octobeeer Manifesto offer the people:

 Elected parliament called the Duma

 The right to freespeech
 The right to form political parties

7. The goverment moved to restore the order.

HOW DID THEY DID IT?

They made peace with Japan and brought back the trops (which now had better payment and
conditions to ensure their loyalty) to supress the revolutionaries forces. The army ended up
crushing peasents and nationalists, destroying any hope for revolution.

SO, HOW DID THE DUMA DO? (1905-1917) SPOILER, NOTHING AT ALL

Reforms where needed and this was clear to rhe Tsar, that is why the Duma was hopefull to
give Russia a new prosperous way. The Tsar continued rulling in the same autocratic way that
caused the revolution while the Duma was dismiss in les tan a year due to the fact they were
“to critical” to Nicholas. The second elected Duma lasted almoust the same as the first one and
for the following Duma´s, the Tsar changed the voting rules so that he´s opponents weren´t
elected.

A FEW NEW CHARACTERS WERE INTRODUCE AFTER 1905 IN RUSSIA HISTORY:

STOLYPIN: He approach Russia´s problems withe two different tactics, brutal force and letting
kulaks (wealthy peasents) buy land.

 He use control and supression tactics along with brutal force to kill opposition.
 He tried to win over peasents letting kulaks buy land, even though most peasents lived
in appaling conditions.

Nevertheless, he boosted Russia´s industry and this allowed a impressive economical growth
(but it cannot be compare to the ones Germany, USA, and Britain had).

This economic boom didn´t change a thing, most of the many was going to the capitalists, or
paying back the loans Russia took from France. Industrial workers still lived in appaling
conditions.

8. Stompkin was assasinated in 1911, but the Tsar was about to dismiss him anyway
because he was bringing to much change to his traditionalist Russia.
9. Discontent among industrial workers continue to grow and with it, strikes.
10. Tsar supporters start to lost faith in him while indutrialists were concern abaut the
Tsar´s decisión of choosing incompetent ministers.
 11. The First World War started and the patriotism among people made the strikes
disapear for a short periodo of time. Nicholas rapidly started to loose the support of
the key sectors in Russia.

THE MILITARY FAILURES OF THE WAR (1914-1917) T

The army was poorly trained and equiped, treated worst by their aristocratic officers, they
where short in ammunition, and with Little to no help from their home´s industry. This
obiously led to a slaughter against Germany.

12. The Tsar decided to take personal command of the army. This make Little change in
the development of the war, but people could now blame directly to the Tsar the
country´s losses.

PEASENTS AND WORKERS (1914-1917)

As the mayority of the consctripts were peasents, many kids and widows were left alone with
pensions which they didn´t always recive.

13. Because of the war and the por management of the supplies, shortages of food and
fuel make the prices of everything exponentially increase (hyperinflation). This didn´t
meant there wasn´t food or fuel, the rail network couldn´t fullfill all the needs of the
industry, army and the population.

THE MIDDLE CLASSES (1914-1917)

14. The middle classes had the urge to create their own organizations to help what the
useless goverment didn´t, the soldiers. Their were far more efficient but they couldn´t
get help ftom the Tsar as he kept on dismissing the Duma.

THE ARISTOCRACY (1914-1917)

 Due to the war, many aristocratic commanders die and this threaten the aristroctats
 Aristocrats were left without working force as many were call as conscripts
 They hated seing Rasputin and the germanic wife of the Tsar leading a country
(rumours about both havinf a affair)

THE MUTINY OF THE ARMY (1917)

15. In 1917, many of the soldiers join the strikes as they had more in common with the
workers tan with the already dead officers. It was on March 12th that, as the revolts
kept on growing, the Tsar demanded the to stop the strikes by force. The army
refused. This is the decisive moment in which Nicholas has nothing to depend on.

16. The soldiers marched along the workers demanding that the Duma had to take over
the goverment. On march 15th Nicholas was abdicating and brother Michael had to
take his place. He refuse, ending up the Tsar´s legacy.