Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

This chapter will discuss about the research methods that will be implemented more
clearly in the process of data collection to achieve research objectives and goals. Research
methodology is a process of methods carried out based on the research stage to obtain data
and processing methods data to achieve the objectives set in the research. Among the aspects
that should be taken into account in the research methodology are the method and research
design, research instruments, research respondents and methods in analysing data. In order to
achieve the objectives of this research, five the research stages are required to serve as a
guide of this study

3.2 Research Design

The research method is a method used to gather and acquire research-related data. To
collect research data, there are two widely used research techniques which are qualitative
method and quantitative method.
Qualitative research involves the use of qualitative data such as interviews, documents
used throughout the process and data obtained throughout making observations to understand
and explain social phenomena. Qualitative methods of analysis are used to help researchers
understand the social and cultural environment of the study. Meanwhile quantitative method
is used to research phenomena in the field of science. For instance, observational procedures,
tests or experimental experiments, and research involving numbers and mathematics include
in quantitative method. The experiments carried out are based on a variety of samples chosen
as the experimental material to be used. The study results will be shown in the form of a
figure or statistics.

3.3 Data Collection

Next is collection of the data. In collecting data, there are numerous ways. Besides, all
data also will be gathered and arrange after it collected from the literature review. Therefore
the analysis stage will be carried out more effectively and efficiently.

3.3.1 Types of Data

Data obtained from first-hand knowledge is known as primary data. Primary

knowledge has not yet been released and is more accurate, genuine and impartial. Human
beings have not modified or altered primary data; thus, their validity is greater than that
of secondary data. It is important to gather information from primary sources and to
focus on primary data in statistical surveys. Primary data sources are narrow and often it
becomes difficult to obtaining primary source data due to either population shortages or
lack of cooperation (Ajayi and Victor 2017).
 Meanwhile secondary data is obtained from a source that has already been released in
some form is referred to as secondary information. In any study, the analysis of literature
is focused on secondary data. It is obtained for some other reason by someone else (but
being utilised by the investigator for another purpose). Secondary data is important, as a
new survey that can accurately capture past improvements and/or trends cannot be
performed(Kabir and Mohamad 2016).
There are several variations that are addressed in this work between primary and
secondary data. The most notable distinction, however, is that primary data is factual and
original, while secondary data is just primary data analysis and interpretation. Although
primary data is gathered in order to solve the issue at hand, secondary data is gathered
for other purposes. The main distinctions between primary and secondary data are; the
phrase primary data refers to the data generated for the first time by the researcher,
whereas secondary data refers to existing data obtained earlier by the investigative
agencies and organisations. Primary data is data in real time, while secondary data is one
that belongs to the past. To fix the issue at hand, primary data is collected, while
secondary data is collected for reasons other than the issue at hand. A highly involved
method is primary data collection. On the other hand, the method of secondary data
collection is fast and simple. Primary data include personal interview, experiments,
surveys, observations and questionnaire while secondary data collection sources are
websites, journal articles, books, government publications, websites, books, journal
articles and internal records. For this research, primary data has been chosen which is
through questionnaire and survey.

3.4 Data Analysis

In this stage, all the data that already been compiled will be analysed by using SPSS
Software. There are various method of analysis in SPSS Software. In the social sciences,
SPSS helped revolutionise research methods. It allowed researchers to perform complex
statistical analyses on large datasets on their own as a convenient and detailed statistics
software, instead of relying on statisticians who knew how to operate user-unfriendly
programmes on mainframe computers(Frey 2017). With several textbooks available, SPSS is
well known. A point-and-click interface can monitor most of the program's capabilities,
although some are reachable only via command syntax. SPSS is widely used in academic and
applied research as a comparatively easy-to-handle statistics programme that provides
commonly used procedures. IBM SPSS Statistics consists of the "Statistics Base" at least.
The module includes basic data preparation, processing, management and mapping abilities,
and also descriptive and inferential procedures including t-tests, ANOVA, linear and ordinal
regression, analysis of contingency and correlation, factor, cluster and discriminant analysis,
and non-parametric tests.

3.5 Conclusion

In conclusion, chapter 3 describes briefly about how the research will be conducted.
The detail discussion on the research methodology will be highlighted.
References
Ajayi and Victor (2017). "Primary Sources of Data and Secondary Sources of Data."

Frey, F. (2017). SPSS (Software). The International Encyclopedia of Communication Research

Methods: 1-2.

Kabir and S. Mohamad (2016). "Methods of Data Collection."