Alyssar Ghandour, 202202661

Dr Deema Dakakni
Fall
Eng 102, Section 18
Matrix

Claim: There are a myriad ethical challenges (dilemmas) in various professions.

What are the various ethical dilemmas in various professions?

Articles (Morgan et al, (Vaidya and (Chu et al, (Gascoyne et al,

Ideas 2020) Bobdey, 2020) 2020) 2021)

Ethics and Interrogation An army

Military techniques may paramedic

have terrible could work

consequences both as a

on the military

psychology and personnel and a

physiology of physicians.

the integrator This leads to

and the person double

being integrated standards when

due to the performing his

extreme amount or her job

of stress which because they

both parties are need to follow

exposed to two conflicting

which can sets of ethics

make the which cause

practice an them to

unethical one experience dual

(Morgan et al., loyalty towards

2020). their country

and towards

Some scholars their

argue that profession.

interrogation

can be seen as As soldiers

an ethical army
Morgan et al (2020):

Strength:

- The article revolves around a quantitative study which aids in its generalizability.

In other words, the article’s number of participants who participated in the US

military training was 112 (N>100). Therefore, the objectivity of quantitative data

is one of its main advantages. Big Sample size aids in removing biases from the

study and improve the reliability of the results.

Weakness:

- The sample size comprises only military personnel (aged 24) even though the

article has many personnel. Also the participants are limited only to men. This

gender flaw may convey that information gathered is not accurate, which can be

challenging. Hence, the situation is biased.

Vaidya and Bobdey, (2020):

Strengths:

- The article includes laws; Humanitarian Laws, Geneva Convention Law, and

Waging Laws. The availability of these laws enumerates credibility as the author

referred to legal sources to support his or her claim. This attracts the reader as it
 makes him or her trust the information that was under proper and legal research

(reliable). Moreover, the study cites multiple scholars which shows that it is

extensively researched and thoroughly explained in a manner that significantly

contributes to the existing literature.

- Comprehensive Literature review that covers multiple aspects of the issue.

- Extensive contexts that cover multiple countries such as Italy, US, and Iraq

among others.

Weaknesses:

- The article lacks counter arguments which shows bias due to the lack of solid

arguments. For example, it could be argued that enemy forces cannot be trusted

and thus cannot be treated in any way. In addition, the study is limited in context

to the US, and it does not encompass any participants or statistical methods or

analysis which affects its generalizability. In other words, it is a qualitative

research.

- The article lacks a survey or an experiment which means that the study did not

even have participants. Experimental research is especially vital in such research

to collect the information required to aid in better and more reliable claims.

Hence, the lack of an experiment reduces the article’s credibility and reliability.

(Chu et al, 2020):

Strength:
 - The articles includes multiple philosophical perspectives such as Kantian,

Utilitarian, and the double effect perspectives. These different philosophies add

credibility as it depicts reliable knowledge about the obtained research. Also, with

distinct perspectives, the article limits its bias and is more prone and open to

arguments.

Weakness:

- The article disregards other important philosophes such as Virtue Ethics, Moral

Rights Theory, and Social Contract among many others.

(Gascoyne et al, 2021):

Strengths:

- The article utilizes a substantial variety of references which shows that it is

extensively researched and thoroughly explained in a manner that significantly

contributes to the existing literature. Hence, this enhances its credibility

- The article has statistical significance because N is greater than a 100 which

means the statistics are reliable.

Weaknesses:

- The article lacks a counterargument. For instance, it can be argued that some

individual’s personality make-up makes them resilient to unhealthy food and

drink advertisements.
 - The text tackles advertisement about unhealthy foods but did not mention

advertisements about healthy foods on social media. Therefore, being exposed to

healthy advertisement is a counterargument.

References 

Chu, Q., Correa, R., Henry, T. L., McGregor, K. A., Stoklosa, H., Robinson, L., Jha, S.,
Annamalai, A., Hsu, B. S., Gupta, R., Patton, D. U., Moreno-Walton, L. A., Butts,
C., Chai, C., & Kuy, S. R. (2020). Reallocating ventilators during the coronavirus
disease 2019 pandemic: Is it ethical? Surgery,168(3), 388–391.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2020.04.044  
Gascoyne, C., Scully, M., Wakefield, M., & Morley, B. (2021). Food and drink
marketing on social media and dietary intake in Australian adolescents: Findings
from a cross-sectional survey. Appetite, 166,
105-431.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S019566632100338X  
Morgan, C. A., Dule, J., & Rabinowitz, Y. G. (2020). The impact of interrogation stress
on compliance and suggestibility in U.S. military special operations personnel.
Ethics, Medicine and Public Health, (14), 100-499.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352552520300372  
Vaidya, R., & Bobdey, S. (2021). Medical ethics during armed conflicts: Dilemmas of a
physician soldier. Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 77(4), 377-381.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377123721002379