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8. Make Sense and Persevere  Two quantities of Use technology to perform a linear regression to
a data set have a strong positive correlation. determine the equation for the line of best fit for
Can the line of best fit for the data set have a the data. Estimate the value of y when ​x = 19​. 
correlation coefficient of 0.25? Explain. SEE EXAMPLES 1 AND 4

14. 15.
9. Error Analysis  Describe and correct the x y x y
error a student made in determining the
12 35 16 105
equation for the line of best fit for the
data in the table. 14 39 20 83
16 41 24 62
x 3 6 9 12 15 18 21
18 44 28 34
y 4 17 28 40 55 67 72
20 48 32 15

Describe the type of correlation indicated by each

Enter y data in L1 and x data in
L2. Then perform a linear
regression.
✗ correlation coefficient.  SEE EXAMPLE 2
16. r = −0.89 17. r = 0.94
Line of best fit: y = 0.25x + 1.83
18. r = 0.23 19. r = −0.19

Make a residual plot for each linear model and the

10. Higher Order Thinking  Which is likely to data set it represents. How well does each model
be more accurate: an estimate through fit its data set?  SEE EXAMPLE 3
interpolation or a prediction through 20. ​y = 0.14x + 12.8​ 21. ​y = −0.58x + 25.2​
extrapolation? Explain.
x y x y
11. Generalize  Describe how the values of a and
b in a linear model are related to the data 10 12 10 19
being modeled. 15 16 15 17
12. Look for Relationships  How can you use 20 18 20 14
the graph of the line of best fit to make 25 17 25 10
predictions about future behaviors of the 30 15 30 8
quantities of the data set?

13. Construct Arguments  Arthur and Tavon
each calculated lines of best fit for their last
five math tests. Based on the residual plots,
Arthur states that his scores are more closely
aligned to a linear model than Tavon’s scores.
Make a mathematical argument to support or
refute Arthur’s claim.
y y
6 6
4 4
2 2
x x
O 2 4 O
−2 −2
Construct an argument for each scenario given. 
SEE EXAMPLE 5
22. The average monthly heating bills for houses in
a neighborhood are positively correlated to the
number of pets in the house. Can it be inferred
that the number of pets in a household causes
an increase in average monthly heating bills?
Explain.
23. A person’s level of education is positively
correlated to the salary the person earns. Can
it be inferred that a person with a doctorate
degree will always earn more than a person
with a bachelor’s degree? Explain.
2 4

Arthur’s Residual Plot Tavon’s Residual Plot

LESSON 3-6  Analyzing Lines of Fit  133
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24. Make Sense and Persevere  Temperatures at 27. Characterize the relationship of the two
different times of day are shown. How can you variables of different data sets represented
describe the relationship between temperature by the correlation coefficients shown.
and time? Would a linear model be a good fit a. ​r = −0.91​ c. ​r = 0.87​
for the data? Explain.
b. ​r = 0.54​ d. ​r = 0.07​
12 P.M., 76 °F 28. SAT/ACT  Students who eat breakfast are
more likely to do well in school. Which of the
8 A.M., 69 °F 4 P.M., 79 °F
following can be inferred from this relationship?
Ⓐ The two events are causally related.
4 A.M., 66 °F 8 P.M., 72 °F Ⓑ The more often a student eats breakfast, the
better the student will do in school.
12 A.M., 67 °F 12 A.M., 67 °F
Ⓒ Without more evidence, it cannot be
   determined whether the correlation
is causal.
25. Model With Mathematics  The table shows the
number of miles people in the U.S. traveled by Ⓓ Providing free breakfast to all students will
close the achievement gap.
car annually from 1975 to 2015. The equation
for the line of best fit is y = 0.048x + 1.345, 29. Performance Task  Use the table to answer
where x is the number of years since 1975. the questions.
What does the slope represent? Estimate the
number of miles people in the U.S. traveled in
2007. What is a reasonable prediction for the
number of miles people in the U.S. will travel
in 2022?
Daily
Vehicle-Miles Traveled Year Newspapers
Year in U.S. (in trillions) in U.S.
1940 1,878
1975 1.298
1950 1,772
1980 1.529 1960 1,763
1985 1.720 1970 1,748
1980 1,745
1990 2.118
1990 1,611
1995 2.387 2000 1,480
2000 2.697 2010 1,382
2005 2.973
2010 2.945
2015 3.055 Part A  Use technology to determine the
equation for the line of best fit and the
26. Make Sense and Persevere  The table shows
correlation coefficient for the data from 1940
the file size y in megabytes of photos taken
through 1980.
at different resolutions x in megapixels. The
equation for the line of best fit is y = 0.3x. Part B  Find the line of best fit and the
Use this equation to create a residual plot. correlation coefficient for the data from
What does the residual plot tell you about 1940 through 2010.
the data?
Part C  Compare the correlation coefficients of
x 4 5 6 7 8 10 12 the two data sets. What do they indicate?
y 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 3.0 3.6

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