LEVEL TRANSMITTER

MODUL PRAKTIKUM

1. Basics of DP Level Measurement

Level the parameters that exist in virtually every industrial process,
there are many ways to measure the level, the simplest is to use the
sight glass. By using a sight glass, the height of liquid in a vessel /
vessel will be physically visible, so as to make the scale on sight glass,
we can immediately determine what percentage of the liquid surface
height of a tall vessel / tank / vessel.

GAMBAR 1

In the picture, a tank connected by a transparent hose using a scale of

0-100% of the total height of the tank. This level measurement
principle utilizing the properties of the liquid will fill all the space that
he passed on the associated vessel.

Height of liquid in the tank will be the same as the height of a liquid
residing on a transparent hose that serves as a sight glass. We can

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directly determine height (level) of liquid inside the tank by looking at
the height of a liquid residing on a transparent hose (sight glass) is.

However, this information can only be served directly in the field, or

directly see where the transparent hose attached. Level measurement
method is relatively inexpensive.

1.1 Pressure Hydro static

Any liquid that occupies a vessel / vessel / tank, will have a hydrostatic
pressure in proportion to the level of the liquid, with assume densities
(sg = specific gravity) of his remains.

GAMBAR 2

The picture above is an open tank (surface connected to the

atmosphere), where there will be work pressure P1 at atmospheric
pressure, which then will we ignore because we will measure pressure
“gauge”.

Assume melting substance is water, with a density of ρ = 1000 kg /

m³. With the height of the surface from the bottom of the tank where
pressure measurement is 10 meters. Then the P2 pressure acting on
the pressure gauge is:

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ρ = density of water = 1000 kg / m³
g = gravity = 9.8 m / s²

h = height of base water tank = 10 m

P2 = ρ × g × h

P2 = 1000 kg / m³ × 9.8 m / s² × 10 m
P2 = 98000 kg / m³ × m / s² × m
P2 = 98000 kgmm / m³s²
P2 = 98000 kgm / s²m²
P2 = 98000 N/m2

P2 = 98000 Pascal
P2 = 98 kilopascals = 14.2136983 PSI = 0.9993218887 kg / cm²
1 kilopascals = 0.1450377377 PSI (pounds per square inch)
1 kilopascals = 0.01019716213 kg / cm²

Consider the following table:

Tabel 1

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 GAMBAR 3

From the table and from the graph, we can see that the level (h) is
proportional to the pressure (P), so by measuring the pressure at the
point of the tank bottom, we can know the level of water in the
tank. For example: Results pressure on the bottom of the tank, we get
4.2641 PSI, then by reversing the above calculation, we would get a
level of 3 meters.

1.2 How to present levels in the DCS, PLC or

Controller?

Pressure gauge is installed at the bottom of the tank before, can be

replaced by using a pressure transmitter calibrated measuring ranges
(range) input 0 to 14.2137 PSI, let me easily (not recommended in
practice), we round it off to 14PSI, and output , for example, 4-20 mA
(milli-amperes).

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 GAMBAR 4
4-20 mA signal that represents the input signal from the pressure
transmitter in this instance 0-14 PSI calibrated transmitter for 4-20mA
output, transmitted to a receiver that can be either DCS, PLC or
controller, which is connected with the station that serves as MMI
(Man -Machine Interface) or HMI (Human-Machine Interfacer), the
DCS, PLC or controller, the 4-20mA signal on-scaling longer a form of
engineering units (meters) so that the variation of 0-10 meter level in
the tank, can be displayed 0 -10 meter (engineering unit) on the HMI /
MMI.

So that the overall representation of the signal to be:

1. 0-10 meter level in the tank

2. 0-14 PSI hydrostatic pressure on the input Trasmitter
3. 4-20mA input signal transmission in the DCS, PLC, controller
4. in DCS, PLC, controller-scaling into engineering units back (0-10
meters), with no attention to the process of analog to digital
conversion
5. The display on the MMI / HMI in the form Engineering Unit
(meters)

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 1.3 Determine Range Differential Pressure
Transmitter To Measure Level
The level measurement can be done by utilizing the hydrostatic
pressure of the liquid inside the tank to be measured its level.

To measure the hydrostatic pressure caused by the liquid level in a

tank, can be used a differential pressure transmitter with a measuring
range (range) the corresponding input.

Consider the example in the image below:

GAMBAR 5

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A vessel with a working pressure P1 = 200 PSI, has a measuring range
for liquid high as 150 inches (3.81 meters). The question is, what is the
input range for the level transmitter (differential pressure transmitter)
which will be used?

Before continuing, we know that on both sides (H and L) Differential

pressure transmitter works work pressure vessel of the same (200psi),
if dp = H – L = (P1 + P hydrostatic) – P1 = Phydrostatic, then pressure work on the
DP transmitter is P hydro static only. To that end, the next calculation,
only P hydro static are included in the count.

If the liquid to be measured its level is water, it is easy once we

determine the level transmitter range to be used, namely 0-150 “H 2 O,
so that we can calibrate the transmitter 0-150″ H 2 O. Or to obtain the
hydrostatic pressure, we specify the formula to get the hydrostatic
pressure, as follows:

ρ = 1000 kg / m³
g = gravity = 9.8 m / s²

h = 150 inches = 3.81 meters)

P=ρ×g×h

P = 1000 kg / m³ × 9.8 m / s² × 3.81 m

P water = 37338 Pascal

P water = 150 “H 2 O

How the case if the liquid contained in the vessel is a liquid that has a
density of (or specific gravity = SG) are different, for example, 800 kg /

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m³ (0.8 g / cm³) for condensate. Is the level transmitter range 0-150
“H 2 O is still valid? Of course not, because of the hydrostatic pressure
caused by liquid which has a different SG will be different. Now let us
count, what is the hydrostatic pressure caused by condensate at a
height of 150 inches levels?

Ρ = 800 kg / m³

g = gravity = 9.8 m / s²

h = 150 inches = 3.81 meters)

P=ρ×g×h

P = 800 kg / m³ × 9.8 m / s² × 3.81 m

P condensate = 29870.4 Pascal Pascal unit <<< Where is this? Click here

When compared with the hydrostatic pressure of water, the

hydrostatic pressure of condensate at the same altitude, the smaller.

Now let‟s use a practical formula. Because the water used as a

benchmark or standard unit of pressure, with units Inch H 2 O (inches
of water), then we can compare the height of a liquid that is already
known to SG her with water that has the same height (in this example
150 “), then multiplied by the hydrostatic pressure of the
water. Mathematically be written as follows:

P condensate = (SG condensate / water SG × Pair

P condensate = (800/1000) × 37338 Pascal

Because 37338 Pascal = 150 “H 2 O, then:

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P condensate = (800/1000) x 150 “H 2 O

P condensate = 120 “H 2 O

So that the differential pressure transmitter that we use as our

transmitter level calibration with input range 0-120 “H 2 O for
measuring range 0-150 inches tall height condensate.

1.4 Dry and Wet Leg of Level Transmitters

GAMBAR 6
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PU = air pressure

PL = pressure on the sides L transmitters

PH = pressure side H transmitter

LT = level transmitter

PCV = pressure control valve (pressure regulator)

The picture above is a pressurized tank that serves to squeeze the

water out of the tank.Pressure is coming from the outside air pressure
which is guarded by two regulators, PCV1 is set at 90 PSIG and PCV2
at 100 PSIG, if the pressure in the tank falls below 90 PSIG, the PCV1
will open proportionally provide additional air,

if the pressure inside tank rise above 100 PSIG, the PCV2 opens
proportionally, remove the excess pressure to the atmosphere. This
configuration used in water utility (water Indonesian, which means the
air instead of water), such as for water demand was intermittent or
constant or other related applications.

Incoming water comes from a pump. Why not just channeled to pump
water from the utility?This is due water usage is not constant, which
sometimes exceeds the delivery capacity of the pump. Why not just
enlarged the capacity of the pump? Ordinary …. This is due to cost
considerations. The greater the capacity of the pump, the more
expensive.

In this post is not being discussed on the pump and the water
utility. Which will be highlighted in this post is the installation level
transmitter to determine the water level in the tank. LT (Level

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Transmitter) is used to measure the water level in the tank is used DP
transmitter. How DP can measure the level.

Why the low side of the LT connected to the tank top? This is due to
clicking equalize air pressure on the side of H and L of the transmitter,
so that LT is measured by hydro static pressure of water is directly
proportional to the water level in the tank.

On the state of the water level in the tank zero, or the water level
touches the point of measurement side of the H-her or in other words
the tank is empty, then the transmitter does not detect any hydro
static pressure, or (dp = PH-PL = 95 + 0-95 = 0).

The explanation above describes the configuration of the transmitter

with the method of dry-leg. Why is it called dry leg? Because the
sensing line transmitter is allowed to dry. (perhaps sensing line is
termed the leg, foot)

What if the gas is in the upper side of the tank can condense at
temperatures of work? For example condensate from the separation of
oil-gas-condensate?

Predictably, the gas will condense into the low side sensing line, and
of course, will affect the measurement accuracy, as SG (specific gravity)
condensate will contribute hydrostatic pressure on the L.

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 GAMBAR 7
To overcome this problem, the method is applied wet leg, that is by
filling in the low-side sensing line with a known liquid SG her. In this
example for instance water, which has SG = 1.

There is little difference in treating dp transmitter which is

implemented in level with wet leg. For example, the column height of
the low-side sensing line in the example above is 100 inches, resulting
hydrostatic pressure 100inH2O.

So that, when the tank is empty or the level of condensate touching a

high side sensing point of LT, then the transmitter will measure
pressure dp dp = PH-PL = 0-100 = -100 inH2O.

Well then that dp transmitter at zero trim, so its zero measurement

has real pressure of minus 100inH2O. and when trimmed zero in these
circumstances, the transmitter will send a signal to 0% (4mA for
example).

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Calculation details can be developed with reference to the previous
post.

In addition to avoid measurement errors gas condensation, wet leg

can also be useful when the fluid being measured.

In the wet leg, the actual measured value dp is always negative.

2. Open Tank Level Measurement using DP

Transmitter
2.1 Open Tank Level Measurement using DP Transmitter

GAMBAR 8

The figure above illustrates an application where the level value is

inferred from a pressure measurement. When the level is at the same
elevation point as the measuring instrument, atmospheric pressure is

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applied to both sides of the pressure transmitter and the
measurement is at „zero‟ reference level.

When the level in the tank increases, the force created by the
hydrostatic head of the liquid is applied to the measurement side of
the transmitter, resulting in an increase in the instrument output. The
instrument response is caused by the head pressure is used to infer a
level value.

The relationship between pressure and level is as mentioned earlier, P

= ρ • h • g. Note that any changes in atmospheric pressure does not
affect the measurement because the changes are applied to both sides
of the pressure transmitter.

if we are using DP Transmitter then the HP side is connected to the

tank tapping point and LP side is vent to atmosphere or we can use a
pressure transmitter also.

The DP Transmitter calibration parameters will vary depending on

installation & seal system also. Generally we can see three possibilities
of installation of a transmitter.

They are :

1. Transmitter installed Exactly at tapping point ( Ideal & preferred

way of installation)
2. Transmitter installed above tapping point ( Not preferable,
Chance of bubble formation)
3. Transmitter installed below tapping point (Error can be
compensated effectively)
So we have to calibrate the transmitter depending on the type of
installation in the field. The calibration formula will vary slightly
depending on the installation.Every transmitter have two important
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parameters, they are Lower Range Value (LRV) & Upper Range Value
(URV). We have to calculate the LRV & URV values based on type of
installation. The below figures with formulas dictates the calculations.
After calculating the values, configure the same parameters in the
transmitter using HART communicator.

Here we are discussing two types of seal systems : with seal & without
seal,

With Seal System : The impulse line is filled with special fluid like with
glycerine, glycol etc

Without Seal System : Tank / Vessel fluid will be filled with the impulse
lines

2.2 Configuration for Open Tank Level Measurement

Normal installation (Transmitter mounted leveled with min. level

tap)

GAMBAR 9

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Regardless of whether with/without seal system;

Span = ρp • g • h ,or alternatively, Span = SGp • h

Elevated-Zero installation (Transmitter mounted above the

tapping point)

GAMBAR 10

With seal system;

Zero Elevation = − ( ρf • g • h) , or, = − (SGf • h)

Span = ρp • g • H , or, = SGp• H

Without seal system;

Note that this configuration is not advisable, because the transmitter

tends to be unstable when the liquid level gets below the
transmitter level – causing bubble trap, unless seal system is used.

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Therefore, for calibration;

4mA (LRV) = Zero Elevation

20mA (URV) = Span + Zero Elevation

Suppressed-Zero installation (Transmitter mounted below the

tapping point)

GAMBAR 11

With seal system;

Zero Suppression = ρf • g • h , or, = SGf • h

Span = ρp • g • H , or, = SGp • H

Without seal system;

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(the transmitter leg is assumed to be filled with process fluid at all
time)

Zero Suppression = ρf • g • h

Span = ρp • g • H , or, = SGp • H

Therefore, for calibration;

4mA (LRV) = Zero Suppression

20mA (URV) = Span + Zero Suppression

NOTE:

ρp = density of process liquid in the tank

SGp = std. gravity of process liquid.
ρf = density of fill-liquid in the tubing
SGf = std. gravity of fill liquid
H = Tank Height ( measured level)
h = transmitter installed height from the HP tapping point

3. Interface Level Measurement using DP

Transmitter
Differential pressure (DP) transmitters are used to measure the
interface of two fluids that have different specific gravities (S1 & S2).
To make an interface measurement, the overall level must be at or
above the low pressure tap at all times. It is important that the level be
large enough to create a reasonable DP between the two specific

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gravity extremes. This measurement can be done with or without
remote seals.

However, from a maintenance point of view, it may be easier to use a

remote seal assembly; keeping the wet leg at a constant height can be
difficult in some applications.

To determine the calibrated range for the transmitter, four

assumptions need to be made:

1. At the lower calibrated value, 4 mA point, the tank is filled with

the lighter fluid.
2. At the upper calibrated value, 20 mA point, the tank is filled with
the heavier fluid.
3. The taps leading to the transmitter are flooded at all times. The
overall level should be equal to or higher than the upper (low
pressure) tap.
4. There is always a reference level seen by the low pressure side.
This can be accomplished with either a remote seal system or a
wet leg. The reference level must have a constant height and
density. The calculation is modified slightly for wet leg systems
when the density of the high and low pressure wet legs differ.
The measured level is composed of a combination of the two fluids:

L = L1S1 + L2S2

When the tank is filled with the lighter fluid, the transmitter will be at 4
mA (or 0% of span) and L2 = L:

HP = L2S2 + dSf

LP = dSf + hSf

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At 4 mA, DP = HP – LP = L2S2 – hSf

When the tank is filled with the heavier fluid, the transmitter will be at
20 mA (or 100% of span) and L1 = L:

HP = L1S1 + dSf

LP = dSf + hSf

At 20 mA, DP = HP – LP = LS1 – hSf

Interface Level Measurement

GAMBAR 12

This tool is used to calculate the DP transmitter ranges for interface

measurement application

Lihat table perhitungan di file dokumen Vidio Transmitter

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The formulas used to calculate calibration ranges of a DP transmitter
for interface measurement application

The Transmitter 4ma or LRV formula

∆Pmin or 4ma = LS2 – HSf
The Transmitter 20ma or URV formula
∆Pmax or 20ma = LS1 – HSf

Using the above tools, we are calculated the transmitter ranges. Now
calibrate the transmitter and take into line. Now note down the
present DP value of transmitter for calculating the interface level.

Now enter the Span, L and LRV of transmitter in DP scale (Transmitter

4ma value in DP scale) parameters which can obtained from above
interface measurement transmitter calibration tool. As we taken
transmitter into line, the measured DP can be obtained. Now
substitute all the parameters in the below interface calculation tool.

he formula used to calculate interface level using DP transmitter for

interface measurement application are:

Where,
H = Distance between taps
L = Total Measured Level
S1 = Specific gravity of lighter fluid
S2 = Specific gravity of heavier fluid
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Sf = Specific gravity of reference leg
Measured DP= After transmitter calibration, present DP value
Span = Difference between absolute of maximum and minimum range
LRV = Lower range value of transmitter in DP scale
I = Interface level

Interface Measurement using DP Transmitters

Advantages

 Low cost
 Simple to install

 No additional components required

Limitations

 Span must be sufficiently large enough to measure; either the

distance between taps or the specific grabity difference m7ust be
large
 Upper tap must be covered at all times.
 Small spans are susceptible to temperature induced errors.

Example Problem:

A vessel requires an interface measurement where the level is 150

inches. The vessel has two fluids with specific gravities of 1.0 and 1.08.

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 GAMBAR 13

At 4mA, DP = L2S2 – hSf

DP = (150 x 1.0) – (150 x 0.934)

So at 4 mA = 9.9 inH2O DP

At 20mA, DP = LS1 – hSf

DP = (150 x 1.08) – (150 x 0.934)

So at 20 mA = 21.9 inH2O DP

The calibrated span is 9.9 to 21.9 inH20. When the transmitter reads
9.9 inH20, the tank is filled with the lighter fluid. When the transmitter
reads 21.9 inH20, the tank is filled with the heavier fluid.

To determine where the interface of a mixture of fluids is, use the

DP reading as a percent of span. For example, if the transmitter
output is 18.4 mA or a DP of 20.7 inH2O, the interface is
calculated by using the formula:

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4. Closed Tank Level Measurement using
DP Transmitters
Hydrostatic head instruments for measuring liquid level in vessels
operating above atmospheric pressure uses the full capability of the

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differential pressure instruments with both sides of the measuring
element connected to the vessel.

GAMBAR 14

The differential pressure transmitter, enables an automatic subtraction

of the pressure on the LP side, from the total pressure appearing at
the HP side. This is accomplished as shown in diagram above, where
the LP is connected above the maximum predicted level. With this
arrangement, each increment of pressure above the liquid surface is
applied to both capsule assemblies of the transmitter, and since they
are in opposition, the increment is cancelled. Only the hydrostatic
pressure, which is applied to the HP, is effective in causing any
response to the transmitter, which is proportional to the level.

The DP transmitter have inbuilt pressure sensors like Diaphragm,

capsules, strain gauges etc to measure the differential pressure. The
pressure sensor converts the measured pressure into parameters like

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millivolts, capacitance, resistance etc depending on the type of
pressure sensor we are using inside the DP transmitter. Generally a
Wheatstone bridge will be used to convert resistance, capaciatance or
inducatance type of pressure sensor outputs into electrical signal like
millivolts or volts which is proportional to the pressure, then
transmitter converts the pressure into equivalent Level Signal
accordingly.

The tank bottom tapping point is High pressure (HP) tapping point
and Tank top tapping is Low Pressure (LP) tapping point. The DP
Transmitter is connected at these HP & LP tapping points accordingly.

The DP Transmitter calibration parameters will vary depending on

installation & seal system also. Generally we can see three possibilities
of installation of a transmitter in the field.

They are :

1. Transmitter installed Exactly at HP tapping point ( Ideal &

preferred way of installation)
2. Transmitter installed above HP tapping point ( Not preferable,
Chance of bubble formation in the impulse line)
3. Transmitter installed below HP tapping point (Error can be
compensated effectively)
So we have to calibrate the transmitter depending on the type of
installation in the field. The calibration formula will vary slightly
depending on the installation.Every transmitter have two important
parameters, they are Lower Range Value (LRV) & Upper Range Value
(URV). We have to calculate the LRV & URV values based on type of
installation. The below figures with formulas dictates the calculations.
After calculating the values, configure the same parameters in the
transmitter using HART communicator.

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Here we are discussing two types : Wet Leg & Dry Leg

Wet Leg : if LP impulse line is filled with liquid like water, glycol,
glycerin or liquid inside tank

Dry Leg : if LP impulse line is filled with air, gas or any other gases.

The hydro static pressures applying on DP transmitters will vary

depending on wet leg or dry leg. so we have to consider these &
calibration formula also varies accordingly.

We can only decide for a particular DP transmitter is having Wet leg or

Dry leg from the field installation & its process application. Sometimes
we can make a dry leg installation into wet leg by filling water into the
LP impulse line also.

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Transmitter mounted leveled with the min. level

GAMBAR 15

With wet leg ;

Span = ρp • g • H , or, = SGp • h
With dry leg ;
Span = ρp • g • H , or, = SGp • h

Transmitter mounted above the min. level

With wet leg ;
Zero Elevation = − (ρf • g • x)
Span = ρp • g • H

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With dry leg ;
Not preferable

Therefore, for calibration;

4mA (LRV) = Min. Head + Zero Elevation

20mA (URV) = Span + Zero Elevation

Transmitter mounted below the HP tap ;

GAMBAR 16
With dry leg ;
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Pw at min. level = (SGf • x)
Pw at max. level = (SGf • x) + (SGp • H)

Span = SGp • H
With wet leg ;

Zero Suppression = − (ρf • g • h) ,or, = − (SGf • h)

Span = ρp • g • H , or, = SGp • H
Therefore, for calibration;
4mA (0%) = Zero Elevation
20mA (100%) = Span+Zero Suppression

Transmitter mounted below HP tapping point &

Minimum Level is Elevated

GAMBAR 17

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With wet leg ;
Pw min = (SGp • y) − (SGf • d)

Pw max = (SGp)(x + y) − (SGf • d)

Span = ρp • g • x , or = SGp • x

With dry leg ;

Pw at min. level = (SGf • z) + (SGp • y)
Pw at max. level = (SGf • z) + (SGp)(x+y)
Span = SGp • H
NOTE:

ρp = density of process liquid in the tank

ρf = density of fill-liquid in the tubing
ρu = density of upper liquid

ρl = density of lower liquid

SGp = std. gravity of process liquid.
SGf = std. gravity of fill liquid
SGu = std. gravity of upper liquid
SGl = std. gravity of lower liquid

Pw = equivalent head of water

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5. DP Transmitter Dry Leg & Wet Leg
Calculations
In any process industry, level measurement is very important for safety
and process purpose.

The level can be measured by two methods.

1. Direct method

2. Indirect method

Here we discuss the indirect method and which is using DP transmitter

for level measurement.

A Differential pressure transmitter is a common and well-understood

technology for liquid level measurement. If the tank is closed or
pressurized, a DP measurement must be made to compensate for the
vessel pressure.

DP Transmitter Level Measurement for Closed

Tank
In closed tank DP level measurement, LP leg is connected to the top
of tank.

There are two methods in closed tank DP Level Measurement.

Dry leg method:

Dry leg method is used in normal close tank where vapor is not
condensate and temperature of process is equal to atmospheric.

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Wet leg method:
Wet leg method is used where vapor has a tendency to make the
condensate and temperature of process is high or low from the
atmospheric .

For DP Transmitter Configuration, we have to find out Zero Level &

Span Level. Accordingly we have to configure Lower Range Value
(LRV) and Upper Range Value (URV) using HART communicator.

DP Transmitter Level Measurement for Closed

Tank – Dry Leg Method
Simply when LP side of the DP transmitter is filled with any gas/air
then we call it as Dry Leg & we apply Dry Leg Method for calculations.

GAMBAR 18

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At zero level (LRV) = pressure acting on HP leg – Pressure acting on LP
leg

=H2 x specific gravity – 0

= 200 x 0.9 – 0

= 180 mmwc

At 100 % level (URV) = pressure acting on HP leg – Pressure acting on

LP leg

= (H2+H1) x specific gravity – 0

= (200 + 500) x 0.9 – 0

= 630 mmwc

Range = URV – LRV = 630 – 180 mmwc = 450 mmwc

So, we have to set Lower Range Value (LRV) = 180 mmwc and Upper
Range Value (URV) = 630 mmwc in the DP Transmitter using HART
communicator.

DP Transmitter Level Measurement for Closed

Tank – Wet Leg Method
Simply when LP side of the DP transmitter is filled with liquid then we
call it as Wet Leg & we apply Wet Leg Method for calculations.

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 GAMBAR 19

Y = H1 +H2 = 500 + 200 = 700 mm

At zero level (LRV) = pressure acting on HP leg – Pressure acting on LP

leg

= H2 x SG1 – Y x SG2

= 200 x 0.9 – 700 x 1.0

= 180 – 700

= – 520 mmwc

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At 100 % level (URV) = pressure acting on HP leg – Pressure acting on
LP leg

= (H2+H1) x SG1 – Y x SG2

= (200 + 500) x 0.9 – 700 x 1.0

= 630 – 700
= -70 mmwc
Range = URV – LRV = -70 – (-520) = 450 mmwc
So, we have to set Lower Range Value (LRV) = -520 mmwc and Upper
Range Value (URV) = -70 mmwc in the DP Transmitter using HART
communicator

6. DP Level Transmitter with Zero

Suppression Calibration
Schematic Diagram of a Open Tank DP Level Transmitter with Zero
Suppression Calibration

GAMBAR 20

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 Open Tank DP Level Transmitter with Zero Suppression Calibration

Formulas:

Min range = SG x Z + P0

Max range = (SG x Z) + (SG x H)

Example:

If the height of an H is 3.5 meters high and 1.5 meters Z is, in the tank,
there is a liquid that has a density of 1 g / cm3 what the calibration
range of the transmitter?

SG = 1

Min range = SG x Z + P0

= 1 x 1,5 m + 0
= 1.5 mH 2 O

Max range = (SG x Z) + (SG x H)

= (1 x 1.5) + (1 x 3.5)
= 1.5 + 3.5
= 5 mH2O

The transmitter Range 1.5 to 5 mH2O

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7. Level Transmitter Calibration Procedure
Calibration Procedure

1. Set up the guided wave radar level transmitter, HART

communicator, power supply, and the multimeter as below (see
below calibration setup Diagram).
2. Check the configuration of the lower range value (0% level, 4
mA) and high range value (100% level, 20 mA). Make sure that
the inputted data is as per datasheet. For example, the lower
range value is 10 inch and the high range value is 35 inch (both
of it are measured from the bottom of level transmitter probe)
3. Fill the level transmitter chamber with water up to the 0% level.
Read the level measurement in the transmitter LCD (or in the
HART communicator). Set this condition as 0% level through
HART communicator.
4. Read the mA output of the transmitter by using a multimeter.
Adjust (if any) through the HART communicator so that the
output of the transmitter (on multimeter) is 4 mA.
5. Fill the level transmitter chamber with water up to the 100%
level. Read the level measurement in the transmitter LCD (or in
the HART communicator). Set this condition as 100% level
through HART communicator.
6. Read the mA output of the transmitter by using a multimeter.
Adjust (if any) through the HART communicator so that the
output of the transmitter (on multimeter) is 20 mA.

Calibration Setup Diagram :

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 GAMBAR 21

Typical tools required:

1. 24 VDC power supply

2. Multimeter digital
3. Water Supply Connection
4. HART communicator
5. Screwdriver set
6. Wrench set
Note:

point number 1, 2, and 4 of the typical tools above can be replaced by

a single multifunction calibrator available in the market. This typical
maintenance procedure is just an illustration of how to regularly
service a guided wave radar level transmitter for academic purpose

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only. This typical procedure shall not be used as day to day operation
guidance. The vendor specific maintenance manual shall be used in
detail.

Tugas-tugas

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