PAINTING - Are two-dimensional works of art, flat areas

ART APPRECIATION || BARCEBAL, ANGELA A. BSN- 2N created when two ends of a line are linked and
space is enclosed. The shape can also describe
PAINTING an area of a composition that is created by
other shapes surrounding it. It refers to the
- Is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color, or physical form or figure, implying weight or
another medium to a sold surface (called the “matrix” or volume. Shapes aid in the expression of
“support” thoughts or opinions. It promotes interaction
- Is a visual art form that shows how artist use their and elicits anxiety, focus, and energy.
creative and imaginative brains to communicate ways - The shape has various kinds, such as:
a. Geometric shapes- refer to any shape
that remains virtually unchanged if
SIX ELEMENTS OF ARTS/PAINTING moved or flipped off a surface.
1. LINE b. Organic shapes- refer to any shapes
2. COLOR with a natural look or curving
3. TEXTURE appearance. These shapes are often
4. PERSPECTIVE referred to as curvilinear or free from
5. FORMS shape.
6. SYMBOLS c. Biomorphic shapes- refer to any non-
representational form or pattern that
LINE resembles a living organism in shape or
- A mark made by a pointed tool such as a brush, pen or appearance.
stick: a moving point COLOR
- Is the most basic and essential element of art. Also, the - Is one of the most dominant elements. It is
shortest distance between two points. It can also be created by light. There are three properties of
implied in the space between two points even if they are color; Hue (name) Value (shades and tints) and
not connected. A line always implies direction and has a Intensity (brightness)
distinct type and meaning. - is a property of light. It is the appearance or
a. Vertical lines- these are lines posed for stress action, hue of an object concerning the wavelength of
strength, and dynamism. They also tend to express and light being reflected. It is the most challenging
as well as arouse emotions. element of art to define.
b. Horizontal lines- show repose, serenity, calmness,
stability, and quiescence. TEXTURE
c. Diagonal lines- these are lines that suggest action and
express tension and movement. They give animation to - Describes the feel of an actual surface. The
any composition in which they appear. surface quality of an object; can be real or
d. Curve line- suggests grace and joyousness and appears implied
soft, flexible, and gentle. They are never harsh or stern - is the element that deals more directly with
since they are formed by gradual changes in direction. the sense of touch. It refers to the canvas
They impart qualities to every work where they are look or the smoothness of the material. It is a
used. two-sided or three-sided pattern element
distinguished by its perceived visual and
e. A zigzag line- is a line that travels straight with severe physical appearance.
bends and angles. It conveys confusion and nervousness. - Texture has four distinct types such as:
It may also imply danger and destruction.
a. Abstract texture- refers to modifying the
SHAPE actual texture for aesthetic and
- A flat, enclosed area that has two dimensions, length and decorative purposes.
width. Artists use both geometric and organic shapes b. Real texture- refers to the actual feel and
look of the surface of an object. This
texture is a mixture of how the paint is
seen and feels to the touch.

PAINTING Page 1
 c. Invented texture- a creative means of adding alternate
materials to create an exciting and intriguing texture,
just like in an abstract artwork wherein the artist uses
their imagination.
d. Simulated texture- refers to the surface character
that looks real but it is not.
PERSPECTIVE
- It deals with the effect of distance upon the
appearance of the objects, using which the eye judges’
spatial relationships. It’s a technique for creating a
three-dimensional illusion with depth and Space.
- The level of perspective is projected, which is:
a. Foreground- the visual equilibrium that appears to be
closer to the viewers
b. The middle ground – is the area that lies between the
foreground and the backdrop.
c. Background- the visual balance that appears farther
from the viewers.
d. Linear perspective- the representation of distance
appearance through converging lines.
e. Aerial perspective- represents relative distances of
objects by gradations of tone and color.
SYMBOLS
- These are made up of specific meanings or messages.
It’s utilized to express concepts like death, hope, and
life, among others.
COLOR WHEEL AND ITS CLASSIFICATION
Colors are classified based on their categories, such as
PAINTING Page 2
Color Wheel - this colored wheel system, based
on three primary colors, is known as the
Brewster System. It was developed by David
Brewster. It is also called the Prang System.
Each color on the color wheel is a true “hue”.
PRIMARY COLORS
Primary Colors… Red, Blue, and Yellow
- Primary colors cannot be man-made by mixing
other colors together.
- A pigment is color from a biological source,
which when used in housing and design
applications can be natural or synthetic
(manmade).
SECONDARY COLORS
-
- Orange, green violet
- Remember, it’s “violet”, not purple.
- Secondary colors can be “made” by mixing two
primary colors together. Blue and red make
violet; red and yellow make orange; yellow and
blue make green.
TERTIARY COLORS
 - Yellow-green, Blue-green, Blue-Violet, Red-Violet, Red-
orange, Yellow-orange
- The tertiary colors are also referred to as the
intermediate colors.
- Tertiary colors are made by mixing a primary with a
secondary color… the primary color is always listed
first. For example, when the primary color of yellow is
mixed with the secondary color named green, the new
tertiary color is called yellow-green.
- Tertiary colors can be expanded further, such as
mixing blue and blue-green together. The result would
be the color blue-blue-green. Perhaps we would name
that color “teal” to be less confusing.
COLOR WHEEL
- A color wheel (circular color) is arranged on an achromatic
basis. It is evenly divided into 12 parts, displaying varied colors
by value. The other classes are the following colors:
COMPLEMENTARY COLORS
- Complementary colors are those located directly opposite each
other on the color wheel.
PAINTING Page 3
ANALOGOUS
- A color scheme using 3 or more colors next to
each other on the color wheel.
NEUTRAL COLORS
- Neutral colors include black, white, and brown.
They also include all the tints and shades of black,
white, and brown… so include colors known as
tan, beige, gray, cream, etc.
- Neutral colors can be made by mixing: black and
white, complementary colors, all three primaries
together (plus some black or white)
- Neutral colors blend well with all other colors.
- They enhance and strengthen the other colors
around them.
- Stone such as slate, brick, marble, etc.; metallics
such as brass, pewter, gold, chrome etc.; and
glass fall into the neutral category.
WARM COLORS
- Colors on the warm side of the spectrum…red,
yellow, orange. They usually also include the
neutral black and brown tones.
- Warm colors are especially good in rooms with
northern exposures
COOL COLORS

- Colors on the cool side of the spectrum…blue, violet,

green. They usually include the neutral white and gray
tones.
- Cool colors are especially good in rooms with southern
exposures.

MEDIUMS IN PAINTING
- In art, the term medium; refers to the materials used
by the artist to make a work of art. It’s a term used to
define a particular type of art. There are different
mediums used in painting today:
1. OIL- linseed oil, poppy seed, safflower, and walnut oil.
2. PASTEL- It consists of a pure powdered color and a
binder.
3. ACRYLIC- is a fast-drying paint containing pigment
suspension in acrylic polymer emulsion, which becomes
water-resistant.
4. WATERCOLOR- a medium in which the paints are made of
colors suspended in a water-soluble vehicle.
5. INK- a liquid that comprises colors and dyes and is
applied to a surface to create an image, text, or design.
It is for drawing and writing with a brush or pen.
6. ENCAUSTIC- it is heated beeswax to which colored stains
are added. The paste is applied to a wood-based canvas.
7. FRESCO- comes from the Italian word affresco, which
means ―fresh. It also refers to several related mural
painting types executed on walls, ceilings, or flat
surfaces.
8. GOUACHE- is a water-based paint consisting of pigment
and other materials designed in an opaque painting
technique.
9. ENAMEL- is a paint that air dries to a durable, usually
glossy, and reliable finish. It is used for outdoor coating
surfaces or is otherwise subject to variations in
temperature.
10. SPRAY PAINT- is the type of paint that comes in a sealed
pressurized battle and is released in a fine spray.
11. 1TEMPERA- is a permanent, fast-drying painting medium
consisting of colored pigment mixed with a water-
soluble binder method.

PAINTING Page 4