Civilizations in

Southeast Asia
Prepared by : Mark Ian Anticamara
BSED 2C SOCIAL STUDIES
 • Geography and the Cultures of India and
China Influenced the early civilizations of
Southeast Asia.

• The Location of Southeast Asian Civilization

allowed big and powerful civilizations that
neighbor them to influence them.

• The climate, land, and distance from the sea

affected each civilization’s economy
differently– some became trading civilizations.
Others conquered, and some others were
agricultural civilizations.

 Early
Kingdoms
and Empires
 • Was built at the behest of the
Khmer King Suryavarman II in the
early 12th century in Yaśodharapur,
the capital of the Khmer Empire, as
his state temple and eventual
mausoleum.
Angkor Wat
 • Angkor Wat combines two
basic plans of Khmer temple
architecture: the temple-
mountain and the later galleried
temple. It is designed to
represent Mount Meru, home of
the devas in Hindu mythology:
within a moat more than 5
kilometres (3 mi) long and an Angkor Wat
outer wall 3.6 kilometres (2.2 mi)
long are three rectangular
galleries, each raised above the
next.
• At the centre of the temple stands a
quincunx of towers. Unlike most
Angkorian temples, Angkor Wat is
oriented to the west; scholars are
divided as to the significance of this.

• The temple is admired for the

grandeur and harmony of the
architecture, its extensive bas-
Angkor Wat
reliefs, and for the numerous devatas
adorning its walls.
 • The modern name Angkor Wat,
alternatively Nokor Wat, means
“Temple City” or “City of Temples” in
Khmer.

• The original name of the temple

was Vrah Viṣṇuloka or Parama
Viṣṇuloka meaning “the sacred Angkor Wat
dwelling of Vishnu”.
 • Located in Mandalay Region,
Myanmar, is an ancient imperial
capital of successive Burmese
kingdoms from the 14th to 19th
centuries.

• Throughout history, it was sacked

and rebuilt numerous times. The
INWA
capital city was finally abandoned
after it was destroyed by a series of
major earthquakes in March 1839.
 • Though only a few traces of its
former grandeur remain today, the
former capital is a popular day-trip
tourist destination from Mandalay.

INWA
 • It was a Siamese kingdom that
existed in Southeast Asia from 12
March 1351 to 7 April 1767, centered
around the city of Ayutthaya, in Siam,
or present-day Thailand.

• European travellers in the early

16th century called Ayutthaya one of The Ayutthaya
the three great powers of Asia Kingdom
(alongside Vijayanagar and China).
 • The Ayutthaya Kingdom is
considered to be the precursor of
modern Thailand, and its
developments are an important part
of the history of Thailand.

The Ayutthaya
Kingdom
 • Is an ancient city and a UNESCO
World Heritage Site in the Mandalay
Region of Myanmar.

• From the 9th to 13th centuries, the

city was the capital of the Bagan
Kingdom, the first kingdom that
unified the regions that would later Bagan Kingdom
constitute Myanmar.
 • During the kingdom's height
between the 11th and 13th centuries,
more than 10,000 Buddhist temples,
pagodas and monasteries were
constructed in the Bagan plains
alone, of which the remains of over
2200 temples and pagodas survive.
• According to the Burmese chronicles, Bagan Kingdom
Bagan was founded in the second century
AD, and fortified in 849 AD by King Pyinbya,
34th successor of the founder of early
Bagan.
 • Mainstream scholarship however
holds that Bagan was founded in the
mid-to-late 9th century by the
Mranma (Burmans), who had
recently entered the Irrawaddy
valley from the Nanzhao Kingdom.

• It was among several competing Bagan Kingdom

Pyu city-states until the late 10th
century when the Burman settlement
grew in authority and grandeur.
 • The city’s historic district, is
recognized as an exceptionally well-
preserved example of a Southeast
Asian trading port dating from the
15th to the 19th century, its buildings
and street plan reflecting a blend of
indigenous and foreign influences. Hội An
• Prominent in the city’s old town is
its covered “Temple Bridge”, dating
to the 16th–17th century.
 • Was founded in 1296 as the new
capital of Lan Na, succeeding the
former capital, Chiang Rai.

• The city’s location on the Ping River

(a major tributary of the Chao Phraya
River) and its proximity to major
Chiang Mai
trading routes contributed to its
historic importance.
 • The city (thesaban nakhon, “city
municipality”) of Chiang Mai
officially only covers most parts (40,2
km²) of the Mueang Chiang Mai
district in the city centre and has a
population of 127,000.
• This census area dates back to 1983 Chiang Mai
when Chiang Mai’s municipal area
was enlarged for the first and last
time since becoming the first City
Municipality in Thailand (then under
Siam) in 1935.
 • The city’s sprawl has since
extended into several neighboring
districts, from Hang Dong in the
south, to Mae Rim in the north, and
Suthep in the west, to San
Kamphaeng in the east, forming the
Chiang Mai urban area with a size of
2,303 km². Chiang Mai
 • The ancient capital of Luang
Prabang Province in northern Laos,
lies in a valley at the confluence of
the Mekong and Nam Khan rivers.
Inhabited for thousands of years, it
was the royal capital of the country
until 1975.
• It’s known for its many Buddhist Luang Prabang
temples, including the gilded Wat
Xieng Thong, dating to the 16th
century, and Wat Mai, once the
residence of the head of Laotian
Buddhism.
 • The centre of the city consists of
four main roads and is located on a
peninsula at the confluence of the
Nam Khan and Mekong River.
• Luang Prabang is well known for its
numerous Buddhist temples and
monasteries.
• One of the city’s major landmarks is Luang Prabang
Mount Phou Si; a large steep hill which
despite the constrained scale of the city, is
150 metres (490 ft) high; a steep staircase
leads to Wat Chom Si shrine and an
overlook of the city and the rivers.
 • The city was formerly the capital of
a kingdom of the same name.
• It had also been known by the
ancient name of Xieng Thong.
It was the royal capital and seat of
government of the Kingdom of Laos,
until the Pathet Lao takeover in 1975.
Luang Prabang
• The city is part of Luang Prabang District
of Luang Prabang Province and is the
capital and administrative centre of the
province. It lies approximately 300 km (186
mi) north of the capital Vientiane.
 • It is a historical park in Si
Satchanalai district, Sukhothai
Province, northern Thailand. The
park covers the ruins of Si
Satchanalai and Chaliang. Si
Satchanalai, which literally means
“City of good people”, was founded in
1250 as the second center of the Si Satchanalai
Sukhothai Kingdom and as a Historical Park
residence of the crown prince in the
13th and 14th centuries.
 • The city was rectangular in shape.
In the 16th century, a 5-metre high
wall with an upstream moat was
built to fend off the growing Burmese
attacks.

Si Satchanalai
Historical Park
 • The location of the town was
facilitated by two neighboring
dominant hills. The park is
maintained by the Fine Arts
Department of Thailand with help
from UNESCO, which has declared it a
World Heritage Site together with the
associated historic parks in Si Satchanalai
Kamphaengphet and Sukhothai. Historical Park
 • Similar to Sukhothai Historical
Park, Si Satchanalai Historical Park
attracts thousands of visitors each
year, who marvel at the ancient
Buddha figures, palace buildings and
ruined temples.

Si Satchanalai
Historical Park
RELIGIONS
 • New religions appeared in Southeast Asia,
accompanying the currents of trade and often
entwined with social changes already underway.

• Gradually, in most areas, these religions filled

the gaps left by weakening local Hindu-Buddhist
establishments and beliefs, and by the mid-18th
century the region had assumed something
much like its modern religious configuration.
 • On the mainland, Theravada Buddhism, which
had been making inroads in Cambodia since the
11th century, underwent revitalization, the result
especially of royal patronage and direct contact
with Theravada monasteries in Sri Lanka.
• Both the general idiom and many precepts of
Theravada already were familiar in Indianized
societies, making this a gentle, nearly silent
revolution that despite its subtlety was no less
important.
• In Ayutthaya and the other Tai kingdoms and in
the Mon-Burman states, Theravada Buddhism
buoyed the kingship and introduced a vigorous
intellectual leadership; it also spread broadly
among the populace and thus played an
important role as a cohesive social and cultural
force from which the people of modern Thailand
and Myanmar later were to draw much of their
sense of identity.
Archeology
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Quote
Knowledge of history helps us to know
ourselves as human beings.
 Archaeological
excavation
Archaeological
Archaeological excavation Archaeological excavation excavation

Archaeological excavation Archaeological

Archaeological excavation excavation
Archaeological
Archaeological excavation
excavation
Archaeological
Archaeological excavation
Archaeological excavation excavation
Archaeological
excavation
Archaeological excavation
Archaeological
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excavation
 Architecture

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pellentesque dolor ac suscipit. Duis quis commodo mauris.
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Art Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing
elit. Vivamus quis ultrices felis. Fusce sapien nunc,
posuere at mauris sed, sagittis luctus erat. Integer

History sollicitudin pellentesque dolor ac suscipit. Duis quis

commodo mauris.
 Archaeological
chronology
EVENT 1 EVENT 2 EVENT 3 EVENT 4
YEAR 1900 YEAR 1920 YEAR 1940 YEAR 1960

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erat. Integer sollicitudin
pellentesque dolor ac
suscipit. Duis quis
commodo mauris.
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consectetur adipiscing elit.
Vivamus quis ultrices felis.
Fusce sapien nunc, posuere
at mauris sed, sagittis luctus
erat. Integer sollicitudin
pellentesque dolor ac
suscipit. Duis quis
commodo mauris.
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consectetur adipiscing elit.
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erat. Integer sollicitudin
pellentesque dolor ac
suscipit. Duis quis
commodo mauris.
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 Conclusions
CONCLUSION 1
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sollicitudin pellentesque dolor ac suscipit. Duis
quis commodo mauris.
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elit. Vivamus quis ultrices felis. Fusce sapien nunc,
posuere at mauris sed, sagittis luctus erat. Integer
sollicitudin pellentesque dolor ac suscipit. Duis
quis commodo mauris.
CONCLUSION 2
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elit. Vivamus quis ultrices felis. Fusce sapien nunc,
posuere at mauris sed, sagittis luctus erat. Integer
sollicitudin pellentesque dolor ac suscipit. Duis
quis commodo mauris.
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elit. Vivamus quis ultrices felis. Fusce sapien nunc,
posuere at mauris sed, sagittis luctus erat. Integer
sollicitudin pellentesque dolor ac suscipit. Duis
quis commodo mauris.
Bibliography
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elit. Vivamus quis ultrices felis. Fusce sapien nunc,
posuere at mauris sed, sagittis luctus erat. Integer
sollicitudin pellentesque dolor ac suscipit. Duis
quis commodo mauris.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing
elit. Vivamus quis ultrices felis. Fusce sapien nunc,
posuere at mauris sed, sagittis luctus erat. Integer
sollicitudin pellentesque dolor ac suscipit. Duis
quis commodo mauris.
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