MESIN MESIN LISTRIK

Introduction to DC Electric Machines

Ir. Nana Heryana, M.T., ASEAN Eng.

Electrical Energy Conversion Research Laboratory

Institute of Technology Bandung

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 References

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 POKOK BAHASAN

INTRODUCTION

AC VS DC MACHINES

EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT

POWER FLOW & LOSSES

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 Electric Machines

or Generator

or Generator

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 DC machines

DC machines are
motors that convert
dc electric energy to
mechanical energy.

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 Parameter value limits

• Voltages range from: 6[V] to about

700[V]
• small DC motors (say, up to hundreds of
watts) can run at approx. 12000 rev/min
• majority of medium and large DC motors
are usually designed for speeds below
3000 rev/min

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 PMDC motor

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 Applications
• IRON CORE DC MOTORS:
 Positioning systems
 Vending devices
 Printing machines
 Syringe pumps
 Dispensers
 Locking systems

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 Applications
• BRUSHLESS DC MOTORS:
 Infusion pumps, insulin
pumps
 Analysis & dialysis
equipment
 Scanners
 Laser measuring equipment
 Camera shutter
 Motorised valves

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 Coreless
armature
PMDC

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 Applications
• CORELESS DC MOTORS:
 Dialysis pumps
 Money changers, sorters
 Card readers
 Ticket printers
 Security Systems
 Film winders
 Robots, educational robots

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 LORENTZ FORCE

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 AC vs DC Machines

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 AC Machines
 According to the general rule, the
magnetic lines in the space between
the N-S poles are directed from the
north pole N to the south pole S.
 The Conductor (ab) passes under
the north pole, an e.m.f is induced
therein directed from the page
towards the reader, and when the
conductor passes under south pole,
the e.m.f direction is reversed and
passes from the reader into the page.
……………….????

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 DC Machines
 According to the general rule, the
magnetic lines in the space
between the N-S poles are
directed from the north pole N to
the south pole S.
 The Conductor (ab) passes
under the north pole, an e.m.f is
induced therein directed from the
page towards the reader, and
when. ……………….

e,i

t
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 Conversion of Alternating Current into Direct Current by Means
of a Commutator

AC Machine DC Machine

e,i

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 COMMUTATOR

e,i

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 The Construction of a DC machines

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 Konstruksi Stator Mesin DC

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 Kontruksi Mesin DC

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 Konstruksi Rotor Mesin DC

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 Konstruksi Mesin DC

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 Tata Letak
termin als
ro tor (arm atu re)
bru sh es

N
N

S
S

stato r (p ro vid es th e field )

co m m u tato r
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The equivalent circuit of a dc machines

IA

F1 A1
Radj Vbrush RA
RF

+
EA
_

LF
F2
A2

Field circuit Armature circuit

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 The equivalent circuit of a dc motor
IA

RA
RF
+
_
EA VT
LF

Field circuit Armature circuit

Φ  k1 I f Ea  VT  I a Ra  Vbrush
Ea  k2 Ea  VT  I a Ra
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 Persamaan Mesin DC
• Persamaan opreasi : • Daya Mesin:

VT  Ea  I a Ra PoutM  Ea I a
PoutG  VT I a
Persamaan tegangan jangkar :

Φ  k1 I f Ea  k2
• Torka Motor:
Ea  k I f 
PoutM
  2  nm T  k Ia I f


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 Power Flow and Losses in DC Generator

 inm  Ea .I a
Pin   mm

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 Power Flow and Losses in DC MOTOR

Pout   mm
Ea .I a   inm

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 Power Flow and Losses in DC Machine

Efficiency The losses in DC Machines;

1. Electrical or copper loss
Pout
 x100% 2. Brush Losses
Pin
3. Core losses
4. Mechanical losses
Pin  Ploss
 x100% 5. Stray load losses
Pin

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 Losses in DC Machine
1. Electrical or copper loss;

PA  I A R A
2
Armature loss ;

PF  I F RF
2
Field loss ;

Where; PA-armature loss, PF-Field loss, IA-armature

current, IF –Field current, RA-armature resistance,
RF-Field resistance

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 Losses in DC Machine
2. Brush loss; PCD V BDI A

Where; PBD-brush drop loss, VBD-brush voltage

drop, IA-armature current

3. Core loss; hysteresis losses and eddy current losses

4. Mechanical loss; rugi akibat gesekan dan angin

5.Stray load losses; rugi-rugi buta, umumnya 1%

beban penuh
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 TERIMA KASIH

heryananana@gmail.com

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