VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Jnana Sangam, Belgavi - 590014

A SEMINAR REPORT ON
“TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY”
Submitted By

VAISHNAVI 3GN17CV100

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

Under the guidance of
Prof. Umashankar y.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING COLLEGE
BIDAR – 585 403
2020-2021
 GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING
COLLEGE BIDAR -585 403
(Affiliated to VTU Belagavi, Approved by AICTE )

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to Certify that VAISHNAVI USN-3GN17CV100, of VIII
semester B.E Civil Engineering has satisfactory competed the seminar on
“TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY” In partial fulfillment for the award of
Bachelor of Engineering in Civil Engineering of the Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belgam, during the year 2020-2021.

Principal
Head of the Department
Guide

Prof. Umashankar y. Dr. B B Kori Dr. Ravindra E

NAME OF THE EXAMINER

1.

2.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to my

esteemed institute GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING, BIDAR which has
provided me an opportunity to fulfill the most cherished desire to reach my
goal.

I would like to extend my profound gratitude to my Guide fo Prof.

Umashankar.y shaping the report, correcting the minute errors and
guiding in completion of project.

Special thanks are due to Dr. B. B. Kori, for rendering helping

hand in completion of Project and his valuable assistance and timely
comments during the completion of this work.
I would like to express my sense of gratitude to my beloved
principal Dr. Ravindra E, for providing the right academic climate at
this institution that has made this entire task appreciable.

Finally, I express my heartfelt thanks to staff members of the

department, who helped me a lot in the completion of project directly
and indirectly within the scheduled period.
 TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY 2020-2021

CONTENT SHEET

SL PARTICULARS PAGE NO
NO
ABTRACT 1
1 INTRODUCTION 2
1.1 TRENCLESS TECHNOLOGY 2
1.2 HISTORY 2
1.3 IMPORTACE OF THE TRENCHLESS 2
TECHNOLOGY
2 TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY METHODS 3
2.1 NEW INSTALLATION
2.1.1 MICRO TUNNELING 4
2.1.2 HORIZONTAL DIRECTIONAL DRILLING 5
2.1.3SHORT DRIVE SYSTEM 6-7
2.1.4 GUIDED DRILLING 8
2.2 REHABILITATION AND RENOVATION
2.2.1 PIPE BURSTING 9
2.2.2 PIPE EATING 10
2.2.3RELINING THE EXISTING PIPE 10
2.2.4 LOCALISED REPAIR 11-12
3 PRE REQUITIES 13
4 TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA 13
4.1 DIRECIONAL DRILLING 14
4.2 RAMMING 15
4.3 MOLING 16
4.4AGUER BORING 17
5 NEED FOR ADOPTION OF TRENCHLESS 18
TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA
6 COMPLETED,ONGOING&UPCOMING 19-20
TRENCHLESS PROJECTS IN INDIA
7 OPEN TRENCH METHOD 21
7.1 DIFFICULTIES IN OPEN TRENCH METHOD
8 ADVANTAGE OF TRENCHLESS (NODIG ) 22
TECHNOLOGY
CONCLUSION 23
REFERENCE 24

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ABSTRACT
Trenchless technology offers methods by which underground utilities may be installed
without damages to overlying pavement, if proper precautions are observed. In past ten years,
repeated improvements in technology, material, and methods have advanced faster than the
guidelines and specifications for use of the technology.

It can reduce environmental damage, social costs and produce in alternative to open trench
method of installation, renewal and repair it includes in, development of all kinds
underground napping techniques, tunneling devices and specialist materials and equipment .
In addition ,and training in the technology for designers, engineers, and inspectors has not
kept pace with developments.

Trenchless technology covers any trchniques, processes or procedure ,including the

equipment, machines and materials involved, which minimizes or eliminates the need for
surface excavation or reduces environmental damage or reduces the associated costs for
underground work.

Trenchless methods offer several potential advantages. They can reduce noise, dust,
construction vibration, and other environmental impacts. Trenchless methods have minimal
impact on economic activity in congested areas. Traffic is not interrupted, and other utilities
are minimally affected. Trenchless technologies are also generally safer both for the
construction workers and the general public.

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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY
Trenchless technology is the science of installing, repairing, renewing underground pipes,
ducts and cables using techniques which minimize or eliminate the need for excavation of the
ground above. It also makes it possible to install the utilities under rivers, highways, canals
and other obstacles with no dispersion of flow with minimum or no damage to the
environment.

1.2 HISTORY
In 1970, architectural engineer Eric Wood needed a quick and easy way to fix an air duct
above his mushroom beds. Due to the configuration of the duct, removing and replacing the
pipe was not available option. The solution he came up with his CIPP, or cured-in-place
piping, which is now what’s commonly used for trenchless pipe repair. It involves applying a
new coating to inside of the affected pipe. CIPP may be one of the oldest most reliable forms
of trenchless technology, but it is far from the only one.

1.3 IMPORTANCE OF THE TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY

Traditional open cut trenches are in general use for laying the underground services but have
following inherent disadvantages, which can be eliminated or minimized by adopting the
trenchless technology methods:

a) Traffic hindrance: Traffic obstruction, accidents, extra cost in providing diversions

and their maintenance etc.

b) Environmental pollutions: Dust and air pollution by vehicles and machines, noise
pollution to public, pollution of ground and surface water etc.

c) Citizen and society: Increased cost in repair and rehabilitating the roads,
compensation for damages, advantage of early availability of the utility and avoidance
of public hindrance etc.

Trenchless technology will prove competitive with its increased use considering the
social cost aspects in the project. For a meaningful safe environment and public health
in our cities the application and adoption of this advance technology may soon
become imperative.

The seminar describes the few important methods for installing utilities for
infrastructural development under the ground.

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2 TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY METHODS

Trenchless technology methods systems have been categorized in to two groups:

1. New installation

a) Micro tunneling

b) Horizontal directional drilling

c) Short drive system

d) Guided drilling

2. Rehabilitation and Renovation

a) Pipe bursting

b) Pipe eating

c) Relinig the existing pipe

d) Localized repair

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2.1 NEW INSTALLATION

2.1.1Micro tunneling
Micro tunneling is a term which is used to describe remotely controlled mechanical tunneling
system where the spoil is removed from the cutting head within the new pipeline which is
advanced by pipe jacking.

Micro tunneling machines have now been developed to work from drive shaft in almost all
types of ground conditions.The cutting head has to be carefully selected to deal with the
expected ground conditions, with the appropriate cutting tools and crushing devices for the
range of gravels, sands , silts and clays.

The only excavating required from the service is to drive and receptions shafts. Spoil may be
removed from the face by an auger running through the newly installed pipeline to a skip in
the base of the drive shaft.

Alternatively, water or bentonite may be used to convert the soil into slurry at the cutting face.
The slurry is less then pumped to the surface where the solids are separated before disposal.

Micro tunneling is used extensively in sewage work where surface disruption has to be
minimized. Machines are now available to drive 100mm or more in soft ground for sizes
100mm diameter upwards. From drives shafts of less than 3mm diameter.

Micro tunneling system has been developed in which temporary steel tubes are jacked in and
removed at the next manhole position, the new pipeline following in the established bore. In
micro tunneling, the only indication on the surface is the presence of a control container with
hoist for lowering pipes into the drive shafts. Noise levels and traffic disruption are
minimized.

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2.1.2 HORIZONAL DIRECTIONAL DRILLING

Horizontal drilling systems are nowadays widely used for installing pressure pipes under
major obstacles such a motorway intersction, large rivers and airport runways.

A small rotating and steerable drill bit is launched from the surface at an angle 10-15 and is
used to drill 90mm mud filled diameter hole. During the drilling operation a 125mm diameter
was over pipes is drilled over the pilot string and following some 100mm behind the head.
Alternate drilling then continues on the pilot string is removed and the bore is enlarged by a
rotating barrel reamer attached to and pulled back by the wash over pipe, drilling mud being
used to llushed away the cuttings and to support the reamed hole. Subsequent caming
continues until the required diameter is achieved. The products pipe is less than attached to
the reaming head pulled through the bore drives of more than 1.5km and of up to 1200mm
diameter have been carried out.

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2.1.3 SHORT DRIVE SYSTEM

AUGOR BORING: Augor boring utilizes a rotating head to excavate the soil, which is
transported by auger flights operating in a casing to drive pit. The head is recovered at an exit
pit or in the trench cut for the adjacent length of pipeline. Auger boring is used in the range of
100-1000mm diameter.

IMPACT MOILING: Impact moiling in which a percussive mole is launched from a drive
pit to displace the soil and from a bore is widely used. The new conduct is normally drawn in
behind the mole. They are used to install services for all utilities.

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ROD PUSHING: Rod pushing is a technique in which a bore of about 50mm diameter is formed by
displacement. A rod is advanced by straight hydraulic push and the pilot hole may be back reamed to
required size. The technique is used for the installation of pipe and conduits up to 15mm diameter
over lengths of 30-40mm.

PIPE RAMMING AND THURST BORING: Pipe raming and thurst boring are similar
processes where the ground from the drive pit. Accumulating spoil is removed by compressed
air and water after completing the bore. Pipe ramming is suitable for most types of soil but
not suitable where there are solid rock formation. It is said to be a cost saving alternative to
open trenching, angering or pipe jacking methods. Usually pipes up to 2000mm diameter can
be laid using this technique depending upon the equipment uses.

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2.1.4 GUIDED DRILLING

Guide drilling employs an excavation or soil displacement with compact lightweight rig for
rapid mobilization. Small diameter jets mechanized cutting tools or displacement heads
attached to flexible drill string are positioned to form a bore as the head is thrust forward.
The drilling head is launched from the surface at an inclined angle. Controlling the
orientation of a slant face at the head affects steering in both vertical and horizontal planes.
Monitoring of the alignment takes place using a transmitter in the head and a locating device
at ground level. I having established the pilot bore; back reaming equipment is drawn through
the hole to enable it to accept the product pipe, duct or cable using an impact mole.

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2.2REHABILITATION AND RENOVATION

2.2.1 PIPE BURSTING

Pipe bursting is a trenchless method of replacing buried pipelines (such as sewer, water, or
natural gas pipes) without the need for a traditional construction trench. “Launching and
receiving pits” replace the trench needed by conventional pipe-laying.

There are five key pieces of equipment used in pipe bursting operation the expander head,
pulling rods, a pulling machine, a retaining device, and hydraulic power pack. Today’s
expander heads have a leading end such smaller in diameter than the trailing (bursting) end
small enough to fit through the existing pipe earlier models did not have this feature and lost
course at times, resulting in incomplete pipe bursts and project failures. The transition from
the leading end to the trailing end can include “fins” that make first contact with the existing
pipe. Using these fins as the primary breaking points is a very effective way to ensure that the
pipe is broken along the entire circumference. A machine is set in the receiving pit to pull the
expander head and new pipe into the line. The head is pulled by heavy, interlocking links that
form a chain. Each link weights several hundred pounds. All of the equipment used in a pipe
bursting operation is powered by one or multiple hydraulic power generators.

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2.2.2 PIPE EATING

Pipe eating is a replacement process similar to pipe jacking where powerful jacks force a
pipeline into a bore as the bore created. Also known as pipe replacing, in the pipe eating
process, a drill destroys the pipe and removes its fragments while inserting a new pipeline or
sewer – of the same size or large size or large – in the original bore.
Pipe eating is similar to the pipe bursting and isn’t as unappetizing as it sounds. The old pipe
remains in the ground where its ground into small pieces by drill while a hydraulic jack
forcing a new pipe into place, The flow of drilling fluid from the BHA(bottom hole assembly)
carries the fragments of the old pipe away while the drill and jack continue to ram the new
and possibly larger pipe into place.

2.2.3 RELINING THE EXISTING PIPES

This method requires access, usually by manhole, at both ends of pipe. A flexible liner is
places into the defective pipe and with the use of water under pressure finds its own way and
can pass bends of 90 degree . in place where joints have moved or sections are missing, but
the passage is available, the linear creates a smooth transition. When the linear is in place, it
is heat cured to create a rigid, tough, and smooth inner surface.

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2.2.4 LOCALISED REPAIR

RESIN INJECTION AND CHEMICAL GROUTING AT TROUBLE SPOTS
Local defects may be found in pipes due to cracking or joints failures. Systems are available
for resin injection to seal localized defects inn the range 100mm-600mm diameter. Chemical
grouting with urethane and similar materials are used in sewer rehabilitation. Remote and
man entry grounting of defective joints and cracks may prevents infilteration in pipelines.
The is an inexpensive method of rehabilitating existing systems up to several hundred meters
of length every day from manhole to manhole.

PIPE SLIP LINING: Pipe slip lining is another method used that involves inserting new
smaller pipes in to older, damaged sewer there by replacing the old pipe. But the new smaller
pipe is reduced in diameter.

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MODIFIED SLIP LINING: Modified slip lining utilize the properties of PE or PVC to
allow temporary reduction in diameter or change in shape prior to insertion in the defective
pipe.

The method includes Roll downs, Swage lining and deformed lining. The inserted pipe is
subsequently expanded to form a tight fit against the wall of the original pipe, thus avoiding
the need for annular grouting as conventional slip lining. For roll down and swage lining,
temporary reduction in diameter is achieved either by mechanical rolling (Roll down) or
drawing through a reduction die (swage lining). For deformed linings, the pipe is deformed
and folded immediately after extrusion and is coiled on a drum. After insertion in the
defective pipe, the lining is expanded using steam and a re-rounding device to form a close
fit.

These systems are suitable where the existing line is of good shape. As compared to
conventional slip lining, in this method there is little or no loss of hydraulic capacity.

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3.PRE REQUITIES
Through surveys and sites investigation are essential to the success and efficiency of
trenchless installation repair techniques

1) The survey results help top determine the most appropriate systems.

2) Site investigation to determine the soil and ground water condition. The
investigation methods include geographical surveys, boring and sampling,
measurement of ground water table, test pits and trenches, penetration tests,
examination and investigation of existing structure using ground
penetration testing etc.

3) Inspection to determine the condition of the pipeline.

4) Location survey to determine the position of existing pipelines, other

services and potential obstacles

5) Other geotechnical investigation to decide on the type of equipment and

methodology.

4.TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA

The main Trenchless techniques which are in use in India (included in the above
mentioned methods) are described below.

4.1 DIRECTIONAL DRILLING

Directional drilling involves steerable tunneling systems for both small and diameter
lines. In most cases, it is a two-stage process. The first stage consists of drilling a small
diameter pilot hole along the desired centre line of a proposed line and in the second stage,
the pilot hole is enlarged to the desired diameter to accommodate the utility line and to pull
the utility line through the enlarged hole. The pilot hole is approximately 3 inches in diameter
and is drilled with a specially built rig up with an inclined carriage typically adjusted to
between 5 and 30 degrees, which push the drill rods into the ground. However the optimum
angle is 12 degrees. As the pilot hole is being drilled, bentonite-drilling mud is pumped
down the center of the drill rods. The drill head consists of either a jetting head or drill bit.
In the case of a jetting head, small diameter high-pressure jets of bentonite actually cut the
soil and facilitate spoil removal by washing the cuttings to the surface where they settle out in
a reception pit. In case of drill bit, the bit is driven by a down hole mud motor located just
behind the drill bit from energy derived from the pumped drilling fluid. Before the start of
back reaming the pipeline has to be positioned on rollers in line with the hole to minimize
any axial load on the line.

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Advantages

(1)The major advantage is the speed of installation combined with the minimum
environmental and social impact.

(2) Long and complicated crossings can be accomplished with a great degree of accuracy
since it is possible to monitor and control the drilling operation so that utilities can be fit into
small corridors where little place is available between existing utilities.

(3) Another advantage is that sufficient depth can be accomplished to avoid other utilities.

(4) Limitation of access and reception pits is another advantage.

Disadvantage
(1) Special equipment and very high degrees of operation skill is required.

(2) As the cost of the equipment and the operation are high, bore length should be
sufficient in order for it to be economical.

(3) Mainly steel pipe is being installed by the method.

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4.2 RAMMING
In this method, the pipe is rammed through the soil by using a device attached to the end
of the pipe to drive the pipe through the soil. In this method, the tool does not create a
borehole. It acts as a hammer to drive the pipe through the soil. Compressed air supplied
from an air compressor is generally used as a power source. When ramming pipe, the leading
edge cuts a borehole, the spoils enters the pipe and is compacted as it is being forced to the
rear of the pipe. After the whole length of the pipe is rammed in place, the tool is removed
and the pipe is cleaned out.
The type of pipe installed by the pipe ramming method is limited to steel due to the
application of cyclic impact loads on the pipe. The size of the pipe ranges from 2 inches to
55 inches. This method is capable of installing pipes to over 200 feet (60 meters) in length.

Advantages
The pipe ramming is an effective method for installing medium size pipes. The method is
economic since the equipment cost is not very high and the operation is simple. The pipe can
be installed in one piece or segments. This can be used in almost all types of soils. The
method does not require any thrust reaction structure.

Disadvantages
The major disadvantage is that there is no control over the line and grade and in case of
obstructions like boulders, the pipe may be deflected. Then work should be stopped
immediately. For small diameter pipelines, the method is economical, but for large diameter
pipes, the equipment cost is high.

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4.3MOLING
Moling is a method, which forms the borehole by compressing the earth that
immediately surrounds the compacting device which is an underground piercing (mole) is
propelled by a power source. The tool is streamlined into a bullet or shape. The method is
restricted to relatively small diameter lines in compressible soil conditions.
Compressed air or hydraulic fluid, transmitted to the toot through the flexible hoses,
imparts energy at a blow frequency of 100 to 600 strokes per minute to a reciprocating piston
located inside the nose of the tool. This action results in the tool propelling itself through the
ground. It is applicable in most ground conditions from loose sand to firm clay. The method
required the use of boring and receiving pit. After the operation the unit can be backed out of
the borehole. The tool is removed and the cable is attached to the air hose and pulled back
through the borehole. In the case of rigid pipe, it can simply be pushed through the open
borehole. Any type of pipe or cable can be installed by the method.
Pipe size is generally limited to 6 inches or less. However, modern techniques in mole
manufacturing have increased the ability to make the bores of large sizes. Even though 200
feet (60 meter) bores have been successfully made by this method, the span lengths were
limited to 60 feet (18 meter) with 40 feet being optimum. Again span lengths have increased
with modern advances in mole design.

Advantages
It is a rapid, economic, and effective method of installing small diameter lines. Any
type of utility line can be installed using the method. The stability of the soil around the
borehole is increased due to compaction. The investment in equipment is minimized.

Disadvantages
Compaction methods are limited in their length by reliability because basic systems are
unintelligent, unguided tools that tend to bury themselves, surface in the middle road or
damage existing utility lines.

Moling equipment

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4.4 AUGER BORING

The auger horizontal earth boring is a process of simultaneously jacking casing
through the earth while removing the spoil inside the casing by means of a rotating flight
auger. The auger is a flighted tube having dual functions, firstly it has couplings at each end
that transmit torque to the cutting head from the power source located in the bore pit and
secondly, it serves to transfer spoil back to the machine.
Augur Blades
This method requires bore pit both at the entry and exit points of the bore. The auger-boring
machine consists of the boring machine, casing pipe, cutting head and augers as the major
components. The power source creates the torque, which rotates the auger, which in turn
rotates the cutting head. The cutting head cuts the soil and the soil is transported to the
machine through the casing by means of the auger, which acts as a screw conveyor.
The pipe size that can be installed by this method ranges from 4 inches (100mm) to over
60inches (1500 mm). However, the most common size range is 8 inches(200 mm) to
36 inches(900 mm) and the average bore length ranges between 53 meter and 68 meter,
though with experience and the use of latest techniques up to 180 meter of boring is possible
using auger boring.

Advantage
The major advantage is that the casing is installed at the same time as the borehole excavation
takes place. This method can be used in a wide variety of soil types.

Disadvantages
This method requires different sized cutting heads and auger sizes or each casing diameter,
which increases the investment in equipment. The investment in bore, pit construction, and
the initial setup is also required. In case of soils containing large boulders, this method
cannot be used advantageously.

Augur blade

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5.NEED FOR ADOPTION OF TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY

IN INDIA
In many of the developed countries like Japan, Germany, USA, Holland,UK, and many
European countries even in Singapore and Australia, trenchless technology (“no dig or
minimum digging”) method has been widely used for the last two or three decades. It has to
make its application in populous countries like India and china. Although no comprehensive
code of practice on trenchless technology has been published in any of these countries so far,
the method is well perfected. Equipment is manufactured and widely used. Special materials
like jacking pipelines are manufactured to codes of practice . Even proper geotechnical
investigations and detection equipment are readily available. The cost of doing the job by
trenchless technology is more than for conventional open trench digging method in India,
where labour is cheaper and readily available . If the ‘social coast ‘ is worked out realistically
and added to this coast of doing the job by trenchless technology would be much less or
comparable. Singapore experience shows that over the years of practice and adoption,
trenchless technology is cheaper if not comparable to open cut method.

Environmental pollution control has assumed greater importance universally by all mankind
beyond the narrow political boundaries and this is one of foremost challenges for the 21st
Century for the very survival of human, animals and all plant life on the globe. Compared
traditional open cut method widely used in India and in underdeveloped countries, trenchless
technology accrues numerous economical, ecological and environmental benefits to the
society which needs to be appreciated.

The following are the inherent disadvantages of the open cut method, which are eliminated
by adopting trenchless technology :
1) Traffic hindrance, traffic obstruction, accidents , providing diversions and their
maintenance.
2) Environmental pollution, dust and air pollution by vehicle and machines, noise
pollution, ground and surface water pollution, etc
3) Loss to commerce and industry due to reduced sales, low productivity,
increased consumption of petrol, oil and lubricants.
4) Citizens and society have no bear more burden by way of increased avoidable
cost in repair and rehabilitation roads, compensation for damage, disadvantages
of early availability of utility and hindrances.
5) Hence, there is and immediate need of adoption of trenchless technology in
India selectively and later on a large scale and full application as the expertise I
built up in the country and the industry gears up to cope with materials and
indigenous equipment.

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6.COMPLETED,ONGOING AND UPCOMING TRENCHLESS

PROJECTS IN INDIA
TABLE 1

COMLETED OR ONGOING PROJECT

S. No Project Description Contractor/subcontra owner
ctor
1 Pipeline condition assessment of M/s Pure Kerala water Authority
water lines shows that carrying technologies
capacity of lines have been
reduced by 40%
2 Pipeline condition assessments of Municipal Corporation of greater
man entry sewer lines of upto Mumbai
900mm dia of more than 800km
3 Pipe bursting of sewer line upto Municipal Corporation of greater
300mm dia of around 8km Mumbai
4 Rehabilitation of sewer line upto Municipal Corporation of greater
1050mm dia by machine wound Mumbai
strip lining

5 Rehabilitation of Municipal Corporation of greater

1200,1050,1600mm dia sewer Mumbai
line by GRP stand alone liner
6 Rate contract for Laying of M/s Shanvi Indraprastha gas Limited,iGL
MDPE Network and G.I/Copper construction
installations in NCT of Delhi for
city gas distribution project.
7 PHBPL AUG Project – 3HDD M/s Gypsum Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.
crossings with longest being 2km structural Pvt.Ltd
Ganga river Crossing.
8 Icron – Microtunneling project, M/s Gypsum IRCON International Limited
1200mm ID pipe structural Pvt.Ltd
9 Gujurat Pipavavsea outfall M/s Gypsum
microtunneling project – 3 drives structural Pvt.Ltd
completed july 2012
10 1200mm and 1600mm RCC Pipe M/s Michigan Municipal Corporation of greater
for Gravity sewer mains by engineers Pvt.Ltd. Mumbai
microtunneling

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TABLE-2
Upcoming projects
Sl no Project Contracator/subcontractor owner
1. Single length 525m microtunneling Atoz infracon Pvt Ltd
project of /DN 1800 as casing pipe
crossing water bodies and railway
Tracks and inserting DN 800 HDPE
inside for pressure line as carrier
pipe.
2. Matikata River crossing Trenchless Engineering Pvt. GTCL-
Ltd. Bangladesh
3. Kaussera River-K2 Crossing Trenchless Engineering Pvt. GTCL-
Ltd. Bangladesh
4. Dersher River Crossing Trenchless Engineering Pvt. GTCL-
Ltd. Bangladesh
5. Suti River Crossing Trenchless Engineering Pvt. GTCL-
Ltd. Bangladesh
6. Shila River Crossing Trenchless Engineering Pvt. GTCL-
Ltd. Bangladesh
7. Meghana River Crossing Trenchless Engineering Pvt. GTCL-
Ltd. Bangladesh
8. Mahi River Crossing Trenchless Engineering Pvt. GTCL-
Ltd. Bangladesh
9. Narmada River Crossing Trenchless Engineering Pvt. GTCL-
Ltd. Bangladesh
10. Braahmputra- 2 Crossing Trenchless Engineering Pvt. GTCL-
Ltd. Bangladesh

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7.OPEN TRENCH METHOD:

It is a traditional method of trenching for laying the utility lines below the surface. In present
days, there are many disadvantages and difficulties in adopting this method, mainly in urban
areas.

7.1 DIFFICULTIES IN OPEN TRENCH METHOD

 As the open trench is going to create obstruction on roads that is busy areas,
diversions have to be provided before start of digging work.

 As the obstruction is created the traffic has to be rerouted causing traffic jams.

 Original users of the road have to undergo hardships in the form of additional travel
as well as time.

 Another difficulty, which is encountered very often is the damage caused to other
service lines of cables present underground providing temporary supports to these
lines during the construction is cumbersome and costly affairs.

 While cutting open trenches, trees, shrubs, gardens etc, may have to be destroyed
damaging the environment.

 If any rehabilitation or renovation is required, the trenches once cut and refilled
should again be cut through out and refilled causing difficulties to the public that is
cutting and refilling is required at frequent times.

 Trenches left open overnight should be fenced and barricaded. Hands of mechanical
signs should be used where necessary.

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8. ADVANTAGES OF TRENCHLESS(NO-DIG)
TECHNOLOGY
 It reduce damages of valuable surface.

 It reduces the danger of improperly compacted excavation.

 It saves resources.

 It is accident free.

 It avoids traffic jam

 It saves underground space (pipe busting).

 It reduces the impact on the environment.

 It is possible to lay services lines across railway track, narrow lanes etc, When open
trenching is impossible.

 Presence of canal, pond, river etc across the root poses no problem to the trenchless
technology system.

 Without disturbing the traffic and life on the surface, the lines can be laid below
ground in a much shorter time by using this technology.

 For replacement, repair and rehabilitation of old water and sewer lines in cities, it is
very helpful to use trench less technology without disturbing the normal life on the
surface.

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CONCLUSIONS

With all round developments in various fields like petrochemicals where conveyance of gas,
crude and refined products over long distance is common, telecommunication and power,
water supply and sewerage etc, and mushrooming growth of high-rise buildings in and
around the cities is becoming increasingly necessary that these lines are laid underground
leaving space above surface comparatively free. That is adoption of trenchless technology is
the only remedy. Also of costs benefit analysis of the two systems ( That is open trenching
methods and trenchless technology methods) is conducted, considering both direct and
indirect costs, it will help us make informed divisions on technology selection, under
different circumstances.

By adopting this technology we can successfully implement pipes under the surface without
making any disruption to the environment and public. This enables us to retain our available
resource, thereby, keeping the earth unexcavated.

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REFERENCES

1) A study on trenchless technology: eliminate the need for excavation Hemishkumar

patel, Jayeshkumar pitroda, prof.J.J.Bhavsar
2) Trenchless technology: An overview of the methods by Constro facilitator
3) Studylib.net
4) Trenchless pedia
5) Indian society for trenchless technology
6) Trenchless technology in India (no dig method ) brig D.K.Gunjal, India
7) www.slideshare.net/himanshurao2/trenchless-technology -for-laying-underground-
pipes
8) www.slideshare.net/abhimanyusaraswt/trench-less-technology
9) SCRIBd: trenchless construction techniques
10) The construction journal of India
11) Jagadish Chandra “Trenchless technology in India: Need of the new millennium”
12) Sarkar A.K, “ Trenchless technology and INDST In India”
13) www.isstt.com
14) www.piperehab

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