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Mader Chap028 10eTB
Mader Chap028 10eTB
Mader Chap028 10eTB
Student:_______________________________________________
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5. Which statement is NOT true about invertebrate animals?
A) The majority of animal species are invertebrates.
B) Many invertebrate species live in a marine environment.
C) Most animal phyla are invertebrate.
D) Fossils of all major invertebrate species are known from the start of the
Cambrian period.
E) Invertebrates lack a nervous system.
6. Animals that have three layers of embryonic tissue and have one solid mass of
tissue rather than tissues and organs nestled inside a body cavity are
A) acoelomate.
B) eucoelomate.
C) pseudocoelomate.
D) quasicoelomate.
E) coelomate.
7. Animals that have three layers of embryonic tissue but have organs in a cavity
that is not completely lined with mesoderm are
A) acoelomate.
B) eucoelomate.
C) pseudocoelomate.
D) quasicoelomate.
E) coelomate.
8. Animals that have three layers of embryonic tissue with organs in a cavity that is
completely lined with mesoderm are
A) acoelomate.
B) eucoelomate.
C) pseudocoelomate.
D) quasicoelomate.
E) coelomate.
9. Coelomates that develop with the blastopore becoming the mouth are
A) gastrocoelomate.
B) blastocoelomate.
C) protostomes.
D) deuterostomes.
E) triploblastic.
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10. A recent study of the marine hawksbill turtles' stomach contents revealed that
sponges constitute a major portion of their diet. Sponge beds are generally
protected from predators by their calcium and silica crystals, but these were
found in the turtles' digestive systems. These protective sponge structures are
A) amoebocytes.
B) osculum.
C) choanocytes.
D) spicules.
E) spongin.
11. Press a sponge through a coarse cloth bag and extrude the whole cells through
the holes. The cells then
A) reproduce sexually.
B) die from being separated.
C) form spicules in the pattern of the cloth.
D) all go back to primitive cells and soon differentiate into another sponge.
E) reassemble into a new organized sponge with each cell resuming its original
job.
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14. Which statement about sponges is NOT correct?
A) The larval form is ciliated and able to swim to a suitable location.
B) Sponges are classified on the basis of their type of skeletal material.
C) Sponges resemble a colony of protozoan cells more than a multicellular
animal.
D) Sponges are thought to be on the evolutionary pathway leading to more
complex animals such as corals and worms.
E) Sponges do not have true tissues.
15. Of the following organisms, which is the most evolutionarily advanced, with
more complex body structure?
A) roundworms
B) cnidaria
C) sponges
D) flatworms
E) comb jellies
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19. Which body structure describes the freshwater hydra?
A) a swimming medusa with mouth pointing downward
B) a swimming medusa with mouth pointing upward
C) a sessile medusa with mouth pointing upward
D) a sessile polyp form with mouth pointing downward
E) a freely moving polyp with mouth pointing upward
22. What system do the cnidaria and comb jellies have that sponges lack?
A) respiratory
B) nervous
C) circulatory
D) excretory
E) reproductive
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24. Which statement about cnidaria is NOT true?
A) Reproduction is both sexual and asexual.
B) Some forms are sessile and others are motile.
C) They live in either marine or freshwater environments.
D) Tentacles are used to capture prey and put it into the mouth.
E) The body plan is tube-within-a-tube, with both mouth and anus.
25. Which of the following is correct in matching the common name with a phylum
name?
A) planarian—Nematoda
B) fluke—Platyhelminthes
C) coral—Porifera
D) roundworm—Cnidaria
E) sponge—Anthozoa
28. Flukes are divided into Monogenea and Digenea. Monogenea have a posterior
holdfast with hooks, clamps, and suckers; Digenea have suckers but never hooks
and clamps. Monogenea have only one host in the life cycle, and usually live on
gills or skin of fish and amphibians; Digenea have at least two hosts and often
three or more, and are named because they have two reproductive states in their
life cycle (an adult and intramolluscan phase). From what you now know, the
blood fluke Schistosoma would therefore be
A) an endoparasite and Monogenean.
B) an endoparasite and Digenean.
C) an ectoparasite and Digenean.
D) an ectoparasite and Monogenean.
E) None of the above. Blood flukes are in a group all their own.
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29. A person working in a rice paddy in Asia becomes infected with the liver fluke by
A) eating infected snails.
B) drinking water contaminated with eggs.
C) eating infected undercooked or uncooked fish.
D) swimming or wading in infected water, where the cercariae enter the skin.
E) being bitten by a certain species of mosquito.
30. Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the flatworms?
A) There are three complete tissue layers.
B) Flatworms may be either free-living or parasitic.
C) Flatworms have a sac body plan, with only a mouth and no anus.
D) Parasitic flatworms have a well-developed head with eyespots and nerves
concentrated into a brain.
E) Parasitic flatworms utilize secondary or intermediate hosts.
31. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the flatworms?
A) Tapeworms have a well-developed nervous system.
B) Planaria contain pigmented, photosensitive eyespots.
C) Liver flukes and blood flukes are endoparasites in humans.
D) Schistosomiasis is a common human blood disease caused by flukes in
tropical areas.
E) Tapeworms are hermaphroditic, having both male and female reproductive
structures in each proglottid.
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34. The segments of a tapeworm consisting primarily of eggs, which hang in bags as
a long chain behind the head, are called
A) proglottids.
B) cercariae.
C) sporocysts.
D) scolexes.
E) glycocalyxes.
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39. Which of these parasitic worms is NOT a nematode?
A) Ascaris
B) Trichinella
C) Wuchereria
D) pinworms
E) Schistosoma
41. Elephantiasis is an enlargement of legs, arms, scrotum, and other tissues caused
by
A) an infection of the human coelom by Ascaris.
B) a large number of Trichinella worms encysting in our muscles.
C) contracting a disease that usually occurs in elephants.
D) microscopic roundworms that reproduce and clog lymph glands, causing
limbs to swell.
E) a protozoan that lives in tropical roundworms and, when ingested by
humans, causes muscles to bloat.
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44. Radially symmetrical organisms
A) are organized circularly—all longitudinal cuts result in identical halves.
B) are sometimes sessile.
C) can reach in all directions.
D) lack cephalization.
E) All of the choices are true.
Matching Questions
Use the following diagrams that represent three body plans found in the animal
kingdom to answer questions 45-50:
47. Which of the following animals would have a body plan like the one labeled “C”?
A) cnidarian
B) flatworm
C) roundworm
D) earthworm
E) sponge
48. Which of the following animals would have a body plan like the one labeled “A”?
A) flatworm
B) roundworm
C) rotifer
D) earthworm
E) sponge
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49. The innermost cavity that is common to each of the three body plans is the
A) coelom.
B) pseudocoelom.
C) digestive cavity.
D) gastrovascular cavity.
E) spongocoele.
50. The outermost layer of tissue of each of the diagrams on the previous page is the
A) mesoderm.
B) ectoderm.
C) endoderm.
D) gastroderm.
E) periderm.
53. Similarities between polychaetes and oligochaetes include all of the following
EXCEPT
A) segmentation.
B) closed circulatory system.
C) both are predators.
D) nephridia.
E) ventral solid nerve cord.
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54. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of having a true coelom?
A) Sperm and eggs can be stored before they are released.
B) The digestive system can coil and provide greater surface area.
C) Muscle contractions against the fluid chambers are absorbed and have no
effect.
D) Fluids here can assist respiration and circulation, and accumulate metabolic
wastes.
E) Complex organ systems can develop protected from damage and
temperature changes.
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59. Which characteristic is NOT found in the class Gastropoda?
A) anus directly over the head
B) torsion of the body so that the visceral mass is over the foot
C) mantle may form gills or functional lungs
D) carnivores use the radula to drill holes in shells of bivalves
E) swimming larvae are found in all forms
60. A unique species of snail has been discovered in the Negev Desert. At night,
these snails use a tooth like rasping organ in their head to scrape up porous
limestone; they then digest the algae that lived in the rock pores. This scraping
organ is the
A) labial palp.
B) radula.
C) mantle.
D) tentacle.
E) crop.
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64. The cephalopods resemble other mollusks because they have
A) focusing camera-type eyes.
B) a siphon for jet-propulsion.
C) a parrotlike beak for tearing prey.
D) well-developed brains with high learning capacity.
E) most of the internal organs located in a visceral mass.
66. The larval stage of most marine worms–which is nearly identical to the larvae of
mollusks and which shows their evolutionary relationship–is the
A) bipinnaria larvae.
B) miracidium.
C) cercariae.
D) trochophore larvae.
E) glochidia.
68. The term "Oligochaeta" is based on the Greek root word for
A) earth-worm.
B) large-bristles.
C) head-footed.
D) few-long hair.
E) many-long hair.
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69. A closed circulatory system is found in
A) insects.
B) snails.
C) clams.
D) earthworms.
E) scorpions.
70. The structures that earthworms use to anchor themselves in the earth and pull
themselves along are
A) aortic arches.
B) lateral ventricles.
C) setae.
D) parapodia.
E) nephridia.
71. Nematodes were roundworms that could ''wiggle'' back and forth because an
inelastic cuticle restored the shape when longitudinal muscles relaxed. A
segmented worm
A) works the exact same way.
B) forcibly extends its body by using longitudinal muscles in reverse.
C) contracts circular muscles and forcibly elongates using this hydrostatic
skeleton.
D) has many more longitudinal muscles, giving it more movement ability than
roundworms.
E) contracts circular muscle in order to shorten up.
72. Earthworms secrete the enzyme cellulase to digest the cell walls of plant root
fibers consumed with soil. This enzyme would most likely be found in the
___________ which is responsible for digestion and absorption.
A) nephridia
B) buccal cavity
C) crop
D) intestine
E) esophagus
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73. When an earthworm secretes a slime layer to receive eggs and sperm and form a
''cocoon,'' this secretion is produced by the
A) annulations.
B) peritoneum.
C) clitellum.
D) nephridium.
E) prostomium.
74. Earthworms differ from most of the marine annelids in that earthworms
A) lack setae that marine annelids have.
B) lack paddle-like parapodia that marine annelids have.
C) have segments, whereas marine annelids do not.
D) develop from a larval form, whereas marine annelids do not.
E) have well-developed brains and sensory organs in the head region, whereas
marine annelids do not.
76. Why does the wound from the bite of a leech bleed profusely?
A) The bacteria in leeches prevents clotting.
B) Leech saliva contains a strong anticoagulant.
C) The bite is made underwater, and blood doesn't clot in water.
D) The leech is really feeding on tissue proteins, and the constant cutting at
tissues causes continuous hemorrhaging in water.
E) The leech typically bites into a major artery.
77. With regard to number of species, which of the following is the largest animal
phylum?
A) Mollusca
B) Arthropoda
C) Chordata
D) Echinodermata
E) Annelida
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78. The term "arthropoda" is based on the Greek words for
A) few-bristles.
B) stomach-footed.
C) joint-footed.
D) head-footed.
E) many-bristles.
82. The insect organ most equivalent to the human lung in function is the
A) tracheae.
B) midgut.
C) crop.
D) gizzard.
E) Malpighian tubule.
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83. The major insect body parts are
A) head, cephalothorax, and abdomen.
B) cephalothorax, midsection, and abdomen.
C) head, thorax, and abdomen.
D) head, prothorax, and metathorax.
E) head, cephalothorax, and genitalia.
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88. Which statement about arachnids is NOT true?
A) Ticks and mites are often parasitic.
B) Spiders and scorpions are predators.
C) Spiders have both simple and compound eyes.
D) Spiders have a pair of fangs which release poison.
E) The body parts include a cephalothorax and an abdomen.
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93. Which of the following is NOT a Mollusk?
A) Bivalvia
B) Cephalopoda
C) Echinodermata
D) Gastropoda
E) Polyplacophora (chitons)
94. Earthworms possess all of the fundamental organ systems that reach their full
development in humans. One major difference is
A) an excretory system.
B) a reproductive system.
C) a closed circulatory system.
D) a hydrostatic skeleton.
E) a digestive system with specialized organs.
96. The term based on the Greek words for "spiny skinned" is
A) echinoderm.
B) protostome.
C) cephalochordata.
D) deuterostome.
E) chondrichthyes.
97. Sea stars and sea urchins operate their tube feet by
A) a hydraulic system that regulates water pressure.
B) cilia transporting hemolymph from chamber to chamber.
C) sticky threads leading from the mouth.
D) actin and myosin fibers that slide and give muscle actions to the five arms or
''rays.''
E) forcing seawater through their siphons.
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98. The only one of these phyla with NO terrestrial forms is
A) Echinodermata.
B) Arthropoda.
C) Chordata.
D) Mollusca.
E) Annelida.
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103. Sea Stars are Echinoderms that
A) use a water vascular system for locomotion.
B) have a well developed coelom containing digestive glands and gonads in
each arm.
C) lack a complex respiratory, excretory, or circulatory system.
D) have a one-way digestive tract with a mouth and anus.
E) All of these choices characterize sea stars.
Matching Questions
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108. possess a water-vascular system
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Essay Questions
114. Although the majority of mollusks and annelids are marine or aquatic, both
phyla possess members that made the transition to land, though they remain
somewhat limited in their distribution.
A) Describe the terrestrial members of each phylum, discuss the necessary
adaptations they had to make that allowed them to survive on land and
describe what limitations they face as land animals.
B) Discuss why insects (as members of Arthropoda) were so much more
successful as land animals.
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115. Embryological development patterns are used as a valuable tool for determining
evolutionary relationships. Discuss how body features such as symmetry, germ
layers (endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm) and body cavities give us an idea of the
pattern of evolution from cnidarians to flatworms to roundworms to segmented
worms.
116. All animals no matter how simple must still carry out the basic functions of
respiration, excretion of metabolic wastes, circulation, and digestion (among
others). Choose two of the simple animals below and describe the structures and
processes used by these animals to carry out the four functions mentioned
above.
A) sponge
B) hydra
C) planarian
D) roundworm
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