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MODULE 06

MOMENT OF INERTIA

I. PURPOSE
1) Determine the spiral spring constant.
2) Determine the moment of inertia yourself on the moment of inertia tool.

3) Determine the moment of inertia of each object.

II. TOOLS USED

1) Moment of inertia tool 1 set, 7) Time counter (1),
2) SensorsPhotogate(1), 8) Solid ball (1),
3) Caliper (1), 9) Solid cylinder (1),
4) Mattress strap 1 m, 10) Hollow cylinder (1),
5) Fabric meter (1) 11) Dish (1),
6) Load device 1 set, 12) Solid cone (1).

1
7
9 8

2
10

4 3
6 5
11 12

Figure 6.1.The tools used.

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III. RELATED BASIC CONCEPTS

The motion of an object rotating on a certain axis of rotation can be produced by

applying a forceFworking at a distanceRcertain axis of rotation. If the force F is
perpendicular to R, the magnitude of the moment of force or torque acting on the
object can be written as:

τ-R-F (6.1)

If the torque acts on a system of objects whose rotation is held back by a spiral spring, the
magnitude of the displacement θ will be proportional to the torque, which is given by the
relationship:

τ--- (6.2)

with-is the spiral spring constant. From equations (6.1) and (6.2), obtained:

R
--F (6.3)
-

Equation (6.3) shows that the displacement is proportional to the force, so if we

make a graph we will get the deviation curve for the force in the form of a linear
curve. This linearity will certainly appear as long as it is within the Hooke elasticity
limit of the spiral spring.

d2-
The working torque will produce an angular acceleration acceleration,-- Which
etc2
Its magnitude depends on the moment of inertia of the objectI, which is given by the relation:

d2-
--I (6.4)
etc2

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Equation (6.2) can now be rewritten as:

d2- -
- --0 (6.5)
etc2 I

withIis the moment of inertia of the object about the axis of rotation. Equation (6.4)
is a simple oscillatory motion equation whose solution is a sine or cosine harmonic
function with a period

I
Q-2- (6.6)
-

For a systemNof the particles that make up a rigid body, its moment of inertia is

N
I--m2 1ri (6.7)
i-1

For a rigid body with a continuous distribution of masses, an element of mass is spacedriFrom the

axis of rotation, the moment of inertia of the object can be calculated from:

N
I--r2 i-mi (6.8)
i-1

If -mitaken very small, the moment of inertia can be written:

I--r2dm (6.9)

withdmis the mass element. From the equation for the moment of inertia above, we can
calculate the moment of inertia for various objects, as shown in Table 6.1.

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 Table 6.1Moment of inertia of various continuous objects

No Item Name Axis Location Moment of Inertia

1
1 Solid cylinder mr2
2

1
m-R12-R2-2
Cylinder
2
hollow 2

2
3 Solid ball mr2
5

3
4 Solid cone mr2
10

Table 6.1 shows the system used in this experiment to measure the moment of inertia of
several shapes. Because the system also has a moment of inertia, we must first know the
moment of inertia itself. From equation (6.6), the magnitude of the moment of inertia
itself can be calculated by measuring the oscillation period, namely:

-
I 0- Q02 (6.10)
4-2

withI0is the moment of inertia of self andQ0is the self-period of the moment of inertia measuring

instrument used.

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If an object is attached to the moment of inertia measuring instrument and then
oscillates, then the oscillation period is:
4-2
Q2- (I-I0) (6.11)
-
withQis the period of oscillation andIis the moment of inertia of the object being measured. From
equation (6.10) and equation (6.11), the moment of inertia of the object attached to the moment of inertia
measuring instrument can be calculated by:

-Q2 -
I- - -1-- I0 (6.12)
- Q2
- 0 -

IV. EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE

a. Preparation and Arrangement of Experimental Instruments

1) Weigh all objects whose moment of inertia will be determined! Record the results in
Table 6.2.
2) Measure the height and diameter of each object! Record the results in Table 6.2.

Table 6.2Data on mass and size of objects

Mass Fingers Tall

No. Item Name
(kg) (m) (m)

1. Solid Ball

2. Solid Cylinder

3. R1=
Hollow Cylinder
R2=
4. Small dish
6. Cone

3) Install the moment of inertia device on the stative base. Tie the mattress string to one of
the bolts on the edge of the cylinder holder, then wrap the thread around a few turns as
shown in Figure 6.2.

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 (a) (b)

Figure 6.2Preparation of experimental tools I & II

b. Determination of Spiral Spring Constants

1) Weigh the mass of each load!

2) Make sure the deviation pointer is at zero!
3) Hang one load on the thread, observe the deviation that occurs. take note
as-1 !If necessary, repeat this step 2 times. Average the results
asθrat. Record the results in Table 6.3.
4) Add or replace 1 piece of the next load and record the deviation at
Table 6.3 as-2. .

5) Perform step 4 for the deviation-3 ,-4etc. Record the results in Table
6.3.

Table 6.3Deviation for each additional load.

M Deviation,-(-)
(g) 1 2 -rat

c. Self Determination of Moment of Inertia

1) Reassemble the moment of inertia. Unscrew the thread attached to the cylinder
holder.
2) Install the light gate on the stative base if not already installed. Position it so
that the pointer on the moment of inertia device crosses the light gate.

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 3) Connect the light gate with the AT-01 timer counter (See Fig
6.2b).
4) Connect the timer counter to 220 V AC voltage then turn it on. Select
functionCYCLEby pressing a buttonFUNCTION. Press the CH button.
OVER as much5to limit the ten vibrations to be observed.
5) Rotate the cylinder seat to 270° or more then release it so that a
reciprocating motion or isolation occurs.
6) Observe the timer counter. The timer counter will count down the number of
vibrations. After5vibration tool will automatically display the time
For5vibration. Record the time in Table 6.4 ast1 .
7) Press the buttonFUNCTIONonce to zero the displayed value.
8) Repeat steps 5 to 7, record the time ast2 ,t3 , .... ,t5 .
9) Calculate the average timenvibration, then calculate the period of the oscillation!

Record in Table 6.4 asQ0 .

Table 6.4The period of moment of inertia of self,Q0 .

period self,
Timenvibration(s)
Q0 (s)

t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 tflat

d. Determination of the moment of inertia of the object

1. Install a solid ball on the moment of inertia device!

2. Connect the light gate to the AT-01 timer counter.
3. Connect the timer counter to 220 V AC voltage then turn it on. Select
functionCYCLEby pressing a buttonFUNCTION. Press the buttonCH.
OVER as muchntimes to limitnvibrations to be observed.
4. Deflect the ball 180º or more, then release it so it oscillates. Keep track
of time5vibration indicated by the timer counter on
Table 6.5 ast1 .
5. Press the buttonFUNCTIONonce to zero the displayed value.
6. Repeat steps 6 and 7 5 times! Record these results in Table 6.5.
7. Count the time5average vibration, then calculate the vibration period. Record the
results in Table 6.5.
8. Replace the solid ball with the object in the order in Table 6.5. Do steps 6 to 9
for each object! Record these results in Table 6.5.

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 Table 6.5Period for each object.

Time5vibration(s)
Item Name T(s)
t1 t2 t3 trat
Solid Ball

Solid Cylinder

Hollow Cylinder

disc

Cone

V. FINAL PROJECT AND REPORT

a. Determination of Spiral Spring Constants

1) Calculate the force acting on the tool the moment of inertia due to the load.

2) Calculate torque-(from equation (6.1)).

3) Make tables and graphs of deviationsθ(in radians) to torque-.

4) Determine the spiral spring constant,-.

Table 6.6The tool deviation of the moment of inertia for each force.

m(kg) F(N) --FxR(Nm) -rat--- -(rad)

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b. Self Determination of Moment of Inertia

1. Count the time5average vibration, then calculate the period.

2. Calculate the self moment of inertia (I0 )from the moment of inertia measuring

instrument using equation (6.10).

c. Determination of the moment of inertia of objects

1. Calculate the time of 5 average vibrations, then calculate the period.

2. Using equation (6.12), for each object, calculate the moment of inertia.

3. Using the equations in Table 6.1 and the data in Table 6.2, theoretically
calculate the moment of inertia.

4. Compare the results of (2) with the results of the theoretical calculations.

Table 6.7The moment of inertia of the experimental object.

Item Name -
Itheory kg m2 - -
I kg m2 - KSR(%)
Solid Ball
Solid Cylinder

Hollow Cylinder
disc
Cone
Solid Ball

VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY

1) Cutnell, JD & Johnson, KW , Introduction to Physics (2015), Physics, 10 th edition, John

Wiley & Sons, International student version.

2) Halliday, D., Resnick, R., and Walker, J., Principles of Physics, 10th ed. Extended (2014), John
Wiley & Sons, International student version.

3) Mirajuddin, A., Basic Physics 1 (2016), ITB Publisher.

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