Basic Instruments in the Operating Room

Basic Instruments in the Operating Room A. Cutting or Dissecting Instruments 1.Scalpel -A small straight knife with a thin sharp blade used in surgery and dissection. a. Handle # 3 -blade nos. : 10,11,12,15,16 &17 b.Handle # 4 -blade nos. : 20 and above 2.Mayo Scissors a.Straight Mayo -Used to cut suture and supplies. Also known as: Suture scissors. b.Curved Mayo -Used to cut heavy tissue (fascia, muscle, uterus, breast). 3.MetzenbaumScissors -Used to cut delicate tissue. B. Clamping Instruments 4 Kelly Forceps a.Curved Kellyused to clamp off vessels or tissues such as aorta or uterus. b. Straight Kelly -used to clamp off superficial arteries and vessels on the muscle layers. It is also used in clampingumbilical cord during baby deliveries. 5.Mosquito Forceps

-Mosquito forceps are used for more delicate tissues. They are very fine and straight or curvedhemostatic forceps used during the surgery to control the bleeding of finer vessels or compressing ableeding vessel. 6.Babcock -These forceps are more delicate than Allis but less directly traumatic. They have broad, flared ends withsmooth tips. These forceps are used to atraumatically hold viscera (bladder and bowel). 7. AllisThese forceps have interdigitating short teeth to grasp and hold tissue or bowel. These forceps areslightly traumatic and hold intestine, fascia and skin. 8. T owel Clamps Towel clamp forceps or simply towel clamps are used to maintain surgical towels and drapes in thecorrect position during an operation. 9. Foerster Clamp A foerster clamp is a surgical clamp with a round eyelet. It is commonly used in body piercing,particularly for tongue piercing. 10. T humb Forceps A forcep operated by compression with thumb and forefinger used to hold skin/tissues. 11. T issue Forceps a. T issue Forceps with T eeth

They are used to hold skin/dense tissue. They have interdigitating teeth to hold tissue without slipping. b. T issue Forceps without T eeth They are hinged forceps or locking forceps used for grasping and holding tissue. 12. Russian Forceps Tissue handling forceps with broad, spoon shaped tips, serrated around the edge. 13. Adson Forceps a. Adson with T eeth Standard tissue forceps with the opposing blade surfaces covered with long, needle like teeth used tograsp delicate tissues without slipping

b. Adson without T eeth These forceps are meant for light, careful handling of tissue. 1 4 . Debakey

D elicate surgical thumb forceps with longitudinal ribs, designed for delicate, nontraumatic vascular surgery. 15. M ixter Forceps M ixter forceps are useful for dissecting around venous structures. They are the threading forceps usedfor hemostatic purposes. 16 . Crile-wood Needle H older They lock to hold the needle in a manner which allows the operator to maneuver the needle through thevarious tissues. C. Retractors 17. M alleable Retractor A type of retractor that can be shaped or formed to adjust on changing circumstances. 18. W eitlaner Retractor A self retaining instrument, shaped like a scissors but the blades open when the ratcheted handles areclosed. The blades each have four downward pointing, curved prongs which retain their position in aspread wound. 19. Balfour Retractor Three individually operable, outward -

looking curved loops mounted on a bar. By inserting the bladesinto an incision and spreading them all the incision is opened to give maximum access to tissues below. Available in standard and pediatric sizes, the latter being suitable for a ventral approach to the vocalcords of the horse. 20. Deaver Retractors A D eaver Retractor is used to retract deep abdominal or chest incisions. 21. Richardson Retractors A handheld retractor used to retract deep abdominal incisions. 22. Army Navy Retractor A handheld retractor used to retract shallow or superficial incisions

23. S enn Retractor A handheld instrument with a curled, three pronged claw at one end and a right angled, single blade atthe other. Suitable for short term displacement of soft tissue. 2 4 . G elpi Retractor A self -

retaining with two blades, hinged in the middle, separate as the handles are closed and are heldopen by a rachet. The blades turn down at right angles at their tips, and are bowed towards each other sothat they push the edges of the incision apart and retain themselves in it. 25. Rake Retractor A metallic instrument with prongs set transversely for engaging and retracting soft tissues. E . M iscellaneous Instruments 26. Rib S preader Two broad, curved outward blades which are mounted on a ratcheted bar. Spreading of the ribs can beachieved by inserting the blades through the thoracotomy incision and spreading them manually. 27. Curette A spoon shaped surgical instrument used for cleaning a diseased surface. (e.g. To biopsy a mass in thenose.) 28. Bone Rongeur a multijointed, springloaded, plier like instrument used to break off pieces of bone