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Learning Objectives
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Livestock Production • What are Livestock production

Systems system (LPS)?
• Types of L/S production systems
• Recent trends in L P S
Dr. Muhammad Qamar Shahid

Livestock Production System

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Challenges
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A system in which Livestock and • Human Population growth

their products are being • Urbanization
produced • Changes in food preferences
Defined by environment , inputs and • Growing demand for animal-source
other resources foods
• Environmental sustainability
• carbon-constrained economy
• competition for land and water resources

Classification of LPS
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Grazing
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• On the basis of Land use • Grazing System

–Grazing system –Animals are fed through grazing
–Mixed Farming system –Natural vegetation, seasonal
–Industrial (landless) System –Range lands (herbs and shrubs )
• On the basis of commodity • Very low vegetation
– Milk production system • Sheep, goat, camel, cattle
– Meat production system

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Mixed Livestock Farming

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Industrial or Landless LPS
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• Associated with crop production • Feed is not grown rather imported

• Mixed rain fed from other areas (cities, countries)
–High vegetation • Mainly in poultry
–Pastures • Also very common in Dairy and
–Dairy, beef, sheep, goat feedlot fattening
• Mixed irrigated • High input and high output
– Dairy , beef, sheep, goat

Commodity based LPS

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Dairy Production System in Pakistan
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• Dairy production system 52.6 MT milk (60% Buff, 35% Cow)

• Meat production system • Rural subsistence small holdings
• Large ruminants (camel , cattle) • Rural market oriented small holdings
• Small ruminants (sheep and goat)
• Rural commercial farms:
• Peri-urban commercial dairy farms
• Corporate Dairy Farming

Dairy Production System in Pakistan

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Dairy Production System in Pakistan
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• Rural subsistence small holdings • Rural market oriented small holdings

–3 animals (one in milk ) –5 animals (2-3 in milk )
–Only house hold use –Green fodder and wheat straw
–Little external input –Some concentrate
–No genetic improvement –50% of the total milk produced
–Limited or no land for mixed farming –Limited land

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Dairy Production System in Pakistan

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Dairy Production System in Pakistan
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• Rural commercial farms • Peri-urban commercial dairy farms

–>40 animals –Around big cities
–High input –Industrial system
–Breed improvement –High input (purchased feed)
–Very small share in total milk produced –High returns (no middle man)
–No Breed improvement strategies
–20 % share in total milk

Dairy Production System in Pakistan

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Small Ruminants Production System
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• Corporate Dairy Farming • Nomadic

–New system –Flocks are continuously moving
–Taurine dairy cattle (Holstein , jersey , –No external input
crossbreds) –Small share in meat
–High input
–Negligible share in total milk
–Professional management

Small Ruminants Production System

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Small Ruminants Production System
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• Sedentary system • Rural Small holder

–Flocks are permanent settled –4-5 animals
–Rangelands, crop residues in irrigated –Grazing crop residues and kitchen
areas wastes
–Big share in meat production –Considerable share in meat production

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Small Ruminants Production System

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• Feedlot fattening
–New system
–Young male calves , lams kids procured
from rural
–Reared for short duration
–Balanced feeding, management and
disease control
–Mostly in peri urban
–Moderate to high input