Questions

Q1.
 
Some quantities are vectors, others are scalars.

(a)  Complete the table ticking the boxes to show which quantities are vectors and which are scalars.
One has been done for you.
(2)

(b)  A car travels at 20 m/s.

The mass of the car is 1500 kg.
(i)  State the equation linking momentum, mass and velocity.
(1)

(ii)  Calculate the momentum of the car.

(2)

momentum = ........................................................... kg m/s

(c)  In a crash test, a car runs into a wall and stops.

The momentum of the car before the crash is 22500 kg m/s.

The car stops in 0.14 s.
(i)  Calculate the average force on the car during the crash.
(2)

average force = ........................................................... N

(ii)  Use ideas about momentum to explain how seat belts can reduce injuries to passengers during a
crash.
(3)
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(Total for question = 10 marks)
Q2.
 
(a)  A boy of mass 43.2 kg runs and jumps onto a stationary skateboard.

The boy lands on the skateboard with a horizontal velocity of 4.10 m/s.
(i)  State the relationship between momentum, mass and velocity.
(1)
(ii)  The skateboard has a mass of 2.50 kg.
Using ideas about conservation of momentum, calculate the combined velocity of the boy and
skateboard just after the boy lands on it. [m1U1 + m2U2 = (m1 +m2) V ]

Boy+skateboard
(43.2*4.10)+0
177.12=(43.2+2.50)v
177.12=45.7*v
V=177.12/45.7
V=3.88m/s

combined velocity = . 3.88.......................................................... m/s

(b)  The boy holds a heavy ball as he stands on a stationary skateboard.
The boy throws the ball forwards while still standing on the skateboard.

Explain what happens to the boy and the skateboard.

(2)
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(Total for question = 7 marks)
 

Q3.
 
The photograph shows a hammer just before it hits a nail.

(a)  The mass of the hammer is 0.50kg.

When it hits the nail, the hammer is travelling downwards with a velocity of 3.1m/s.
(i)  State the relationship between momentum, mass and velocity.
(1)

(ii)  Calculate the momentum of the hammer.

(2)

momentum = ........................................................... kg m/s

(iii)  The hammer stops quickly when it hits the nail.
The momentum of the hammer reduces to zero in 0.070s.

Calculate the amount of force that causes this to happen.

(2)
 force = ........................................................... N

(b)  As it enters the wood, the nail exerts a force on the wood.
At the same time, the wood exerts a force on the nail.

Explain how these two forces are related.

(2)
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Q4.

A bowling ball rolls for 3 s and hits a pin.

The graph shows how the velocity of the ball changes with time.
 (a) How can the graph be used to find the distance that the ball rolls before it hits the pin?
(1)
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(b) The mass of the ball is 6.4 kg.

(i) State the equation linking momentum, mass and velocity.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the momentum of the ball before it hits the pin.
Give the unit.
(3)

Momentum = ........................................................... Unit ...........................................................

 (c) (i) What is the velocity of the ball after it hits the pin?
(1)

Velocity = ........................................................... m/s

(ii) After the collision, the ball and the pin have the same velocity.
Calculate the mass of the pin. [ m1U1 + m2U2 = (m1 +m2) V]
(3)

Mass = ........................................................... kg

(Total for question = 9 marks)

Q5.
 
An ice skater throws a 0.23 kg snowball with a velocity of 13 m/s.

(a)  (i)  State the equation linking momentum, mass and velocity.

(1)

(ii)  Calculate the initial momentum of the snowball.

(2)
 initial momentum = ....................................... kg m/s

(b)  When the skater throws the snowball forwards, she slides backwards on the ice.
Explain why she moves in this direction.
(3)
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(c)  The skater wears soft knee pads that compress easily.

Explain how the pads protect her knees when she falls on the ice.
(3)
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(Total for question = 9 marks)
 
Mark Scheme
Q1.
Q2.
 

Q3.
 
 
(Total for question = 9 marks)
 Q4.

Q5.
 
 
Total 9 marks