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1.0 Matter
1.1 Atoms and Molecules
1.1(a) Write isotopic notation. Lecture
Lecture &
1.1(b) Interpret mass spectrum.
Tutorial
1.1(c) Calculate the average atomic mass of an element given the relatives
Tutorial
abundances of isotopes or a mass spectrum.
1.2 Mole Concept
1.2(a) Define the term empirical and molecular formulae. Lecture
1.2(b) Determine empirical and molecular formulae from mass composition or
Tutorial
combustion data.
1.2(c) Determine a molecular formula from experiment. Tutorial
1.2(d) Define each of the following concentration measurements: Molarity(M),
Molality(m), Mole fraction(X)** Lecture
1.2(d)** Percentage by mass(% w/w), Percentage by volume (% v/v)
1.2(e) Calculations for each of the following concentration measurements:
Molarity(M), Molality(m),**
Tutorial
1.2(e)** Mole fraction(X), Percentage by mass(% w/w), Percentage by volume (%
v/v)
1.3 Stoichiometry
1.3(a)(i) Write and balance: i. chemical equation by inspection method Lecture
1.3(a)(ii) Write and balance: ii. redox equation by ion-electron method in acidic and Lecture &
basic medium. Tutorial
1.3(b) Define limiting reactant and percentage yield. Lecture
1.3(c) Perform stoichiometric calculations using mole concept including limiting
Tutorial
reactant and percentage yield.

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2.0 Atomic Structure
2.1 Bohr’s atomic model
2.1(a) Describe Bohr’s atomic model. Lecture
2.1(b) Explain the existence of energy levels in an atom. Lecture
2
2.1(c) Calculate the energy of an electrons using : En= -RH( 1/n ) ,
Lecture
RH=2.18 x 10-18J
2.1(d) Describe the formation of line spectrum of hydrogen atom. Lecture
2.1(e) Illustrate the formation of Lyman, Balmer, Paschen, Brackett and Pfund
Lecture
series.
2.1(f) Calculate the energy change of an electron during transition :
Tutorial
∆E=( 1/ni2- 1/nf2 ) , RH=2.18 x 10-18J
2.1(g) Calculate the photon of energy emitted by an electron that produces a
Tutorial
particular wavelength during transition. ∆E=hv, v=c/?
2 2
2.1(h) Perform calculations involving the Rydberg equation. 1/?=RH( 1/n1 - 1/n2 Tutorial
2.1(i) Calculate the ionisation energy of hydrogen atom from Lyman series. Tutorial
2.1(j) State limitation of Bohr’s atomic model. Lecture
2.1(k) State the dual nature of electron using de Broglie’s Postulate and
Lecture
Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle.
2.2 Quantum mechanical model
2.2(a) Define the term orbital. Lecture
2.2(b) Explain all four quantum numbers of an electron in an orbital: i. principal
Lecture
quantum number, n; **
2.2(b) ** ii. angular momentum quantum number, l ;iii. magnetic quantum number,
Lecture
m ;iv. electron spin quantum number, s.
2.2(c) Sketch the 3-D shapes of s , p and d orbitals. Lecture
2.3 Electronic Configuration
Lecture &
2.3(a) Explain Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule and Pauli’s Exclusion Principle .
Tutorial
2.3(b) Predict the electronic configuration of atoms and monoatomic ions using
Tutorial
spdf notation
2.3(c) Justify the anomalous electronic configuration of chromium and copper. Tutorial

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3.0 Periodic Table
3.1 Classification of Elements
3.1(a) Describe period, group and block (s,p,d,f) . Lecture
3.1(b) Deduce the position of elements in the periodic table from its electronics
Lecture
configuration.
3.2 Periodicity
3.2(a) Describe the variation in atomic radii; i.across periods; ii.across the first row
Lecture
of transition elements; iii.down a group
3.2(b) Analyse the variation in atomic radii; i.across periods; ii.across the first row of
Tutorial
transition elements; iii.down a group
3.2(c) Compare the atomic radius of an element and its corresponding ionic radius. Tutorial
3.2(d) Define the term isoelectronic Lecture
3.2(e) Compare the radius of isoelectronic spesies. Tutorial
3.2(f) Analyse the variation in the ionic radii across period 2 and 3. Tutorial
3.2(g) Define the first and second ionisation energies. Lecture
3.2(h) Analyse the variations in the first ionisation energy across a period and down
Tutorial
a group.
3.2(i) Explain the increase in the successive ionisation energies of an element. Tutorial
3.2(j) Deduce the electronic configuration of an element & its position in the
Tutorial
periodic table based on successive ionisation energy data.
3.2(k) Define electronegativity. Lecture
3.2(l) Explain the variation in electronegativity of elements Lecture
Lecture &
3.2(m) Explain the acid-base character of oxides of elements in period 3.
Tutorial

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4.0 Chemical Bonding
4.1 Lewis Structure
4.1(a) Write the Lewis symbol for an atom. Lecture
4.1(b) State the octet rule and describe how atoms obtain the octet configuration. Lecture
4.1(c) Describe the formation of the following bonds using Lewis symbol : i. Ionic or
Lecture &
electrovalent bond;**
Tutorial
4.1(c)** ii. Covalent bond; iii. Dative or coordinate bond
Lecture &
4.1(d) Draw Lewis structure of covalent species with single, double and triple bonds.
Tutorial
4.1(e) Compare the bond length between single, double and triple bonds. Lecture
4.1(f) Determine the formal charge and the most plausible Lewis structure. Tutorial
4.1(g) Explain the exception to the octet rule: incomplete octet, expanded octet and
Lecture
odd number electrons.
4.1(h) Illustrate the concept of resonance using appropriate examples. Tutorial
4.2 Molecular shape and polarity
4.2(a) Explain Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory (VSEPR). Lecture
4.2(b) Draw the basic molecular shapes: linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal
Lecture
bipyramidal & octahedral.
4.2(c) Predict and explain the shapes of molecule and bond angles in a given
Tutorial
species.
Lecture &
4.2(d) Explain bond polarity and dipole moment.
Tutorial
4.2(e) Deduce the polarity of molecules based on the shapes and the resultant
Tutorial
dipole moment.
4.3 Orbital overlap and hybridisation
4.3(a) Draw and describe the formation of sigma (s) and pi (p) bonds from
Lecture
overlapping of atomic orbitals.
4.3(b) Describe the formation of hybrid orbitals of a central atom: sp,, sp 2 ,sp 3 ,
Tutorial
sp 3 d, sp 3 d 2 using appropriate examples.
4.3(c) Illustrate the hybridisation of the central atom and the overlapping of orbitals
Tutorial
in molecules.
4.4 Intermolecular forces
4.4(a) Describe intermolecular forces: i. van der Waals forces(dipole-dipole
interactions or permanent dipole** Lecture
4.4(a)**& London forces or dispersion forces); ii hydrogen bonding
4.4(b) Explain factors that influence van der Waals forces & Hydrogen bond. Tutorial
4.4(c) Relate the effects of hydrogen bonding on the following physical propetties: i.
boiling point;** Tutorial
4.4(c)**ii. solubility; iii. density of water compared to ice.
4.5 Metallic bond
4.5(a) Explain the formation of metallic bond by using electron sea model. Lecture
4.5(b) Relate metallic bond to the properties of metal: i.malleability; ii.ductility,
Tutorial
iii.electrical conductivity; iv.thermal conductivity
4.5(c) Explain the factors that affect the strength of metallic bond. Lecture

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4.5(d) Relate the boiling/melting point to the molecular structure, types of
bonding**
Tutorial
4.5(d) **and intermolecular forces for elements of: i.period 3; ii. Group 1; iii. Group
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5.0 States of Matter
5.1 Gas
5.1(a) Explain qualitatively the basic assumptions of kinetic molecular theory of
Lecture
gases for an ideal gas
5.1(b) Define gas laws: i. Boyle's law; ii. Charles's law iii. Avogadro's law Lecture
5.1(c) Sketch and interpret the graphs of Boyle’s and Charles’s laws. Lecture
5.1(d) Perform calculations involving gas laws and ideal gas equation. Tutorial
5.1(e) Determine molar mass of a volatile liquid using ideal gas equation. Tutorial
Lecture &
5.1(f) Define and perform calculation using Dalton’s law
Tutorial
5.1(g) Explain the ideal and non-ideal behaviours of gases in terms of
Lecture
intermolecular forces and molecular volume.
5.1(h) Explain the conditions at which real gases approach the ideal behavior. Lecture
5.2 Liquids
5.2(a) Relate the properties of liquid to intermolecular forces, molecular Lecture
5.2(a)**molecular motion in explaining shape,volume,surface tension, viscosity,
5.2(b) Explain vaporisation & condensation processes based on kinetic molecular
Lecture
theory & intermolecular forces.
5.2(c) Define vapour pressure and boiling point. Lecture
5.2(d) Explain boiling point. Lecture
5.2(e)(i) Illustrate relationship between intermolecular forces and vapour pressure.*
Lecture
5.2(e)(ii)* Illustrate relationship between vapour pressure and temperature.
5.3 Solid
5.3(a) Explain the fixed-shaped of a solid. Lecture
5.3(b) Apply the kinetic concepts to explain the following process: i. freezing
(solidification);** Lecture
5.3(b)** ii. melting (fusion); iii . Sublimation, iv. deposition
5.3(c) Differentiate between amorphous and crystalline solids. Lecture
5.3(d) State the following types of crystalline solids with appropriate examples: i.
metallic; ii. Ionic;** Lecture
5.3(d)**iii. molecular covalent; iv. giant covalent
5.4 Phase diagram
5.4(a) Define phase, triple point and critical point Lecture
5.4(b) Identify triple and critical point on the phase diagram. Lecture
5.4(c) Sketch and differentiate the phase diagram of H2O and CO2. Lecture
5.4(d) Compare the phase diagram of H20 with C02 and explain the anomalous
Tutorial
behaviour of H20.
5.4(e) Describe the changes in phase with respect to: i. temperature (at constant Lecture &
pressure); ii. pressure (at constant temperature) Tutorial

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6.0 Chemical Equilibrium
6.1 Dynamic Equailibrium
6.1(a) Explain th e following terms: i. reversible reaction; ii. dynamic equilibrium; iii.
Lecture
law of mass action
6.1(b) State the characteristics of a system in equilibrium. Lecture
6.1(c) Interpret the curve of concentration reactants and products against time for a
Lecture
reversible reaction.
6.2 Equilibrium Constants
6.2(a) Define homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria. Lecture
6.2(b) Write expressions for equilibrium constants in terms of concentration, K c and
partial pressure, K p** Lecture
6.2(b)** for homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.
6.2(c) Use the equation, K p = K c (RT)∆n to solve equilibrium problems. Lecture
6.2(d) Calculate K c, K p and the quantities of species present at equilibrium. Tutorial
6.2(e) Determine the degree of dissociation, a. Tutorial
6.2(f) Predict the direction of net reaction by comparing the values of reaction
Tutorial
quotient Q and K.
6.3 Le Chatelier’s
6.3(a) State Le Chatelier’s principle. Lecture
6.3(b) Explain the effect of the following factors on a system at equilibrium using Le Lecture &
Chatelier’s principle:* Tutorial
Lecture &
6.3(b) *to explain the effect of the following factors on a system at equilibrium:**
Tutorial
6.3(b)**i.concentration of reacting species; ii.pressure by changing volume; Lecture &
v.temperature; vi.catalyst*** Tutorial
6.3(b)***iii. Addition of inert gas at constant volume iv. addition inert gas at
Tutorial
constant pressure

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7.0 Ionic Equilibria
7.1 Acids & Bases
7.1(a) Define acid and base according to the Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry. Lecture
7.1(b) Identify conjugate acid and conjugate base according to Bronsted-Lowry
Lecture
theory.
7.1(c) Relate pH and pOH to the ionic product of water, K w at 25°C. Lecture
7.1(d) Define strong acid and base, weak acid and base, pH, pOH and pKw. Lecture
7.1(e) Calculate the pH values of a strong acid and base. Lecture
7.1(f) Relate the strength of a weak acid and a weak base to the respective
Tutorial
dissociation constants, K a and K b .
7.1(g) Perform calculations involving pH, dissociation constant, initial
concentration,** Tutorial
7.1(g)** equilibrium concentration and the degree of dissociation, a.
7.1(h) Explain qualitatively salt hydrolysis using hydrolysis equations and classify the
salts formed from the**
Lecture
7.1(h)**reaction between:i.strong acid & strong base;ii.strong acid and weak
base;iii.weak acid and strong base
7.1(i) Define buffer solution. Lecture
7.1(j) Describe how a buffer solution controls its pH. Tutorial
7.1(k) Write the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for a given buffer solution. Lecture
7.1(l) Calculate the pH of buffer solutions using the Henderson-Hasselbalch
Tutorial
equation before & after the addition of strong acid/base.
7.2 Acid-Base Titrations
7.2(a) Describe the titration process. Lecture
7.2(b) Distinguish between the end point and equivalence point. Lecture
7.2(c) Sketch and interpret the variation of pH against titre value for titrations
between:**
Lecture
7.2(c)** i. strong acid-strong base; ii. strong acid-weak base; iii. weak acid-strong
base
7.2(d) Identify suitable indicators for acid-base titrations. Lecture
7.3 Solubility Equilibria
7.3(a) Define solubility, molar solubility and solubility product, K sp. Lecture
7.3(b) Calculate K sp from concentrations of ions and vice versa. Tutorial
7.3(c) Predict the possibility of precipitation of slightly soluble ionic compounds by
Tutorial
comparing the values of ion-product, Q to K sp.
7.3(d) Define and explain the common ion effect. Lecture
7.3(e) Perform calculations related to common ion effect. Tutorial

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