Seam 6

(Semi final – Module 5th Issue)

CM ALBERT U. SALUD
( Instructor)

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Name of Student

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Target Time Frame:
Approach: Distance Learning

Learning Strategy: Worksheets, PDF saved in USB to be

picked-up at the office of Director of Academics every two weeks
(Wednesday).

STABLE OF CONTENTS

Learning Outcomes ………………………………

Introduction ………………………………………..

Lesson 5 - Stability and Tonnage Measurement…

Topic
Description of Ship Stability ……………………..

Assessment # 05.........................................

Laboratory Instruction …………………………….

Reference ………………………………………….

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Learning Outcome: At the end of this module, the
student should be able to:

1. learn the description of ship stability and trim.

2. to be able to understand ship weight and tonnage

measurement.

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Introduction:
Ship stability
Description
Ship stability is an area of naval architecture and ship
design that deals with how a ship behaves at sea, both in
still water and in waves, whether intact or damaged.
Stability calculations focus on centers of gravity, centers of
buoyancy, the metacenters of vessels, and on how these
interact. 

What is the trim of a ship?

The trim of a ship describes its floating position in length
direction, namely if the bow or the aft of the ship is deeper
submerged into the water. The trim can have a significant
impact on a vessel's energy demand for propulsion during
sailing.

The trim of a ship is the difference between the forward

and aft draft. When the aft draft is greater the vessel is
deemed to have a positive trim, and it has a
negative trim when the forward draft is the greater. In
such a case it is often referred to as being down-by-the-
head.

How is trim calculated on a ship?

As specified earlier, the draft measured is at the location
of the LCF of the vessel. The following picture depicts the
mean draft and the total trim of the vessel. We can see
that the total trim is t = tf – ta which is measured over the
length between perpendiculars (LBP) of the vessel.
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Understanding Ship Weight and
Tonnage Measurements
Gross register tonnage (GRT, grt, g.r.t., gt) or gross
registered tonnage, is a ship's total internal volume
expressed in "register tons", each of which is equal to 100
cubic feet (2.83 m3). Gross register tonnage uses the
total permanently enclosed capacity of the vessel as its
basis for volume.

What is the difference between gross tonnage and gross

registered tonnage?
Gross tonnage is calculated based on "the moulded
volume of all enclosed spaces of the ship" and is used to
determine things such as a ship's manning regulations,
safety rules, registration fees, and port dues, whereas
the older gross register tonnage is a measure of the
volume of only certain enclosed spaces.

What is GT and NT?

GT, the magic measurement based on which various dues
will be levied and some statutory requirements imposed, is
a factor of the internal volume of the permanently
enclosed spaces of a ship from keel to funnel, while NT is
the measure of the volume capacity of the permanently
enclosed spaces of the vessel from keel to ...24 Oct 2012

What is the difference between deadweight and gross

tonnage?
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Gross tonnage is a volumetric measurement of the
enclosed space in a ship. It has NOTHING to do with
weight. The unit used is the gross TON. Deadweight
tonnage is the WEIGHT in metric TONNES (1,000 kg) of
cargo, fuel and stores that will put the ship down to its
loadline marks.

What is the difference between deadweight and gross

tonnage?
Gross tonnage is a volumetric measurement of the
enclosed space in a ship. It has NOTHING to do with
weight. The unit used is the gross TON. Deadweight
tonnage is the WEIGHT in metric TONNES (1,000 kg) of
cargo, fuel and stores that will put the ship down to its
loadline marks.

Gross register tonnage (GRT):

Gross register tonnage (GRT) and net register tonnage

(NRT) have been replaced by gross tonnage (GT) and net
tonnage (NT) which express the size and volume of a ship
as a simple dimensionless figure.

How do you calculate DWT?

To calculate the Deadweight tonnage figure, take the
weight of a vessel that is not loaded with cargo and
subtract that figure from the weight of the vessel loaded to
the point where it is immersed to the maximum safe depth.

What is deadweight?

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 The deadweight is the difference between the
displacement and the mass of empty vessel (lightweight)
at any given draught. It is a measure of ship's ability to
carry various items: cargo, stores, ballast water, provisions
and crew, etc.

What does NT stand for in weight?

Net tonnage (often abbreviated as NT, N.T. or nt) is a
dimensionless index calculated from the total moulded
volume of the ship's cargo spaces by using a
mathematical formula.

How big is a 100 gross ton vessel?

1 How big is a 25/50/100-ton vessel? A 25-ton
vessel can be 40-65 feet depending on how its built. A 50-
ton vessel can be 50-70 feet depending on the
type vessel and material it is built with. A 100-ton
vessel can be 65 feet or more depending on its
construction and commercial uses.

How do you find the gross tonnage of a vessel?

The basic Simplified tonnage
formula for gross register tons of a twin hull vessel is:
1. GRT = (2 x Hull Volume + Deckhouse Volume)/100.
2. Hull Volume = S x K x L x B1 x D.
3. B1 = breadth of the individual hulls.

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What does displacement mean in ships?
displacement tonnage
The displacement or displacement tonnage of a ship
is its weight. As the term indicates, it is measured
indirectly, using Archimedes' principle, by first calculating
the volume of water displaced by the ship, then
converting that value into weight.

Do you know the difference between Net Tonnage and

Lightweight Tonnage?  By my count there are at least
eight different ways a vessel’s “tonnage” is measured in
regards to ships, MODUs, and other types of commercial
vessels (Displacement Tonnage, Standard Displacement
Tonnage, Deadweight Tonnage, Lightweight
Tonnage, Gross Tonnage, Net Tonnage, Gross Registered
Tonnage, and Net Registered Tonnage).
If you’re a little confused about what all these different
units of measurement mean, here’s a quick guide to help
straighten you out the next time someone asks you “how
much your ship weighs”.

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What is Displacement Tonnage:

Displacement tonnage is nothing more than the total

weight of the volume of water a ship “displaces” when it is
sitting in the water.

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Standard Displacement Tonnage

Standard displacement tonnage is basically the same

thing as “displacement tonnage” with one minor difference.
When calculating standard displacement tonnage, you
subtract the weight of any fuel and potable water carried
on board the ship.

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Lightweight Tonnage

Do you know the difference between Net Tonnage and

Lightweight Tonnage?  By my count there are at least
eight different ways a vessel’s “tonnage” is measured in
regards to ships, MODUs, and other types of commercial
vessels (Displacement Tonnage, Standard Displacement
Tonnage, Deadweight Tonnage, Lightweight
Tonnage, Gross Tonnage, Net Tonnage, Gross Registered
Tonnage, and Net Registered Tonnage).
If you’re a little confused about what all these different
units of measurement mean, here’s a quick guide to help
straighten you out the next time someone asks you “how
much your ship weighs”.

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Deadweight Tonnage:

Deadweight tonnage is the weight (in tons) of all the cargo, fuel,
dry provisions, supplies, etc. carried on board the ship. In other
words, it is the “displacement tonnage” of the vessel minus the
“lightweight tonnage” (see lightweight tonnage below). 
Deadweight tonnage is a good indication for ship owners and
clients of how much revenue the vessel is capable of generating.

What is a deadweight?
1 : the unrelieved weight of an inert mass. 2 : dead load. 3 : a
ship's load including the total weight of cargo, fuel, stores, crew,
and passengers.

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How to calculate deadweight tonnage?

It is a measure of a ship's ability to carry various items:

cargo, stores, ballast water, provisions, and crew, etc. A
large part of the deadweight is used for water ballast
necessary to meet stability requirements. To calculate
the Deadweight tonnage figure, take the weight of a
vessel that is not loaded with cargo and subtract that
figure from the weight of the vessel loaded to the point
where it is immersed to the maximum safe depth. Only in
the case of heavy loads put at the bottom of the hold,
greater deadweight translates automatically into greater
amounts of cargo.

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 Gross Tonnage is a measure of the ships total interior
volume and is calculated by multiplying the interior volume
“V” of the ship in cubic meters by a variable known as “K”
(which varies depending on the ships overall volume).

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What is Net Tonnage:
Gross Tonnage is not to be confused with Gross
Registered Tonnage which is explained below.

Similar to Gross Tonnage, Net Tonnage is a measure of

the total interior volume of a ship’s cargo spaces and is
calculated in much the same way.  The total volume of
designated cargo spaces in cubic meters is then multiplied
by myriad factors resulting in an official net tonnage value.
The actual calculation of Net Tonnage is one of the more
complicated tonnages to calculated and beyond the scope
of this article but takes into account factors such as
moulded draft and the number of passengers a vessel is
rated to carry.

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How do you calculate tonnage?
Length in feet x Width in feet x Depth in feet (inches
divided by 12). Take the total and divide by 21.6 (the
amount of cubic feet in a ton). The final figure will be the
estimated amount of tons required.

How is LDT calculated on a ship?

Light Displacement tonnage (LDT) : Displacement is the
actual total weight of the vessel. It is often expressed in
long tons or in metric tons, and is calculated simply by
multiplying the volume of the hull below the waterline (ie.
the volume of water it is displacing) by the density of the
water.

What is NRT of a ship?

Net register tonnage (NRT, nrt, n.r.t.) is a ship's cargo
volume capacity expressed in "register tons", one of which
equals to a volume of 100 cubic feet (2.83
m3). ... Net tonnage is thus used in situations where
a vessel's earning capacity is important, rather than its
mere size.

What is GRT mean?

Gross register tonnage
Gross register tonnage (GRT, grt, g.r.t., gt) or gross
registered tonnage, is a ship's total internal volume
expressed in "register tons", each of which is equal to 100
cubic feet (2.83 m3).
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What is the difference between deadweight and gross
tonnage?
Gross tonnage is a volumetric measurement of the
enclosed space in a ship. It has NOTHING to do with
weight. The unit used is the gross TON. Deadweight
tonnage is the WEIGHT in metric TONNES (1,000 kg) of
cargo, fuel and stores that will put the ship down to its
loadline marks.

Assessment # 05
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 Directions: Answer the following question. Put your
answer on the space provided.

1) Enumerate the different tonnage measurement of ship and

define each of them? (5 points each)
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2) How do you calculate ship tonnage? Explain? (10 points)

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Laboratory Instructions:
No laboratory activities as per CHED/MARINA
guidelines. You will be notice accordingly when will the
laboratory exercises resume.

Reference:
Stability and Trim by Limic Calzada, Andres Hilario,
Rafael Quirikiol, Aaron Templa

Prepared by: Checked by:

C/M Albert U. Salud Capt. Juan P. Iñigo Jr.

Instructor Dean Maritime Education

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Approved by:
Dr. Alfredo Aquino
VPAA

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