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11 Brian
Robinson ,
“Mushrooms and economic returns under management regimes ," in Jvlushrooms
in forests and ed. Anthony Cunningham and Xuefei Yang, 194 - 195 (New
York: Routledge ,

http://www.matsiman.com/matsiman.htm.
2 Lu-Min Vaario , Al exis Norihisha Matsushita, Kazuo and
Frédéric Lapeyrie,“Saprobic potential of Tricholoma matsutake: Growth over pine bark
treated with surfactams," Mycorrhiza 12 (2002): 1 - 5.
3 Vaario , Taina Pennanen, Tytti Eira-Maija Savonen, and
Jussi Heinonsalo,“Ectomycorrhization of Tricholoma matsutake and two major conifers in
Finland-an assessment of in vitro mycorrhiza formation ," 20 , no. 7 (2010):

4 Heikki
local resources: The tourism route to development in Kolari , Lapland, Finland," in Lo-
cal economic development, ed. Cecily Neil and Markku Tykkläinen, 269 - 289 (Tokyo:
United Nations
5

Ursula Le Guin,“The carrier bag theory of fiction ," in Dancing at the edge 01
165 - 170 (New York: Grove Press , 1989) , on 167 - 168.
Yunnan province, China," Ecology and Society 14, no. 2 (2009): 30; Xuefei Yang, Jun He ,
Chun Li, Jianzhong Ma, Yongping and Jian'...chu Xu ,“Management of matsutake
in NW-Yunnan and key issues for its sustainable utilization ," in Sino-German symposium
on the sustainable harvest o[ non-timber flrest products in Christoph Kl einn ,
Yongping Yang , Horst Weyerhaeuser, and Marco Stark, 48 - 57 (Göttingen: World
Agroforestry Centre, 2006); Jun He ,“ Globalised forest-products: Commodifìcation of
the matsutake mushroom in Tibetan villages , Yunnan , southwest China," International
Forestry Review 12, no. 1 (2010): 27 - 37; Jianchu Xu and David R. Melick,“ Rethin.king
the of public protected areas in southwestern China," Conservation Biology
21 , no. 2 (2007): 318 - 328.
5 Su Kai-mei , Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences , interview,
Yu-hua , Shi Ting-you , Bai Yong-shun , Su Kai-mei , Mu Yu1
Duan Xing-
model of contracting mountain and forest about utilization under natural
Prefecture" [in ChineseJ, Forest Inventory and Planning 3 (2007):
87 - 89; Li Shu-hong, Chai Hong-mei , Su Kai-mei , Zhing Ming-hui , and Zhao Yong-
chang,“ Resources investigation and sustainable suggestions on the wild mushrooms in
Jianchuan" [in Chinese) , Edible Fungi o[China 5
6 Yang et al.,“ Common and privatized," and Y. Yang et al.,“ Discussion on
management model." Very governance over matsutake harvesting- with much
more communal control-characterizes the Diqing Tibetan area ofYunnan, where most
foreign researchers gravitate. Menzies , Our flres t; Emily claims , conflicts ,
and commodifìcation: The political ecology of Tibetan mushroom-harvesting villages in
Yunnan province, China," China Quarterly 161 (2000): 212 - 226.
7
Menziesand Li, "One eye on the forest" (cited in
chap.16 , n. 7); Nicholas K. Menzies and Nancy Lee Peluso ,“Rights of access to upland
forest resources in sourhwest China," Journal o[ Wo rld Forest Resource Management 6
(1 99 1): 1 - 20.
8
9 David Arora (“ Houses" [cited in chap. 16, n. 25]
2 Kokki Goto (edited, annotated , and with an introduction by Motoko Shimagami) ,'“lriai
forests have sustained the livelihood and autonomy of villagers': Experience of commons
in Ishimushiro hamlet in northeastern Japan ," working paper no. 30 , Mrasian Center for
Peace and Development Studies, Ryukoku University, 2007, 2 - 4.
3 Ibid. ,16.
4 Haruo Saito , interview, 2005; HaruoSaito and Gaku Mitsumata,“Bidding customs and
habitat improvement for matsutake (Tricholoma matsutake) in Japan ," Economic Botany
62 , no. 3 (2008): 257 -
5 Noboru Kuramoto and Yoshimi As ou ,“ Coppice woodland maintenance by volunteers ,"
in Satoyama, ed. Takeuchi et al., 119 - 129 (cited in chap. 11 , n. 14) , on 129.

communication, 2014)

2
Menzies , Our ecosystem, their timber: Communities, conservation, and the state
in flrest management (New York: Columbia

3
Hardin, "The tragedy of the commons," Science 162, no.
3859 (1 986):
4 Xu and Jesse Ribot ,“ Decentralisation and
accountability in forest management: A case from Yunnan , southwest China," European
Journal 01 Development Research 16, no. 1 (2004): X. Yang, A. Wilkes , Y.
Yang, J. Xu, C. S. Geslani, X. Yang, F. Gao , J. Yang, and B. Robinson,“ Common and
privatized: Conditions for wise management of matsutake mushrooms in northwest
by landscape in of a prized edible mushroom Tricholoma matsutake," Conser-
vation Genetics 11 (2010): 795 - 802.
17 Interview, 2006.

et al., "Genetic mosaics" (cited in chap. 16, n.

Lian , Maki Narimatsu, Kazuhide Nara , and Taizo


matsutake in a natural forest: Correspondence
between above- and below-ground genets , association with multiple host trees and
a1 teration of existing ectomycorrhizal communities," New Phytologist 171 , no. 4 (2006):
825 -

Ingold, Lines (London: Routledge ,


2 Lefevre,“ Host associations" (cited in chap. 12, n. 11).
3

(J efferson Center for


Education and

(Institute for Culture and Ecology (Sierra


Institute for Community and
(Alliance of Forest Workers and

2 Peter Kardas and Sarah Loose, making 0/ a popular educator: Th e journey 0/


Brown (Portland, OR: Bridgetown Printing, 2010).
3 Beverly Brown, ln timber Wo rking people's stories 0/ environmental conflict and ur-
(Philadelphia: Temple 1995).
Interview, 2005
2 Interview, 2008.
Knudsen's and Jan Vesterholt's taxonomy, Funga nordica (Copenhagen:
Nordsvamp ,
4 Interview, 2009.
5 T. caligatum
n. 11 0

6 Interview, 2005.
7 Matsushita, Kensuke Kikuchi , Yasumasa Sasaki , Alexis Guerin-
Laguette , Frédéric Lapeyrie , Lu-Min Vaario , Marcello and Kazuo
“ Genetic relationship of Tricholoma matsutake and T. nauseosum from the northern
hemisphere based on analyses of ribosomal DNA spacer regions ," Mycoscience 46 (2005):
90 -
8 Peabody et al., "Haploid vegetative mycelià' (cited in “ Tracking" interlude, n. 21).
9 Interview, 2009.
10 Ignacio Chapela and Matteo Garbelotto ,“ Phylogeography and evolution in matsutake
and close allies as inferred by analysis of ITS sequences and 96 , no. 4
(2004): 730 - 74 1.
11 Interview, 2006; Katsuji Yamanaka ,“ The origin and speciation of the matsutake
[in Japanese with English summaryJ, Newsletter of the ]apan Mycology Associa-
tion, Western]apan Branch 14 (2005): 1 - 9.
Lithocarpus
Notholithocarpus J 0 Paul S. Manos , Charles H. Cannon , and Sang-Hun Oh,
“ Phylogenetic relations and taxonomic status of the paleoendemic Fagaceae of western
North America: Recognition of a new genus no. 3
(2008): 181 - 190.
2009.
14 Jianping Xu , Hong Guo , and Zhll-Li ang Yang,“Single nllcleotide polymorphisms in the
ectomycorrhizal mushroom Tricholoma matsutake," Microbiology 153 (2007): 2002 -
2012.
Amend, Sterling Keeley, age correlates with
fìne-scale spatial structure of matsutake mycorrhizas ," Mycological Research 113 (2009):
541 - 55 1.
16 An thony Amend, Matteo Garbelotto , Zhengdong Fang, and Sterling Keeley,“ Isolation --'-
M. Zeller and K. Togashi, "The Am erican and
]apanese Matsu-takes ," Mycología 26 (1 934): 544 - 558 0

17 Hosford et and management (cited in chap. 3, n. 4).


18 Ibid. ,p .5 0.

in chap. 12 , n.

20 David Pilz and Randy Molina,“ Commercial harvests of edible mushrooms from the
forests of the Pacitìc Northwest United States: Issues, management, and monitoring for
sustainability," ForestEcologyandManagement5593 (2001): 1-14.
21 David Pilz and Randy Molina,
(USDA Forest Service .
1999) .
22 ]ames Weigand ,“ Forest management for the North American pine mushroom (Tri-
choloma magnivelare (Peck) Redhead) in the southern Cascade range" (PhD diss. , Oregon
State University, 1998).
23 Daniel Luoma, ]oyce Eberhart, Ri chard Abbott, An drew Moore , Michael
and David Pilz,“ Effects of mushroom harvest technique on subsequent American
matsutalce production," Forest Ecology and Management 236, no. 1 (2006): 65 - 75.
24 An thony Am end, Zhendong Fang, Cui Yi , and Will McClatchey,“ Local perceptions of
matsutalce mushroom management in NW Yunnan , China," Biological Conservatíon 143
(2010): 165 -

Ar ora (“ The
houses that matsutalce built," Economíc Botany 62, no. 3 (2008): 278 -

26 ]icun Wenyan [Yoshimura Fumihiko] , Songrong cufan jíshu [The technique of promoting
f1 0urishing matsutake] , trans. Yang Huiling (Kunming: Yunnan keji chubanshe [Yunnan
Science and Technology Press] , 2008).
(2004): 555 -
7 Nicholas Menzies and Chun Li (“ One eye on the forest , one eye on the market: Multi-
tiered regulation of matsutake harvesting, conservation , in north-western
Yunnan Province ," in Wí ld product governance, ed. 5arah Laird , Rebecca McLain , and
Rachel Wynberg, 243 - 263 [London: Earthscan,

8 Ohara Hiroyuki ,"A history of trial and error in artificial production of matsutake
fruitings" [in ]apanese], Doshisha Home Economics 27 (1 993):
9 ( shiro

]ianping
Xu , Tao Sha, Yanchun Li, Zhi-wei Zhao, and Zhu Yang,“ Recombination and genetic
differentiation among natural populations of the ectomycorrhizal mushroom Tricholoma
matsutake from southwestern China," Molecular Ecology 17, no. 5 [2008]:
on
Murata , Akira Ohta, Ak iyoshi Maki Narimatsu , and Norihiro
Futamura,“ Genetic mosaics in the massive persisting rhizosphere colony ‘shiro' of the
ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Tricholoma matsutake," Mycorrhiza 15 [2005]: 505 -

Timothy
relations: A manifesto ," in “'A new
form of collaboration in cultural anthropology: Matsutake worlds ," ed. Matsutake Worlds
Research Group , American Ethnologist 36, no. 2 (2009): 380 - 403.
11 Interviews, 2005 , 2006 , Matsutake (cited in chap. 3 , n.
Takeshi and Iwase Matsutake: Kajuen Kankaku de Fuyasu Sodateru
[Matsutake: Increase and nurture as in an orchard] (Tokyo: Nosangyoson Bunka

Ohara and Minoru Hamada,“ Disappearance of bacteria from the zone


of active mycorrhizas in Tr ícholoma matsutake (5. Ito et Imai) 5inger," Nature 213 , no.
5075 (1 %7): 528 -
14 lto and Iwase, Matsutake.

Guerin-Laguette, Norihisa Matsushita, Frédéric Lapeyrie, Katsumi 5hindo , and Kazuo


inoculation of mature pine with Tricholoma matsutake," Mycorrhiza 15
[2005]: 301 -
Forest Products
ronmental movements in Asia, ed. Arne Kalland'and Gerard Persoon , 110 - 130 (Oslo:
Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, 1998).

Callon ," Some elements of a socio10gy of trans1ation:


Domestication of the scallops and the fìshermen of St. Bruic Bay," in Powe r, action and
belief, ed. John Law, 196 - 223 (London: Routledge ,
2

(Thongchai Winichat-ku1, Siam mapped' A history 0/ the a nation [Hono1u1u:


University ofHawaii Press, 1994]; Dipesh Chakrabarty, Provincialízing Europe [Princeton,
NJ: Princeton

Eduardo Viveiros de Castro , "Economic


development and cosmopolitica1 reinvo1vement," in Contested ecologies, ed. Les1ey Green ,
28 - 41 [Cape Town , SA: HSRC Press , 2013] 0 )

3 Satsuka, Nature in translation (cited in chap. 4 , n. 2).


4 Itty 0/ the Indian atomic bomb (London: Zed Books,

5 Koo , Dong-Hee Lee, Young-Woo Park, Young-


Nam Lee, Kang-Hyun Ka, Hyun Park, Won-Chull and water changes in
soil co10ny during the mushroom fruiting season,"
no. 1 (2009):
6 F. JYao , N. S. Cho , Y. Kitamoto , and Y. Li,“ Effect of
RNA-related , compounds on fructifìcation of Tricholoma 23
14 Scott (“Taming
trees: Capital, sdence, and nature in Padfìc slope tree improvement," Annals 0/ the Associ-
ation 0/American Geographers 93, no. 3 [2003]: 636 -
Brock, Money trees: Douglas fir and American flres try, (Corvallis:
Oregon State University Press,

prefecture
16 in Japan," 14.

Landscapes 0/

Wells,“The Oregon coast in modern times: Postwar prosperity," Oregon


2006 , http://www.ohs.org/education/oregonhistory/narratives/subtopic.
cfm?subtopic_id=575.

Margaret McKean,“Management of traditional common lands in Japan," in Proceedings


0/ the on common property resource management ApriI21-26, 1985, ed. Daniel
Bromley, 533 - 592 (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1986), 574.
20 Ak ao,“Private forestry," 32; Yoshiya Iwai and Kiyoshi Yukutake,“Japan's wood trade," in
ed. Iwai, 244 - 256, on 247, 249.
21 Akao , "Private forestry," 32.
22 Ibid. ,33.
23 Robbins , Landscapes 0/ xvii i.

and Yukutake,“Japan's wood


trade ," 248 .
25 See Totman, Green archipelago (cited in chap. 13 , n. 8).
26 in Japan," 20. John
forest grant movement in Japan," in Enví“
chap. 8, n. 11) 0 Wong,“ Deforestation in the
tropics ," in 1he japan 's international environmental policies, 145 - 200. [New York:
Garland , 2001] 0

Brett Walker, To xic archipelago: A history of industrial disease in japan


[Seattle: Press , 2010]; Shigeto 1he political economy of
the ofjapan [Cambridge: Cambridge 1999] 0 )

2
(

(Totman, Green [ci ted in


chap. 13 , n. 8] 0 )

3 ed. , Forestry and the flrest in


japan (Vancouver: UBC Press,
4 Michael Hathaway, Environmental winds: Making the global in southwest China (Berkeley:
University of California Press, 2013).
5 Miyamato et al.,“ Changes in forest resource utilization" (cited in chap. 11 , note 14) , 90.

(Mitsuo in Japan ," in ed. on 12) 0

and ,
owners' associations ," in ed. 41 - 66 , on 42
6 Stephen Pyne, Fire in America (Seattle: University of Washington Press , 1997) ,
334. Pyne

7 Steen, u.s. Forest Service; Robbins , American flrestry (both cited in chap.2 , n.5).
8 Iwai,
9
and Hirata,“ Forest owners'
associations ," 43.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi re_balloon ) .0 Frida Kn oblock


culture of wilderness (Raleigh: North Carolina
Kosek, Understories (Durham , NC:
Duke University Press,
11 Robbins , Landscapes of in chap. 3, n. 5) , 176.
12 Ibid. , 163.
and Hirata,“Forest owners' associations ," 45.
and 'gEe

0/

20 Znerold,“New intç: grated forest resource plan for ponderosa pine;" 4.


21 and C. T. vegetation o/Oregon and (Portland,
OR: Pacifìc Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, U.S.D. A. Forest Service,
1988) , 185.
Munger)

(Munger quoted in Les


Joslin , Ponderosa promise: A hístory 0/ u.s. Forest Servíce research ín centralOregon [General
Technical Report PNW-GTR-711 , Portland, OR: U.S.D. A. Forest Service , Pacific
Northwest Research Station, 2007] ,
23 ofhigher fungi" (cited in chap. 12 , n. 28).
24 Fumihiko Yoshimura. interview. 2008 0

J onsson , Anders Dahlberg ,


Marie-Charlotte Nilsson , Olle Zackrisson , and Ola Karen,“ Ectomycorrhizal fungal
communities in late- successional Swedishboreal forests , and their composition following
wildfìre," Molecular Ecology 8 [1999]: 205 -

( Chiloquin Ponderosa promise,

ShadoUJs (ci ted in


Cogswell ,“ Deschutes"

W. Carlson ,“ The great railroad building race up the Deschutes River," in Little-
known tales from Oregon - 77 [Bend, OR: Sun Publishing,
9
( Landscapes 0/

(Robbins, Landscapes 0/ [cited in chap. 3,


International CogsweU ,
“Deschutes," 259
10 Robbins (Landscapes 0/

Brogan , East 0/ the Cascades (HilIsboro , OR: and Mort,

11 Conspiracy (cited in chap. 3, n. 5).


12 Robbins , Landscapes 14.

Fiske and John Tappeiner, An overview sílví-


cultural flr PonderoSa píne (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report

14 Znerold, "New integrated forest resource plan for pine" (cited in chap. 3, n. 6) ,
3.
HTTP://www.klamathtribes.org/

16 Donald invasion o/lndían twentieth century (Niwot:


Press of Colorado,

http://www.klamathtribes.org/background

Business School , Baker Li brary, Lehman Brothers Collection ,


http://www.library.hbs.edu/hc!1 ehman/industry.himl ?company=crown_zellerbach_

18 Edward Wol f, Klamath heartlands: A guide to the Klamath Reservation flrest plan (Portland,
OR: Ecotrust,
Nicholas

(Menzies, Forest and land


management in imperial China [London: St. Martin's Press , 1994] , 80 -

Dachang,“ Tenure and management


of non-state forests in Çhina since 1950," Environmental History 6, no. 2 (2001):

17 Yin
People and trans. Magnus
Fiskesjo (Kunming: Yunnan Education Publishing House, 2001).
18 Li u ("Tenure ,"

Cogswell , Jr. ,“ Deschutes country pine


logging," in High and mighty: Selected sketches about the ed. T. Vaughn ,
235 - 259 (Portland, OR: Oregon Historical Society,
, Deschutes

2
3

CVaughn and Cortner, George W Bush's healthy forests [cited in chap. 5, n.


4 William Robbins , Landscapes ofpromise: Th e sto ry, 1800-1940 (Seatde: University
ofWashington Press , 1997) , 224.
5 Quoted in ibid. , 223.
6 Quoted in ibid. , 225.
7 Quoted in ibid. , 231.
8
vegetation in and around
Ogawa Forest Reserve in relation to human impact," in ed. Nakashizuka and
Matsumoto , 27 -
8 Conrad green
preindustrial ]apan (Berkeley: California Press,
9 Green archipelago; Margaret McKean,“ Defìning and dividing
in the commons: Today's lessons from the ]apanese past," International
Political Economy Working Paper Duke University, 1991; Utako Yamashita ,
Kulbhushan Balooni , and Makoto Inoue , of instituting ‘authorized neighborhood
associations' on communal (i riai) forest ownership in ]apan," Society and Natural Resources
22 (2009): 464 - 473; Gaku Mitsumata and Takeshi Murata,“ Overview and current
status of the irai (commons) system in the three regions of ]apan , from the Edo era to
the beginning of the 21st century," Discussion Paper No. 07 - 04 (Kyoto: Multilevel
Environmental Governance for Sustainable Development Project,
10 0 liver
woodland , and
archaeology," paper presented at Yale Agrarian Studies CoIIoquium, October 19 , 2013 ,
http://www.yale.edu/ agrarianstudies/ colloq- papers/ 07 rackham. pdf.
11 Tabata,“The future role of satoyama."
12 Matsuo Tsukada,“Japan ," in Vegetation hístory, Huntley and T. Webb
518 (Dordrecht, NL: Kl uwer Academic Publishers, 1988).
13 Interview, 2008
Asako , Harada Shigetoshi ,“Vegetation
mapping in the early Meiji era and changes in vegetation in southern Miura peninsulà'
[in ]apaneseJ, no. 1 (1997): 33 - 40; Ogura]unichi,“Forests of the Kanto
region in the 1880s" [i n ]apanese] , ]ournal 0/ the ]apanese Institute 0/Landscape Architects
57, no. 5 (1994): 79 - 84; Kaoru Ichikawa, Tomoo Okayasu, an.d Kazuhiko
“Characteristics in the distribution of woodland vegetation in the southern Kanto region
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Daisuke Naito, personal communication, 2010.


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3 0/ resistance
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5 Jerry Guin's Matsutake goldrush of the 1990s (Happy Camp , CA:


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3 Mintz, Sweetness and power, 47.


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1 Margulis and Dorion
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5 Harold Steen, 7he u.s. Forest Service: A history (1976; Seatde: Washington
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6 Langston , Forest dreams, flrest
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7 Interview, forester Phil Cruz, October 2004.


8 Jeffery MacDonald , identity (New York:
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]apanese] (Kyoto: Matsutake Research Association, 1964) , front matter: “ The aroma
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Mushroom at the End of the World:
On the Possibility of Li fe in Capitalist Ruins

Low,nhaup'

at the End of the Wodd : On


the Possibility ofLife in G. piralisr Ruins

ISBN
ISBN

39 1. 5 107010601

Copyright@ 2015 by Princeton University Press


Published in agreement with Princeton University Press, rhrough Bardon Chinese Media Agency
Complex Chinese translation @ 2018 by Gusa a Division ofWalkers Cultural Enterprises Ltd.
Al l rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmìtted ìn any form or by any means, electronìc or mechanìca l, ìncluding
photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system , without in writing from the Publisher.
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