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 PART-VI CHAPTER-5
CONCRETE MATERIALS
1.1 5.2 Constituents of Concrete
1.1.1 5.2.1 Cement
Cement shall conform to one of the following specifications:
• "Composition, Specification an or Common Cements" (BOS EN 197-1:2003)
• "Standard Specification for Portland Cement" ( ASTM C150/C150M)
Cement used in the construction shall be the same as that used in the concrete mix design.

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1.1.2 5.2.2 Aggregates

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Concrete aggregates shall conform to the standards "Coarse and Fine Aggregates from Natural Sources for Concrete" (BOS
243: 1963); "Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates" (ASTM C33/C33M).

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Maximum nominal size of coarse aggregate shall be the minimum of the following:
(a) One fifth (1/5) the narrowest dimension between sides of forms,

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(b) One third (1/3) the depth of slabs,
(c) Three fourth (3/4) the minimum clear spacing between individual reinforcing bars, or bundles of bars, or prestressing

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tendons or ducts.
1.1.3 5.2.3 Water
Water used in mixing concrete shall be clean and free from injurious amounts of oils, acids, alkalis, salts, organic materials, or

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other substances that may be harmful to concrete or reinforcement.
Nonpotable water shall not be used in concrete except the following conditions:
(a) Selection of concrete proportions shall be based on concrete mixes using water from the same source.
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(b) Nonpotable water is permitted only if specified comparative mortar test cubes made with nonpotable water produce at
least 90 percent of the strength achieved with potable water.
1.2 5.3 Steel Reinforcement
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Modulus of elasticity E s for reinforcement shall be taken as 200 kN/mm2.

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• Deformed reinforcing bars with a specified yield strength fy exceeding 420 N/mm2 shall be permitted, provided fy shall be
the stress corresponding to a strain of 0.35 percent
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• Plain wire shall conform to "Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement" (ASTM
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A82/A82M) except that for wire with a specified yield strength fy exceeding 420 N/mm2, fy shall be the stress
corresponding to a strain of 0.0035.
• Plain bars and wire may be used as ties, stirrups and spirals or all structural members and for all reinforcement in structures
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up to 4-storey high.
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1.3 5.5.4 Minimum Concrete Strength

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Minimum concrete strength for structural use of reinforced concrete shall be 20 N/mm2. However, for buildings up to 4 storey, the
minimum concrete strength may be relaxed to 17 N/mm2.
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 1.4 5.11 Curing
5.11.1 Concrete (other than high early strength) shall be maintained above 1OoC and in a moist condition for at least the first 7
days after placement.
5.11.2 High early strength concrete shall be maintained above 1OoC and in a moist condition for at least the first 3 days.

1.5 5.12 Evaluation and Acceptance of Concrete

5.12.1.3 Unless otherwise specified, fc’ shall be based on 28 day tests. Test age for fc shall be indicated in design drawings or
specifications, if it is different from 28 days.

1.6 5.13 Properties of Concrete

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1.6.1 Strength
Strength of concrete shall be based on fc’ determined in accordance with the provisions of Sec 5.12.1.

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1.6.2 5.13.2 Modulus of Elasticity

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• Modulus of elasticity Ec for stone aggregate concrete may be taken as 44w c 1.5�𝑓𝑓′𝑐𝑐 (N/mm2) for values of w c between

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15 and 25 KN/m3 and fc’ in N/mm2. For normal density concrete, E c may be taken as 4700�𝑓𝑓′𝑐𝑐 (N/mm2).
[57000�𝑓𝑓′𝑐𝑐 (PSI)]
• Modulus of elasticity Ec for brick aggregate concrete may be taken as 3750�𝑓𝑓′𝑐𝑐 (N/mm2). [45155�𝑓𝑓′𝑐𝑐 (PSI)]

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1.6.3 5.13.3 Creep
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The creep coefficient may be estimated from Figure 6.5.1. (See BNBC)
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1.6.4 5.13.5 Thermal Strains

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It may be seen that partia11y dry concrete has a coefficient of therma1 expansion approximate1y 2 x 10-6/oC greater than the
coefficient for saturated concrete.
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