SDG 10

1.

 Inequality refers to the state or condition of being unequal, or the existence of disparities or
differences in various aspects of life, such as wealth, income, education, health, opportunities,
and social status, among others. Inequality can manifest in various forms, including economic
inequality, social inequality, gender inequality, racial or ethnic inequality, and more. It can result
from structural, systemic, or societal factors, and may lead to unfair and unjust distribution of
resources, opportunities, and privileges among different individuals or groups, often resulting in
disadvantages for those who are marginalized or disadvantaged. Addressing inequality typically
involves efforts to promote fairness, justice, and equal opportunities for all individuals,
regardless of their background or circumstances, and to eliminate or reduce disparities in various
areas of life.

2.

 Economic Inequality: One of the most pervasive forms of inequality is economic inequality,
where the wealth and income distribution is heavily skewed, with a small percentage of the
global population owning a disproportionately large share of the world's wealth. According to
the Global Wealth Report 2021 by Credit Suisse, the top 1% of the global population owns 45.8%
of global wealth, while the bottom 50% owns just 1.2% of global wealth. This economic
inequality is often evident in the growing wage gap between CEOs and workers, lack of access to
basic resources such as food, clean water, healthcare, and education for marginalized
communities, and disparities in living standards and opportunities based on socioeconomic
status.

 Gender Inequality: Despite progress in gender equality, gender-based discrimination and

violence against women continue to persist in many parts of the world. Women often face
discrimination in the workplace, with lower pay compared to men for the same work, limited
opportunities for leadership roles, and barriers to career advancement. Women also face
challenges in accessing education, healthcare, and basic human rights in some regions. Gender-
based violence, such as domestic violence, sexual harassment, and human trafficking,
disproportionately affect women and girls, highlighting the persistent gender inequality that
exists in many societies.

 Racial Inequality: Racial discrimination and inequality remain significant issues in various parts of
the world. People of color often face systemic racism, prejudice, and discrimination in various
aspects of life, including education, employment, housing, healthcare, and criminal justice.
Racial disparities are evident in higher rates of poverty, lower access to quality education, higher
rates of incarceration, and limited representation in leadership positions for marginalized racial
and ethnic groups. Racial discrimination and inequality are often embedded in societal
structures and institutions, leading to disparities and injustices that affect the well-being and
opportunities of individuals and communities based on their race or ethnicity.
3.

 Economic Inequality: The Philippines is known for having one of the highest levels of economic
inequality in Southeast Asia. According to a report by Oxfam Philippines, as of 2020, the wealth
of the country's top 1% is equivalent to that of the bottom 80% of the population. The gap
between the rich and the poor is evident in the lack of access to basic services and resources,
such as education, healthcare, and clean water, for many marginalized communities in the
country. Poverty and income inequality disproportionately affect rural areas and marginalized
groups, including indigenous peoples and informal settlers in urban areas.

 Education Inequality: In the Philippines, there are significant disparities in access to quality
education. Many children from low-income families, particularly in rural areas, face challenges in
accessing education due to lack of schools, classrooms, and basic educational resources. This
results in uneven educational opportunities and outcomes, with children from wealthier families
having better access to quality education compared to those from lower-income households.
Additionally, there are disparities in the quality of education between public and private schools,
with private schools often offering higher quality education but being more expensive, thus
limiting access for low-income students.

 Health Inequality: Health inequality is also evident in the Philippines, with disparities in access to
healthcare services and health outcomes. Access to quality healthcare is often limited for low-
income individuals and communities, particularly in remote rural areas. There are disparities in
healthcare infrastructure, resources, and services between urban and rural areas, resulting in
uneven health outcomes. Additionally, marginalized groups, such as indigenous peoples and
informal settlers, often face barriers in accessing healthcare due to social, cultural, and economic
factors, leading to health disparities.

4.

 Raise Awareness: One of the first steps in addressing inequality is to raise awareness about the
issue. Share information, resources, and stories related to inequality through social media,
conversations, and other platforms. Educate yourself and others about the root causes and
impacts of inequality, and engage in discussions and dialogues to promote understanding and
empathy.

SDG 11

1.

 A sustainable city is a city that is designed and managed in a way that meets the needs of its
current inhabitants without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
 needs. It promotes economic, social, and environmental well-being, aiming to achieve a balance
between economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection.

2.