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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chick lit is a term used to describe a type of popular fiction targeted at younger women.
Widely used in the 1990s and 2000s, the term has fallen out of fashion with
publishers[1] while writers and critics have rejected its inherent sexism.[2] Novels identified
as chick lit typically address romantic relationships, female friendships, and workplace
struggles in humorous and lighthearted ways.[3] Typical protagonists are urban,
heterosexual women in their late twenties and early thirties:[4][5] the 1990s chick lit heroine
represented an evolution of the traditional romantic heroine in her assertiveness,
financial independence and enthusiasm for conspicuous consumption.[6]
The format developed through the early 1990s on both sides of the Atlantic with books
such as Terry McMillan's Waiting to Exhale (1992, US) and Catherine Alliott's The Old
Girl Network (1994, UK). Helen Fielding's Bridget Jones's Diary (1996, UK), wildly
popular globally, is the "ur text" of chick lit, while Candace Bushnell's (US) 1997
novel Sex and the City has huge ongoing cultural influence.[7][8] By the late 1990s, chick
lit titles regularly topped bestseller lists, and many imprints were created devoted
entirely to chick lit. By the mid-2000s, commentators noted that the chick lit market was
increasingly saturated,[9] and by the early 2010s, publishers had largely abandoned the
category. The term "chick lit" maintains an afterlife as a popular category for readers
and amateur writers on the Internet.
Author Terry McMillan, in 2008. McMillan's 1992 novel Waiting to Exhale predated the chick-lit label but, in its
focus on the lives of a group of 30-something single women professionals, has been identified as a key
precursor of the category
Publishers[edit]
In 2000, Sydney Morning Herald described the "publishing phenomenon" of what it
called "chicfic," books with "Covers [that] are candy-bright, heavy in pink and
fluorescence. The titles are also candy-bright, hinting at easy digestion and a good
laugh... ...Such books are positioned in a marketplace as hybrids of the magazine
article, fictional or fictionalised, television...and comfort food digestible over a single
night at home."[16]
Through the 2000s publishers continue to push the subgenre because sales continue to
be high. In 2003, Publishers Weekly reported on numerous new chick lit imprints, such
as, "Kensington's Strapless, which launched in April 2003 and has one book a month
scheduled through the end of 2004. Kensington editorial director John Scognamiglio
explained that the imprint was created in response to requests from salespeople for a
chick lit brand." Nonetheless, the same Publishers Weekly article was already looking
back enviously at the massive sales achieved by Bridget Jones's Diary in 1998 and
commenting on the challenges for chick lit publishers in a now-overcrowded market.
Already, Publishers Weekly suggested, chick lit was - if not in decline - at least at a
turning point.[31]
In 2008, editor Sara Nelson stated that the definition of what's considered to be within
the genre of chick lit has become more accomplished and "grown up".[32]
By 2012 news sources were reporting the death of chick lit. Salon.com reported that
"Because chick lit (whatever it is - or was) provoked so many ideologically fraught
arguments about the values placed on women's vs. men's tastes, high- vs. lowbrow
culture, comedy vs. drama and so on, it's tempting to read particular significance into its
decline," but went on to argue that the decline was due to a normal process of changing
fashion and taste in genre fiction.[33]
See also[edit]
Chick flick
Feminism
Fratire
Lad lit
Women's literature
References[edit]
1. ^ Jump up to:a b c ""Google Books Ngram Viewer"". Retrieved 6 January 2022.
2. ^ Mißler, Heike (2016). The Cultural Politics of Chick Lit: Popular Fiction, Postfeminism and
Representation. London: Routledge. pp. 13–14, 45. ISBN 9781138648241.
3. ^ "In the Classroom or In the Bedroom" Archived 28 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine Review
of Chick Lit: The New Woman's Fiction.
4. ^ Rebecca Vnuk (15 July 2005). "Collection Development 'Chick Lit': Hip Lit for Hip Chicks".
Libraryjournal.com. Archived from the original on 1 December 2010. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
5. ^ "The White Terry McMillan Centering Black Women Within Chick Lit's Genealogy". Taylor and
Francis Group. 2018. doi:10.4324/9781315107400-9. S2CID 195512533.
6. ^ Chen, Eva Yin-i (March 2010). "Neoliberal Self-Governance and Popular Postfeminism in
Contemporary Anglo-American Chick Lit" (PDF). Concentric: Literary and Cultural Studies. 36 (1):
243–275.
7. ^ Whelehan, Imelda (2002). Bridget Jones's Diary: A Reader's Guide. Bloomsbury Academic.
8. ^ Smith, Caroline J. (2008). Cosmopolitan Culture and Consumerism in Chick Lit. Routledge.
9. ^ Jump up to:a b Rachel Donadio "The Chick-Lit Pandemic", The New York Times, 19 March 2006.
10. ^ See, Carolyn (22 June 1992). "BOOK REVIEW : A Novel of Women Triumph, Revenge and
Comradeship : WAITING TO EXHALE". Los Angeles Times.
11. ^ Betterton, Don M. (1988). Alma Mater: Unusual Stories and Little-known Facts from America's
College Campuses. Petersons Guides. p. 113. ISBN 9780878665792. Retrieved 12
December 2021 – via Google Books.
12. ^ Jump up to:a b "Overview Chick Lit". Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms. Retrieved 12
December 2021 – via Oxford Reference. The term appeared from 1996 as a flippant counterpart to
the lad-lit fiction of that time.
13. ^ Bunch, Sonny (17 April 2019). "In defense of the 'chick flick' label". Washington Post. Retrieved 4
August 2022.
14. ^ Mazza, Chris; Jeffrey DeShell (1995). Chick-Lit On the Edge: New Womens Fiction Anthology. FC2.
15. ^ Wolcott, James (12 May 1996). "Hear Me Purr". The New Yorker. Retrieved 3
August 2022. (Subscription required.)
16. ^ Jump up to:a b Knox, Malcolm (14 October 2000). "A quick fling with chicfic". The Sydney Morning
Herald. Archived from the original on 14 October 2000.
17. ^ Jump up to:a b c Ferris; Young, eds. (2006). Chick Lit The New Woman's Fiction.
Routledge. ISBN 9781136092428. Retrieved 30 July 2021 – via Google Books.
18. ^ Ehriander, Helene (29 August 2015). "Chick Lit in Historical Settings by Frida Skybäckby Helene
Ehriander". Journal of Popular Romance Studies. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
19. ^ Kuczynski, Alex (14 June 1998). "Dear Diary: Get Real". New York Times. Retrieved 1
September 2016.
20. ^ "Bainbridge Denounces Chick-Lit as 'Froth'". The Guardian. 22 August 2001. Retrieved 1
September 2016.
21. ^ Colgan, Jenny (24 August 2001). "We Know the Difference Between Foie Gras and Hula Hoops,
Beryl, but Sometimes We Just Want Hula Hoops". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
22. ^ Jump up to:a b Gibbons, Fiachra (21 August 2003). "Stop rubbishing chick-lit, demands
novelist". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
23. ^ Jump up to:a b Davis‐Kahl, Stephanie (18 January 2008). "The case for chick lit in academic
libraries". Collection Building. Emerald. 27 (1): 4. doi:10.1108/01604950810846206. ISSN 0160-
4953.
24. ^ Merrick, Elizabeth (2005). This Is Not Chick Lit. Random House. pp. ix.
25. ^ Jump up to:a b Baratz-Logsted, Lauren (2006). This Is Chick Lit. Benbella. p. 1.
26. ^ Shipley, Diane (15 March 2007). "In Defence of Chick Lit". The Guardian. Retrieved 1
September 2016.
27. ^ Connell, D. J. (4 August 2010). "The chick-lit debate: who in Playboy Mansion Hell calls women
chicks?". the Guardian. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
28. ^ Aitkenhead, Decca (12 February 2012). "Sophie Kinsella: 'You can be highly intelligent – and also
ditzy and klutzy'". the Guardian. Retrieved 5 August 2022. I mean, it's not the ideal term; when I'm
asked to describe what I do, I say I write romantic comedies, cos that's what I feel they are.
29. ^ Grassi, Laurie (4 November 2014). "Marian Keyes on her new book, sex scenes and the term chick
lit". Chatelaine. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
30. ^ Marian Keyes: Family Matters, 19 August 2020
31. ^ Natalie Danford (2003). "The Chick Lit Question". Publishers' Weekly.
32. ^ Olivia Barker (29 May 2008). "'Prada' nips at author Lauren Weisberger's heels". USA Today.
Retrieved 5 October 2010. Nelson says. "The definition of chick lit has expanded to include some
things that are a little more accomplished and grown-up and literary than what that term used to
mean.
33. ^ Miller, Laura (23 February 2012). "The death of chick lit". salon.com. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
34. ^ Raaj, Neelan (27 July 2008). "Write Up Their Alley". Times of India. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
35. ^ "Trust Me to spill beans on Bollywood", CNN-IBN, 18 February 2007.
36. ^ India's Cheeky "Chick Lit" Finds An Audience
37. ^ Asha Menon "Indian chick lit?"
38. ^ Sunaina Kumar "The Rise of Ladki-Lit", The Indian Express, 8 October 2006.
39. ^ Martins, Milena (11 March 2015). "Sua individualidade não existe: a generalização dos 'livros
de..." Revista Pólen (in Portuguese). Retrieved 19 August 2022.
40. ^ "Individuals using the Internet (% of population) - North America, European Union, Australia". World
Bank. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
41. ^ Jump up to:a b Folie, Sandra (11 May 2021). "Recovering contemporary genre histories – the
development of chick lit as seen through the internet archive's wayback machine and wikipedia's
history page". International Journal of Digital Humanities. Springer Science and Business Media
LLC. 2 (1–3): 25–42. doi:10.1007/s42803-021-00031-6. ISSN 2524-7832. S2CID 236552171.
42. ^ Coburn, Jennifer (11 February 2012). "The decline of chick lit". San Diego Union-Tribune.
Retrieved 4 August 2022.
43. ^ "search results for chick lit". Goodreads. 3 August 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
Further reading[edit]
Gill, Rosalind; Herdieckerhoff, Elena (December 2006). "Rewriting the romance:
new femininities in chick lit?" (PDF). Feminist Media Studies. 6 (4): 487–
504. doi:10.1080/14680770600989947. S2CID 55208553.
Roy, Pinaki. "The Chick Factor: A Brief Survey of the Indian Chick-lit Novels", The
Postcolonial Woman Question: Readings in Indian Women Novelists in English.
Eds. Ray, G.N. and J. Sarkar. Kolkata: Books Way, 2011 (ISBN 978-93-80145-84-
6). pp. 213–23.
External links[edit]
"Chick lit, for better or worse, is here to stay"
"Collection Development 'Chick Lit': Hip Lit for Hip Chicks" Library Journal Article on
the genre
"India's Cheeky 'Chick Lit' Finds an Audience"
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Categories:
Chick lit
Women's fiction
Literary genres
This page was last edited on 19 March 2023, at 06:33 (UTC).
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