M1 Abstraction – Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Overview

- The term information and communications technology or ICT was defined in a -

transfer of information and various types of electronically mediated
communication.”
- The need for devices such as mobile phones or laptops is identified in all
instances—this is the fact of being human and the need to “belong”
- According to Baumeister and Leary (1995), the “belongingness hypothesis”
states that people have a basic psychological need to feel closely connected to
others and that caring and affectionate feeling is a major part of human
behavior.

M2 Abstraction – How Computer Works

- The basic parts of computer are the central processing unit (CPU), memory, a
keyboard, or other input devices, and a screen, or other output devices.
- The human has human language while the computer can understand machine
language.
- The computer does not recognize letters as letters of the alphabet; it sees the
letters as a series of 0’s and 1’s called the binary language.
- 0 and 1 plays an important role in the way computers communicate with one
another. This type of number system is called the binary number system, with
the prefix bi, which means 2.

M3 Abstraction – The Internet

- The internet is a global system of interconnected computers using a

standardized Internet Protocol suite for communication and sharing
information.
- When computers are connected to the internet, end users could start sending
and receiving diff. types of communications.
- 4 billion people in the world are using internet for various reasons
 The Internet: Then and Now

- The internet has evolved into something different from the special-purpose,
restricted-use network its planners originally envisioned it to be (Norton, 2012)
- Advanced Research Projects Agency’s Wide Area Network (ARPANET)
 Established by the U.S. Department of Defense in the 1960s so that
the military’s research unit could collaborate or partner with business
and government laboratories.
 The advancement of hypertext-based technology known as World Wide
Web, WWW or simply just as the Web has provided the channels for
displaying text, graphics, animations, etc.

The Internet2 Environment: Future Empowerment

- Internet2 is not-for-profit networking consortium founded in 1996 by 34

university research institutions in the U.S. It provides a collaborative
environment where U.S. research and education organizations work together and
developed advanced technologies and innovative solutions such as telemedicine.
- Internet2 manages the Internet2 Network, a next generation optical and
internet protocol network that can deliver enhanced network services and is
better and faster.
- Internet2 maintains a secure network testing and research environment. This
began operating the Internet2 DCN (dynamic circuit network), an advanced
technology that allows user-based allocation of data circuits over the fiber-
optic network.
- Philippine Research, Education and Government Information Network
(PREGINET) is among the reachable peers via Trans-Eurasia Information
Network (TEIN) of the Internet2’s peering relationships.
- Department of Science and Technology Advanced Science and Technology
Institute (DOST-ASTI)

M4 Abstaraction - Introduction to Resources

- Without resources, organizations would cease to exist.

- Physical Resources means tangible and can be easily identified.
- Physical Resources usually start from acquisition and then assembled to
be available for use when needed.
- The other type of resource is called conceptual resources, these are
non-tangible and are considered valuable for what they represent rather
than their physical make up money.